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Drought is a stochastic natural hazard that is caused by intense and persistent shortage of precipitation. The initial shortage of rainfall subsequently impacts the agriculture and hydrology sectors. Marathwada region of India comes under highly drought prone area in the country. Recent times have shown the increase in occurrence of agricultural drought in the non-monsoon season. The deviation from normal rainfall in the month of October causes soil moisture deficit which triggers an agricultural drought in the early-Rabi season. The traditional remote sensing based agricultural drought monitoring indices lack in identifying the early-season (ES) drought. An attempt has been made in the present study, to map ES agricultural drought in the Aurangabad district of Marathwada region using remote sensing. The meteorological deficit in the month of October, has been assessed using Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). Impact of meteorological fluctuations on agricultural system in terms of dryness/wetness was evaluated using the Shortwave Angel Slope Index (SASI) derived using MODIS (Terra) Level-3, 8 daily, surface reflectance data for the October months of 2001–2012. It was observed that the area experiences moderate to severe drought 5 times with 12 years of study period (2001–2012). SASI and its parameters were estimated for each week of October month. SASI maps were further classified in four categories viz. moist vegetation; dry vegetation; moist soil and dry soil. The detailed analyses if these maps indicate that agricultural stress occurs in this area even if there is no meteorological stress. However, whenever, there is meteorological stress the area under agricultural stress exceeds more than 50% of the study region. A frequency distribution map of ES drought was prepared to identify the most drought prone area of the district and to alternately identify the irrigated area of the district.
B. R. Nikam; S. P. Aggarwal; P. K. Thakur; V. Garg; S. Roy; A. Chouksey; P. R. Dhote; P. Chauhan. ASSESSMENT OF EARLY SEASON AGRICULTURAL DROUGHT USING REMOTE SENSING. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences 2020, XLIII-B3-2, 1691 -1695.
AMA StyleB. R. Nikam, S. P. Aggarwal, P. K. Thakur, V. Garg, S. Roy, A. Chouksey, P. R. Dhote, P. Chauhan. ASSESSMENT OF EARLY SEASON AGRICULTURAL DROUGHT USING REMOTE SENSING. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. 2020; XLIII-B3-2 ():1691-1695.
Chicago/Turabian StyleB. R. Nikam; S. P. Aggarwal; P. K. Thakur; V. Garg; S. Roy; A. Chouksey; P. R. Dhote; P. Chauhan. 2020. "ASSESSMENT OF EARLY SEASON AGRICULTURAL DROUGHT USING REMOTE SENSING." The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B3-2, no. : 1691-1695.
The Himalayan region are home to the world’s youngest and largest mountains, and origins of major rivers systems of South Asia. The present work highlight the importance of remote sensing (RS) data based precipitation and terrain products such as digital elevation models, glacier lakes, drainage morphology along with limited ground data for improving the accuracy of hydrological and hydrodynamic (HD) models in various Himalayan river basins such as Upper Ganga, Beas, Sutlej, Teesta, Koshi etc. The satellite based rainfall have mostly shown under prediction in the study area and few places have are also showing over estimation of rainfall. Hydrological modeling results were most accurate for Beas basin, followed by Upper Ganga basin and were least matching for Sutlej basin. Limited ground truth using GNSS measurements showed that digital elevation model (DEM) for carto version 3.1 is most accurate, followed by ALOS-PALSAR 12.5 DEM as compared to other open source DEMs. Major erosion and deposition was found in Rivers Bhagirathi, Alakhnanda, Gori Ganga and Yamuna in Uttarakhand state and Beas and Sutlej Rivers in Himachal Pradesh using pre and post flood DEM datasets. The terrain data and river cross section data showed that river cross sections and water carrying capacity before and after 2013 floods have changed drastically in many river stretches of upper Ganga and parts of Sutlej river basins. The spatio-temporal variation and evolution of glacier lakes was for lakes along with GLOF modeling few lakes of Upper Chenab, Upper Ganga, Upper Teesta and Koshi river basin was done using time series of RS data from Landsat, Sentinel-1 and Google earth images.
P. K. Thakur; P. R. Dhote; A. Roy; S. P. Aggarwal; B. R. Nikam; V. Garg; A. Chouksey; N. Pokhriyal; M. Jani; V. Chauhan; N. Thakur; V. S. Dogra; G. S. Rao; A. S. Kumar. SIGNIFICANCE OF REMOTE SENSING BASED PRECIPITATION AND TERRAIN INFORMATION FOR IMPROVED HYDROLOGICAL AND HYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATION IN PARTS OF HIMALAYAN RIVER BASINS. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences 2020, XLIII-B3-2, 911 -918.
AMA StyleP. K. Thakur, P. R. Dhote, A. Roy, S. P. Aggarwal, B. R. Nikam, V. Garg, A. Chouksey, N. Pokhriyal, M. Jani, V. Chauhan, N. Thakur, V. S. Dogra, G. S. Rao, A. S. Kumar. SIGNIFICANCE OF REMOTE SENSING BASED PRECIPITATION AND TERRAIN INFORMATION FOR IMPROVED HYDROLOGICAL AND HYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATION IN PARTS OF HIMALAYAN RIVER BASINS. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. 2020; XLIII-B3-2 ():911-918.
Chicago/Turabian StyleP. K. Thakur; P. R. Dhote; A. Roy; S. P. Aggarwal; B. R. Nikam; V. Garg; A. Chouksey; N. Pokhriyal; M. Jani; V. Chauhan; N. Thakur; V. S. Dogra; G. S. Rao; A. S. Kumar. 2020. "SIGNIFICANCE OF REMOTE SENSING BASED PRECIPITATION AND TERRAIN INFORMATION FOR IMPROVED HYDROLOGICAL AND HYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATION IN PARTS OF HIMALAYAN RIVER BASINS." The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B3-2, no. : 911-918.
