Circular economy (CE) is an interesting approach by many countries to address global environmental problems while gaining economic benefits. The implementation of CE is expected to minimize the use of resources and materials, thus contributing to sustainable development. Much literature has discussed CE assessment indicators and their evaluation, however to date, no single indicator has been proposed that can comprehensively measure the macro level of CE implementation. This study aims to develop a CE index to measure CE implementation at macro levels. In addition, it provides an overview of the impact of CE implementation on the financial, social, and environmental aspects of the economy. To this end, first, an in-depth literature review and descriptive analysis is conducted to identify existing global CE indicators and classify them into financial, social, and environmental categories based on available primary and secondary data. Then, the CE index is constructed using a mathematical equation by considering the CE framework, a single indicator of each aspect as a variable, and the variable’s weighting. Finally, the CE index is applied to evaluate the level of CE implementation of CE in Indonesia at macro level. This index is expected to be a valuable tool for measuring CE implementation and therefore improving CE performance.

Nowadays, various 3D-Printer technologies are commercially available. However, those printers could only be used for a certain material provided by the printer manufacturers. For new material, the commercial printer could not be employed directly and needs to be modified and its printing parameter has to be optimized to fit the property of the new material. This paper aimed to find the optimum parameters (print speed and layer height) based on printability material. The new material that would be developed was a composite of bioceramic powder (hydroxyapatite) and polymer (collagen) in the form of slurry with ratios of 99.84% (w/v) and 0.16% (w/v). While the printer was a commercial 3D-Printer machine with modification on its cartridge container and bracket. The printing parameters were layer height (0.65, 1.0, 1.35 mm) and print speed (14.4, 25, 35.6 mm/min). Optimization of the printing parameter used Response Surface Method (RSM) with 13 sets of specimens. Test specimens for defining printable material were printed in the form of line shape and a rectangular shape for case study. Printability as a responding of the optimum parameter setting was defined on the basis of 5%-maximum dimension error of the printed specimen compared to the 3D-CAD data. Data obtained was analyzed using ANOVA. The results show that the optimum setup printing parameter were 10.009 mm/min for print speed and 0.505 mm for layer height, respectively with the error dimension obtained from the experiment was 0.013 mm2 (0.59%) lower than that of the permitted error of 5% (0.125 mm2).

Parameter Optimization of Customized FDM 3D Printer Machine for Biocomposite Material [Sago/PMMA] Using 2k Fractional Factorial Design

Currently, the development of information technology in all fields is very rapid, including in the manufacturing sector, thus making the social environment of manufacturing change a lot. Traditional manufacturing research focuses on applying technology, such as production models, supplier arrangements, automation, advanced machines in the manufacturing industry, etc. Global competition and increasingly diverse customer demands are a phenomenon that occurs today. Social manufacturing is a new distributed, collaborative, and intelligent manufacturing, that every consumer can participate in the entire process of product design, manufacture, and even marketing. This study aims to examine the development of social manufacturing systems and the latest research in social manufacturing. The method used is to review the latest papers related to social manufacturing that provide a new paradigm for the manufacturing industry, then map based on the concepts, frameworks, and technologies used. The results of this review paper are in the form of mapping research papers taken from the database of a reputable international journal, Scopus. The mapping includes data on the author, co-author, terms on social manufacturing paper, year of publication, type of document and publisher. This systematic literature review can be one of the references for basic research on social manufacturing.

The factory layout is an important role in improving the efficiency and viability of the industry. Designing the plant layout can use Activity Relationship Chart (ARC). The purpose of this research is to design the layout of eucalyptus plant facility in Timor Tengah Utara district. The results showed that the layout planning department Eucalyptus Oil production by Activity Relationship Chart (ARC) is largely influenced by the degree of sequence relationships between departments work flow and the degree of personal contact is often done. Based on the research that has been done in Timor Tengah Utara district, it can be concluded that the planning layout by Activity Relationship Chart (ARC) more efficient in Eucalyptus Oil refining process.