The sustainable usage and accurate assessment of water resources in North West Himalaya (NWH) is very important for respective policy makers. NWH receives precipitation from both southwest and northeast monsoon system. The detailed assessment of current and future water resources and hydrological cycle component for NWH river basins using earth observation (EO) satellites and hydrological models is very critical for attaining United Nations sustainable development goals (SDGs) namely, climate action, affordable and clean energy, clean water and sanitation and building resilient infrastructure. Present work highlights the role of various EO sensors and hydrological models and ground based instruments for improved assessment of water resources of NWH river basins. The complete inventory of NWH surface water (including glacier lakes of UK, HP), snow cover, delta SWE and glaciers database was accomplished with Remote Sensing (RS) datasets. Similarly, glacier velocity was estimated for all major glaciers of NWH using feature tracking and differential interferometry (DInSAR) methods. Fully distributed grid based hydrological model was setup for entire NWH and model calibration/validation was done for Beas, Satluj, Upper Ganga and Jhelum river basins. Quantification of relative contribution of snowmelt, glacier melt and rainfall-runoff was estimated for Bhagirathi basin upto Uttarkashi. An extensive network of automatic weather stations (AWS), 27 nos, 10 snow depth sensors, 04 digital water level recorders, two snow pack analysers and 06 long wave solar radiation sensors were installed in various sites of HP and UK for hydro-meteorological data collection, model simulation and validation. A future climate change simulations were done for Beas and Jhelum basins using CORDEX 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios from 2006–2100. Number of flood peaks were found to be increasing in number as well as decrease in total snow fall.
S. P. Aggarwal; P. K. Thakur; B. R. Nikam; V. Garg; A. Chouksey; P. R. Dhote; S. Bisht; A. Dixit; S. Arora; A. Choudhury; V. Sharma; P. Chauhan; A. S. Kumar. ROLE OF EARTH OBSERVATION DATA AND HYDROLOGICAL MODELING IN SUPPORTING UN SDGs IN NORTH WEST HIMALAYA. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences 2020, XLIII-B3-2, 853 -860.
AMA StyleS. P. Aggarwal, P. K. Thakur, B. R. Nikam, V. Garg, A. Chouksey, P. R. Dhote, S. Bisht, A. Dixit, S. Arora, A. Choudhury, V. Sharma, P. Chauhan, A. S. Kumar. ROLE OF EARTH OBSERVATION DATA AND HYDROLOGICAL MODELING IN SUPPORTING UN SDGs IN NORTH WEST HIMALAYA. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. 2020; XLIII-B3-2 ():853-860.
Chicago/Turabian StyleS. P. Aggarwal; P. K. Thakur; B. R. Nikam; V. Garg; A. Chouksey; P. R. Dhote; S. Bisht; A. Dixit; S. Arora; A. Choudhury; V. Sharma; P. Chauhan; A. S. Kumar. 2020. "ROLE OF EARTH OBSERVATION DATA AND HYDROLOGICAL MODELING IN SUPPORTING UN SDGs IN NORTH WEST HIMALAYA." The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B3-2, no. : 853-860.
Remote sensing and hydrological models are one of the foremost tools for rapid and comprehensive study of flood hazards and disasters in any parts of the world. Current study is focused on severe 2018 Kerala flood, and is done using various remote sensing data, geospatial tools and combination of hydrological/hydrodynamic/topographical models. Flood mapping is done with pre and post floods remote sensing datasets. For pre-Flood analysis, Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) map was prepared on Google Earth Engine (GEE), using Sentinel-2 images for the period of Feb. 2017 to identify permanent water bodies. For post-Flood analysis, GEE was used to download the pre-processed and thermal noise removed Sentinel-1 SAR image for Aug. 9, 2018, Aug. 14 and Aug. 21, 2018 and flood maps were generated using this data. In addition to SAR data, probable flood inundation areas using topography-based flood inundation tool HAND (Height Above Nearest Drainage tool) was also utilized. Hydrological simulation was carried out for all 12 major river sub-basins of Kerala, where floods are reported. Indian Meteorological Department-Global Precipitation Measurement (IMD-GPM) gridded daily data is used as input meteorological data for hydrological simulations. The hydrological simulations results were verified using published Central Water Commission (CWC) reports and reservoirs data for India-WRIS. The hydrodynamic simulation was also performed for simulating the Idukki dam release data and flood condition in downstream areas. Overall, an integrated study and developed approach can be utilized by state and central water and disaster management agencies to develop flood early warning systems.
P. K. Thakur; R. Ranjan; S. Singh; P. R. Dhote; V. Sharma; V. Srivastav; M. Dhasmana; S. P. Aggarwal; P. Chauhan; B. R. Nikam; V. Garg; A. Chouksey. SYNERGISTIC USE OF REMOTE SENSING, GIS AND HYDROLOGICAL MODELS FOR STUDY OF AUGUST 2018 KERALA FLOODS. ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences 2020, XLIII-B3-2, 1263 -1270.
AMA StyleP. K. Thakur, R. Ranjan, S. Singh, P. R. Dhote, V. Sharma, V. Srivastav, M. Dhasmana, S. P. Aggarwal, P. Chauhan, B. R. Nikam, V. Garg, A. Chouksey. SYNERGISTIC USE OF REMOTE SENSING, GIS AND HYDROLOGICAL MODELS FOR STUDY OF AUGUST 2018 KERALA FLOODS. ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. 2020; XLIII-B3-2 ():1263-1270.
Chicago/Turabian StyleP. K. Thakur; R. Ranjan; S. Singh; P. R. Dhote; V. Sharma; V. Srivastav; M. Dhasmana; S. P. Aggarwal; P. Chauhan; B. R. Nikam; V. Garg; A. Chouksey. 2020. "SYNERGISTIC USE OF REMOTE SENSING, GIS AND HYDROLOGICAL MODELS FOR STUDY OF AUGUST 2018 KERALA FLOODS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B3-2, no. : 1263-1270.
Hydrodynamic (HD) modelling in data sparse region represents a challenge due to poor hydrological and topographic data availability. Recently, remote sensing techniques offer additional data that may help to improve the reliability and accuracy of such analysis. In this study, an attempt has been made to investigate the potential and added value of altimeter measurements for multi-site validation of the HD model and constructed rating curves (RCs) in a sparsely gauged Brahmaputra River, India. The HD model (MIKE 11) was developed for a Brahmaputra River stretch of 135 km, between Tezpur and Guwahati, where 4 ground-tracks of the SARAL/AltiKa (the first Ka band altimeter mission) cross the river. The Nash Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) between HD model based water level and in-situ water level during calibration (January-October 2013) and validation (January-March 2014) was found to be 0.93 and 0.79 respectively. Calibrated and validated HD model was used to simulate water level and build rating curves at virtual stations. The bias correction (7.2 cm to 9.5 cm) was applied to the altimetry measurements before comparison with the modelled water levels. The root mean square error (RMSE) ranging between 15 cm and 42 cm was observed between the modelled and altimetry-derived water level at all the virtual stations, indicating the potential of satellite altimetry for multi-site validation of the HD model (inline with previous studies) and validation of the constructed RCs. The availability of RCs at virtual stations allows the expansion of the gauging network along the Brahmaputra River, thus enabling the estimation of the discharge at additional locations and the potential evaluation of the contributions of lateral tributaries could be evaluated in future work.
Pankaj R. Dhote; Praveen K. Thakur; Alessio Domeneghetti; Arpit Chouksey; Vaibhav Garg; S.P. Aggarwal; Prakash Chauhan. The use of SARAL/AltiKa altimeter measurements for multi-site hydrodynamic model validation and rating curves estimation: An application to Brahmaputra River. Advances in Space Research 2020, 68, 691 -702.
AMA StylePankaj R. Dhote, Praveen K. Thakur, Alessio Domeneghetti, Arpit Chouksey, Vaibhav Garg, S.P. Aggarwal, Prakash Chauhan. The use of SARAL/AltiKa altimeter measurements for multi-site hydrodynamic model validation and rating curves estimation: An application to Brahmaputra River. Advances in Space Research. 2020; 68 (2):691-702.
Chicago/Turabian StylePankaj R. Dhote; Praveen K. Thakur; Alessio Domeneghetti; Arpit Chouksey; Vaibhav Garg; S.P. Aggarwal; Prakash Chauhan. 2020. "The use of SARAL/AltiKa altimeter measurements for multi-site hydrodynamic model validation and rating curves estimation: An application to Brahmaputra River." Advances in Space Research 68, no. 2: 691-702.
Identification for planning of land and water resource management based on efficient decision-making tool is very important for providing appropriate weightage in stressed site. In the present study, fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) with different erosion hazards parameters (EHPs) have been used as a pronouncement for identification of naturally stressed sub-watershed in Nagwan watershed of Hazaribagh district in Jharkhand, India. In fuzzy-AHP, analytical hierarchy process (AHP) builds a hierarchy (ranking) of decision items using comparisons between each pair of items expressed as a matrix with fuzziness. Paired comparisons produce weighting scores that measure how much importance items and criteria have with each other and checking the consistency of the decision. In this study, the Nagwan watershed was divided in 21 sub-watershed which varies from 2.34 to 7 km2 and all EHPs of sub-watersheds have been computed using remote sensing and GIS. From the study, it has been observed that best consistency ratio has been found when using 13 parameters that is 9.44 with narrow trapezoidal shape. Each morphometric parameter was ranked with respect to the value and weightage obtained by deriving the relationships between the morphometric parameters obtained through classification of the SW by associating the strength of fuzzy analytical hierarchy processes (FAHP). By this weight, the results revealed that the priorities in five categories, out of 21 sub-watershed 19 and 24% sub-watersheds qualify for very high and high priority, whereas 57% sub-watersheds fall under medium, low and very low priority.
C. D. Mishra; R. K. Jaiswal; A. K. Nema; V. K. Chandola; Arpit Chouksey. Priority Assessment of Sub-watershed Based on Optimum Number of Parameters Using Fuzzy-AHP Decision Support System in the Environment of RS and GIS. Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing 2018, 47, 603 -617.
AMA StyleC. D. Mishra, R. K. Jaiswal, A. K. Nema, V. K. Chandola, Arpit Chouksey. Priority Assessment of Sub-watershed Based on Optimum Number of Parameters Using Fuzzy-AHP Decision Support System in the Environment of RS and GIS. Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing. 2018; 47 (4):603-617.
Chicago/Turabian StyleC. D. Mishra; R. K. Jaiswal; A. K. Nema; V. K. Chandola; Arpit Chouksey. 2018. "Priority Assessment of Sub-watershed Based on Optimum Number of Parameters Using Fuzzy-AHP Decision Support System in the Environment of RS and GIS." Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing 47, no. 4: 603-617.
The monitoring of inland water and continental ice sheets is very important from water management and global climate related studies. The current study utilizes the SGDR data from Saral-Altika during 2013–2017 to estimate and monitor water level in 24 major reservoirs of India. The R2 value for majority of reservoirs was more than 0.99 and RMSE error value also was less than 0.40 m. In addition, wide rivers of India such as Mahanadi River, was also monitored using Altika data covering part of Mahanadi River from Khairmal to Naraj gauging sites during 2013–2016 time period. One dimensional hydro-dynamic (1D-HD) model was setup for this part of river to generate river Discharge at virtual gauge. The part of Antarctic ice sheet South of Indian research station Maitri, East Antarctica, was studied for ice sheet elevation changes using ground based stake network as well as space based altimeter/LIDAR datasets during 2003–2017 time period. 2003–2009 time was used for getting elevation changes using Icesat-1 level 2 altimetry product, and Geophysical Data Record (GDR) data from Altika was used with slope correction from 2013–2016 time period. An extensive network of ground based stake networks were used for validating the derived elevation changes. The ice sheet and glacier line of site velocity was estimated using Sentinel-1 based InSAR data with 6 to 12 day time interval data sets for year 2016 and 2017. The derived glacier velocity was comparable with optical image (Landsat-8) based glacier velocity for same year and also with historical Radarsat-1 based glacier velocity results.
P. K. Thakur; A. Chouksey; P. Kalura; S. Ghosh; P. Dhote; A. Swain; M. Kalia; V. Garg; Bhaskar Nikam; P. Kumar; S. P. Aggarwal; P. Chauhan; A. S. Kumar. INDIAN INLAND WATER AND PARTS OF ANTARCTIC ICE SHEET ELEVATION AND ICE SHEET VELOCITY MONITORING USING ALTIMETRY AND SAR BASED DATASETS. ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences 2018, XLII-5, 367 -373.
AMA StyleP. K. Thakur, A. Chouksey, P. Kalura, S. Ghosh, P. Dhote, A. Swain, M. Kalia, V. Garg, Bhaskar Nikam, P. Kumar, S. P. Aggarwal, P. Chauhan, A. S. Kumar. INDIAN INLAND WATER AND PARTS OF ANTARCTIC ICE SHEET ELEVATION AND ICE SHEET VELOCITY MONITORING USING ALTIMETRY AND SAR BASED DATASETS. ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. 2018; XLII-5 ():367-373.
Chicago/Turabian StyleP. K. Thakur; A. Chouksey; P. Kalura; S. Ghosh; P. Dhote; A. Swain; M. Kalia; V. Garg; Bhaskar Nikam; P. Kumar; S. P. Aggarwal; P. Chauhan; A. S. Kumar. 2018. "INDIAN INLAND WATER AND PARTS OF ANTARCTIC ICE SHEET ELEVATION AND ICE SHEET VELOCITY MONITORING USING ALTIMETRY AND SAR BASED DATASETS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-5, no. : 367-373.
The flood early warning for any country is very important due to possible saving of human life, minimizing economic losses and devising mitigation strategies. The present work highlights the experimental flood early warning study in parts of Beas Basin, India for the monsoon season of 2015. The entire flood early warning was done in three parts. In first part, rainfall forecast for every three days in double nested Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) domain (9 km for outer domain and 3 km for inner domain) was done for North Western Himalaya NWH using National Centres for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Forecasting System (GFS) 0.25 degree data as initialization state. Rainfall forecast was validated using Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) data, the simulation accuracy of WRF in rainfall prediction above 100 mm is about 60%. Rainfall induced flood event of August 05–08, 2015 in Sone River (tributary of Beas River) Basin, near Dharampur, Mandi district of Himachal Pradesh caused very high damages. This event was picked three days in advance by WRF model based rainfall forecast. In second part, mean rainfall at sub-basin scale for hydrological model (HEC-HMS) was estimated from forecasted rainfall at every three hours in netcdf format using python script and flood hydrographs were generated. In third part, flood inundation map was generated using Hydrodynamic (HD) model (MIKE 11) with flood hydrographs as boundary condition to see the probable areas of inundation.
P. R. Dhote; P. K. Thakur; S. P. Aggarwal; V. C. Sharma; V. Garg; Bhaskar Nikam; A. Chouksey. EXPERIMENTAL FLOOD EARLY WARNING SYSTEM IN PARTS OF BEAS BASIN USING INTEGRATION OF WEATHER FORECASTING, HYDROLOGICAL AND HYDRODYNAMIC MODELS. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences 2018, XLII-5, 221 -225.
AMA StyleP. R. Dhote, P. K. Thakur, S. P. Aggarwal, V. C. Sharma, V. Garg, Bhaskar Nikam, A. Chouksey. EXPERIMENTAL FLOOD EARLY WARNING SYSTEM IN PARTS OF BEAS BASIN USING INTEGRATION OF WEATHER FORECASTING, HYDROLOGICAL AND HYDRODYNAMIC MODELS. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. 2018; XLII-5 ():221-225.
Chicago/Turabian StyleP. R. Dhote; P. K. Thakur; S. P. Aggarwal; V. C. Sharma; V. Garg; Bhaskar Nikam; A. Chouksey. 2018. "EXPERIMENTAL FLOOD EARLY WARNING SYSTEM IN PARTS OF BEAS BASIN USING INTEGRATION OF WEATHER FORECASTING, HYDROLOGICAL AND HYDRODYNAMIC MODELS." The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-5, no. : 221-225.
Capacity studies of reservoirs are important to evaluate sedimentation and optimize reservoir operation schedule based on realistic assessment of available storage. Capacity study at regular interval provide information about rate and pattern of sedimentation between various levels, loss of capacity due to sedimentation, remaining time span of reservoir, etc. In the present study, evaluation of revised capacity of Gobind Sagar reservoir in Bilaspur district, Himachal Pradesh, India has been done using Google Earth Engine. Landsat 8 (OLI) data for September 2015 and for the period September 2017 to May 2018 covering full extent of Gobind Sagar reservoir is taken to compute the water spread area of this reservoir at different dates. Subsequently, the reservoir water level and volume of water stored on the corresponding dates is acquired from India-WRIS. By using trapezoidal formula capacity between two elevations is determined using water spread area obtained from Google Earth Engine analysis and elevation data obtained from India-WRIS. The comparison of water spread areas of different water levels, as obtained from remotely sensed data from September 2017 to May, 2018 with those from survey carried out during 1996/97, indicates a reduction in the capacity by 10.71% and sedimentation rate was estimated to be 14.24 Mm3/year.
S. Singh; M. K. Dhasmana; Vaibhav Shrivastava; Vishal Sharma; N. Pokhriyal; P. K. Thakur; S. P. Aggarwal; Bhaskar Nikam; V. Garg; A. Chouksey; P. R. Dhote. ESTIMATION OF REVISED CAPACITY IN GOBIND SAGAR RESERVOIR USING GOOGLE EARTH ENGINE AND GIS. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences 2018, XLII-5, 589 -595.
AMA StyleS. Singh, M. K. Dhasmana, Vaibhav Shrivastava, Vishal Sharma, N. Pokhriyal, P. K. Thakur, S. P. Aggarwal, Bhaskar Nikam, V. Garg, A. Chouksey, P. R. Dhote. ESTIMATION OF REVISED CAPACITY IN GOBIND SAGAR RESERVOIR USING GOOGLE EARTH ENGINE AND GIS. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. 2018; XLII-5 ():589-595.
Chicago/Turabian StyleS. Singh; M. K. Dhasmana; Vaibhav Shrivastava; Vishal Sharma; N. Pokhriyal; P. K. Thakur; S. P. Aggarwal; Bhaskar Nikam; V. Garg; A. Chouksey; P. R. Dhote. 2018. "ESTIMATION OF REVISED CAPACITY IN GOBIND SAGAR RESERVOIR USING GOOGLE EARTH ENGINE AND GIS." The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-5, no. : 589-595.
In India, water resources are managed at different levels, i.e. at central level by Ministry of Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation, Central Water Commission and Central Ground Water Board, at states level by state water resources departments, and at local level by Municipal Corporation and Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs). As per India’s national water policy of year 2012 focuses on adaption to climate change, enhancement of water availability, water demand management by efficient water use practices, management of floods and droughts, water supply and sanitation, trans-boundary rivers, conservation of water bodies and infrastructure, and finally research and training needs for each theme. Geospatial technology has unique role in all aforementioned themes. Therefore, research and training in use of Geospatial Technology (GST) in water sector is needed for each theme at different levels of water administration and water utilisation. The current paper discusses the existing framework and content of capacity building in water sector and geospatial technology in use at various government organizations and institutes. The major gap areas and future capacity building requirements are also highlighted, along with duration and timelines of training/capacity building programs. The use of distance learning/educations tools, social media, and e-learning are also highlighted in promoting use of GST in water sector. The emerging technological trends such as, new remote sensing sensors for measuring water cycle components, ground sensors based field instruments, cloud based data integration and computational models, webGIS based water information portals and training needs of new technologies are also emphasised.
P. K. Thakur; S. P. Aggarwal; Bhaskar Nikam; V. Garg; A. Chouksey; P. R. Dhote. TRAINING, EDUCATION, RESEARCH AND CAPACITY BUILDING NEEDS AND FUTURE REQUIREMENTS IN APPLICATIONS OF GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGY FOR WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences 2018, XLII-5, 29 -36.
AMA StyleP. K. Thakur, S. P. Aggarwal, Bhaskar Nikam, V. Garg, A. Chouksey, P. R. Dhote. TRAINING, EDUCATION, RESEARCH AND CAPACITY BUILDING NEEDS AND FUTURE REQUIREMENTS IN APPLICATIONS OF GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGY FOR WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. 2018; XLII-5 ():29-36.
Chicago/Turabian StyleP. K. Thakur; S. P. Aggarwal; Bhaskar Nikam; V. Garg; A. Chouksey; P. R. Dhote. 2018. "TRAINING, EDUCATION, RESEARCH AND CAPACITY BUILDING NEEDS AND FUTURE REQUIREMENTS IN APPLICATIONS OF GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGY FOR WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT." The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-5, no. : 29-36.
The seasonal snow cover and permanent ice in form of Himalayan glaciers provide fresh water to many perineal rivers of Himalayas. The melt water from seasonal snow and glaciers, especially during of 15 March to 15 June acts as important source of water for drinking, hydropower and irrigation requirements of many areas in North India. This work has highlights the use of C-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data from RISAT-1, Sentinel-1A and 1B satellites and ALOS-PALSAR-2 PolInSAR data for snow cover and glacier dynamics study for parts of North West Himalaya. Glacier velocity was derived using InSAR based method using 6 day temporal interval images from Sentinel-1 satellites and 14 day interval for PALSAR-2 satellite. High coherence was obtained for main glacier in both the data sets, which resulted accurate line of site (LOS) glacier velocity estimates for test glaciers. These InSAR data glacier velocity results are obtained after a gap of 21 years. Glacier facies was estimated using multi-temporal SAR image composition based classification. All these maps were verified by extensive ground surveys done at these sites during 2014–2017. The time series data of C-band SAR in VV/VH polarisation was also used to map snow cover in test basins of Bhagirathi and Beas River. The VV/VH data clearly shows difference between dry and wet snow, thus helping in improved snow cover mapping using SAR data. This study will help in refining algorithms to be used for such studies using upcoming NASA-ISRO SAR (NISAR) mission.
P. K. Thakur; V. Garg; Bhaskar Nikam; S. Singh; A. Chouksey; P. R. Dhote; S. P. Aggarwal; P. Chauhan; A. S. Kumar; Jasmine. SNOW COVER AND GLACIER DYNAMICS STUDY USING C-AND L-BAND SAR DATASETS IN PARTS OF NORTH WEST HIMALAYA. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences 2018, XLII-5, 375 -382.
AMA StyleP. K. Thakur, V. Garg, Bhaskar Nikam, S. Singh, A. Chouksey, P. R. Dhote, S. P. Aggarwal, P. Chauhan, A. S. Kumar, Jasmine. SNOW COVER AND GLACIER DYNAMICS STUDY USING C-AND L-BAND SAR DATASETS IN PARTS OF NORTH WEST HIMALAYA. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. 2018; XLII-5 ():375-382.
Chicago/Turabian StyleP. K. Thakur; V. Garg; Bhaskar Nikam; S. Singh; A. Chouksey; P. R. Dhote; S. P. Aggarwal; P. Chauhan; A. S. Kumar; Jasmine. 2018. "SNOW COVER AND GLACIER DYNAMICS STUDY USING C-AND L-BAND SAR DATASETS IN PARTS OF NORTH WEST HIMALAYA." The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-5, no. : 375-382.
Water is a very crucial element to sustain life on earth. The availability of water varies both spatially and temporally. India being a water stress country, the per capita availability of water is reducing with time. It is predicted that by 2050 around 54% of the country will be water scarce. The changing climate along with the ever-increasing population is putting additional stress on water availability. The science of water, its availability and distribution on earth and its atmosphere, is generally regarded as hydrology. The important aspects of hydrology and hydraulic or more broadly water resources are taught as the subject or optional subjects the branch of Civil Engineering at almost all engineering institutes/colleges at the undergraduate level. It is also one of the specializations for post-graduate level studies. It is, by now, well proven that the geospatial technology play crucial role in water resources assessment, planning and management. However, the young minds (graduate and post-graduate students) are just being trained for typical hydrology using traditional means and approaches. The advancement and potential of geospatial technology has drawn the attention of academician, and it has been started as a subject mostly at the post-graduate courses. Recently, some of the institutions have started courses on geo-informatics at the graduate level. However, the hydrology and geospatial technology are generally taught as two separate subjects under different course at different levels mostly under the broad subject of Civil Engineering. The present paper emphasis on needs and ways of updating Civil Engineering course curriculum by focusing on incorporation of applications of geospatial technology in hydrology as regular subject.
V. Garg; Bhaskar Nikam; P. K. Thakur; S. P. Aggarwal; A. Chouksey; P. R. Dhote. IMPORTANCE OF INCORPORATION OF GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS IN WATER RESOURCES AT GRADUATE AND POST-GRADUATE COURSES OF CIVIL ENGINEERING. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences 2018, XLII-5, 111 -116.
AMA StyleV. Garg, Bhaskar Nikam, P. K. Thakur, S. P. Aggarwal, A. Chouksey, P. R. Dhote. IMPORTANCE OF INCORPORATION OF GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS IN WATER RESOURCES AT GRADUATE AND POST-GRADUATE COURSES OF CIVIL ENGINEERING. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. 2018; XLII-5 ():111-116.
Chicago/Turabian StyleV. Garg; Bhaskar Nikam; P. K. Thakur; S. P. Aggarwal; A. Chouksey; P. R. Dhote. 2018. "IMPORTANCE OF INCORPORATION OF GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS IN WATER RESOURCES AT GRADUATE AND POST-GRADUATE COURSES OF CIVIL ENGINEERING." The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-5, no. : 111-116.
Extreme precipitation events are responsible for major floods in any part of the world. In recent years, simulations and projection of weather conditions to future, with Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models like Weather Research and Forecast (WRF), has become an imperative component of research in the field of atmospheric science and hydrology. The validation of modelled forecast is thus have become matter of paramount importance in case of forecasting. This study delivers an all-inclusive assessment of 5 high spatial resolution gridded precipitation products including satellite data products and also climate reanalysis product as compared to WRF precipitation product. The study was performed in river basins of North Western Himalaya (NWH) in India. Performance of WRF model is evaluated by comparing with observational gridded (0.25° × 0.25°) precipitation data from Indian Meteorological Department (IMD). Other products include TRMM Multi Satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) 3B42-v7 product (0.25° × 0.25°) and Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) product (0.1° × 0.1°). Moreover, climate reanalysis rainfall product from ERA Interim is also used. Bias, Mean Absolute Error, Root Mean Square Error, False Alarm Ratio (FAR), Probability of False Detection (POFD), and Probability of Detection (POD) were calculated with particular rainfall thresholds. TRMM and GPM products were found to be sufficiently close to the observations. All products showed better performance in the low altitude areas i.e. in planes of Upper Ganga and Yamuna basin and Indus basin, and increase in error as topographical variation increases. This study can be used for identifying suitability of WRF forecast data and assessing performance of other rainfall datasets as well.
A. Roy; P. K. Thakur; N. Pokhriyal; S. P. Aggarwal; Bhaskar Nikam; V. Garg; P. R. Dhote; A. Choksey. INTERCOMPARISON OF DIFFERENT RAINFALL PRODUCTS AND VALIDATION OF WRF MODELLED RAINFALL ESTIMATION IN N-W HIMALAYA DURING MONSOON PERIOD. ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences 2018, IV-5, 351 -358.
AMA StyleA. Roy, P. K. Thakur, N. Pokhriyal, S. P. Aggarwal, Bhaskar Nikam, V. Garg, P. R. Dhote, A. Choksey. INTERCOMPARISON OF DIFFERENT RAINFALL PRODUCTS AND VALIDATION OF WRF MODELLED RAINFALL ESTIMATION IN N-W HIMALAYA DURING MONSOON PERIOD. ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. 2018; IV-5 ():351-358.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. Roy; P. K. Thakur; N. Pokhriyal; S. P. Aggarwal; Bhaskar Nikam; V. Garg; P. R. Dhote; A. Choksey. 2018. "INTERCOMPARISON OF DIFFERENT RAINFALL PRODUCTS AND VALIDATION OF WRF MODELLED RAINFALL ESTIMATION IN N-W HIMALAYA DURING MONSOON PERIOD." ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences IV-5, no. : 351-358.
Drought is a recurring climatic event characterized by slow onset, a gradual increase in its intensity, and persistence for a long period depending upon the availability of water. Droughts, broadly classified into meteorological, hydrological and agricultural drought, which are interconnected to each other. India, being an agriculture based economy depends primarily on agriculture production for its economic development and stability. The occurrence of agriculture drought affects the agricultural yield, which affects the regional economy to a larger extent. In present study, agricultural and meteorological drought in Maharashtra state was monitored using traditional as well as remote sensing methods. The meteorological drought assessment and characterization is done using two standard meteorological drought indices viz. standard precipitation index (SPI) and effective drought index (EDI). The severity and persistency of meteorological drought were studied using SPI for the period 1901 to 2015. However, accuracy of SPI in detection of sub-monthly drought is limited. Therefore, sub-monthly drought is effectively monitored using EDI. The monthly and sub-monthly drought mapped using SPI and EDI, respectively were then compared and assessed. It was concluded that EDI serves as a better indicator to monitor sub-monthly droughts. The agricultural drought monitoring was carried out using the remote sensing based indices such as vegetation condition index (VCI), temperature condition index (TCI), vegetation health index (VHI), shortwave angle slope index (SASI) and the index which maps the agricultural drought in a better way was identified. The area under drought as calculated by various agricultural drought indices compared with that of the EDI, it was found that the results of SASI matched with results of EDI. SASI denotes different values for the dry and wet soil and for the healthy and sparse vegetation. SASI monitors the agricultural drought better as compared to other indices used in this study.
P. V. Aswathi; Bhaskar Nikam; A. Chouksey; S. P. Aggarwal. ASSESSMENT AND MONITORING OF AGRICULTURAL DROUGHTS IN MAHARASHTRA USING METEOROLOGICAL AND REMOTE SENSING BASED INDICES. ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences 2018, IV-5, 253 -264.
AMA StyleP. V. Aswathi, Bhaskar Nikam, A. Chouksey, S. P. Aggarwal. ASSESSMENT AND MONITORING OF AGRICULTURAL DROUGHTS IN MAHARASHTRA USING METEOROLOGICAL AND REMOTE SENSING BASED INDICES. ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. 2018; IV-5 ():253-264.
Chicago/Turabian StyleP. V. Aswathi; Bhaskar Nikam; A. Chouksey; S. P. Aggarwal. 2018. "ASSESSMENT AND MONITORING OF AGRICULTURAL DROUGHTS IN MAHARASHTRA USING METEOROLOGICAL AND REMOTE SENSING BASED INDICES." ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences IV-5, no. : 253-264.
Northwest Himalaya (NWH) has unique topographical and climate settings which makes this area prone to various types of hydrometeorological hazards such as flash floods, hail storms, glacier lake outburst floods, avalanches and mudflows. These hazards have high probability of turning into natural disasters if proper planning of natural resources, infrastructure and man-made structures is not done. Floods of June 2013 in Uttarakhand (Dobhal et al. 2013; Thakur et al. 2014) and 2014 floods of Srinagar (Bhatt et al. 2016) are prime examples of such hazards turning into the major disasters. Northwest Himalayan states in the last few years have experienced large number of hydrometeorological disasters such as high-intensity precipitation, cloud burst and subsequent flash flooding in downstream areas, snow avalanches, glacier lake outburst floods (GLOF), hail storms, drought and rainfall-induced mudflows (Kumar et al. 2015; Gupta et al. 2013; Kumar et al. 2012; Rana et al. 2012). This chapter gives an overview of various hydrometeorological hazards which are reoccurring in NWH and provides insights in few such hazards by providing some actual case studies related to such hazards.
Praveen K. Thakur; S. P. Aggarwal; Pankaj Dhote; Bhaskar R. Nikam; Vaibhav Garg; Cm Bhatt; Arpit Chouksey; Ashutosh Jha. Hydrometeorological Hazards Mapping, Monitoring and Modelling. Remote Sensing of Northwest Himalayan Ecosystems 2018, 139 -169.
AMA StylePraveen K. Thakur, S. P. Aggarwal, Pankaj Dhote, Bhaskar R. Nikam, Vaibhav Garg, Cm Bhatt, Arpit Chouksey, Ashutosh Jha. Hydrometeorological Hazards Mapping, Monitoring and Modelling. Remote Sensing of Northwest Himalayan Ecosystems. 2018; ():139-169.
Chicago/Turabian StylePraveen K. Thakur; S. P. Aggarwal; Pankaj Dhote; Bhaskar R. Nikam; Vaibhav Garg; Cm Bhatt; Arpit Chouksey; Ashutosh Jha. 2018. "Hydrometeorological Hazards Mapping, Monitoring and Modelling." Remote Sensing of Northwest Himalayan Ecosystems , no. : 139-169.
A watershed is an area of land from which all rain water drains to a common location. In their natural state, streams and their associated floodplains provide a variety of important functions including the movement of water and sediment, storage of flood waters, recharge of groundwater, treatment of pollutants, dynamic stability, and habitat diversity. Disturbances to this system, either natural or human-induced, places stress on the system and has the potential to alter structure and/or impair the ability of the stream to perform ecological functions. Water conservation structures are helpful in maintaining the desired flow requirement and sediment yield within the watershed area. In this study, Jonk River, a tributary of Mahanadi basin has been selected to assess the impact of conservation structures for disaster risk reduction, sustainable agriculture and rural development. The outlet of Jonk River is located near Rampur in Chhattisgarh. Total area of the watershed is computed as 3424 km2. Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) has been used to calculate the discharge and sediment flow on daily and monthly basis for the year of 2001 considering two case scenarios i.e. with and without ponds as conservation structure (20 ponds in the villages are considered along the buffer area of the centreline of jonk river). The simulated discharge and sediment flow data has been compared with the observed data and the correlation coefficient is found to be 0.84 & 0.77 respectively. The annual discharge and sediment flow value in “with pond scenario” has been detected to be reduced by 69.27 and 64.10% respectively. The results observed in the present work can be used for site suitability analysis of soil and water conservation structures in the areas those are prone to soil erosion and floods. The study also reveals that the applications of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Geospatial Data Management can be used efficiently for watershed management and rural development.
Vinit Lambey; A. D. Prasad; Arpit Chouksey; Indrajeet Sahu. Impact of Water Conservation Structures on Hydrology of a Watershed for Rural Development. Proceedings of the 28th International Symposium on Mine Planning and Equipment Selection - MPES 2019 2018, 739 -750.
AMA StyleVinit Lambey, A. D. Prasad, Arpit Chouksey, Indrajeet Sahu. Impact of Water Conservation Structures on Hydrology of a Watershed for Rural Development. Proceedings of the 28th International Symposium on Mine Planning and Equipment Selection - MPES 2019. 2018; ():739-750.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVinit Lambey; A. D. Prasad; Arpit Chouksey; Indrajeet Sahu. 2018. "Impact of Water Conservation Structures on Hydrology of a Watershed for Rural Development." Proceedings of the 28th International Symposium on Mine Planning and Equipment Selection - MPES 2019 , no. : 739-750.
Monitoring and assessment of hydrological parameters are the key elements for the sustainable development of water resources of any country. The various components of the hydrological cycle also known as hydrological parameters are highly dynamic in space and time. Quantification of hydrological parameters using traditional methods provides limited, point based, information which is not sufficient for assessing spatio-temporal variations in these parameters. Satellite based remote sensing has proven its usefulness in effective mapping/retrieval and monitoring of hydrological parameters such as precipitation, interception, soil moisture, surface runoff, water level and river flow, evapotranspiration, change in terrestrial water storage, etc. This review paper highlights the major work done in India for estimation of hydrological parameters using remote sensing. The basics of retrieval techniques, their applications in India, their validation and limitations are discussed in this paper. The progress of each technique from conventional optical remote sensing based to advance microwave remote sensing based hydrological parameters estimation has been presented. The integration of remote sensing derived hydrological parameters in water balance and land surface model is also presented.
Praveen Kumar Thakur; Bhaskar Ramchandra Nikam; Vaibhav Garg; Shiv Prasad Aggarwal; Arpit Chouksey; Pankaj Ramji Dhote; Surajit Ghosh. Hydrological Parameters Estimation Using Remote Sensing and GIS for Indian Region: A Review. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section A: Physical Sciences 2017, 87, 641 -659.
AMA StylePraveen Kumar Thakur, Bhaskar Ramchandra Nikam, Vaibhav Garg, Shiv Prasad Aggarwal, Arpit Chouksey, Pankaj Ramji Dhote, Surajit Ghosh. Hydrological Parameters Estimation Using Remote Sensing and GIS for Indian Region: A Review. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section A: Physical Sciences. 2017; 87 (4):641-659.
Chicago/Turabian StylePraveen Kumar Thakur; Bhaskar Ramchandra Nikam; Vaibhav Garg; Shiv Prasad Aggarwal; Arpit Chouksey; Pankaj Ramji Dhote; Surajit Ghosh. 2017. "Hydrological Parameters Estimation Using Remote Sensing and GIS for Indian Region: A Review." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section A: Physical Sciences 87, no. 4: 641-659.
This study introduces about the parameterization of hydrological modelling for Asan and Song river basin the whole Doon Valley. SWAT an empirical hydrological model, VIC a physical hydrological model and HEC-HMS a semi distributed hydrological model are used for flood peak generation at predetermined locations. The land cover mapping of Doon Valley was attempted using remotely sensed images of Landsat and Google Earth imagery. The specific objectives are hydrological modelling for peak flow hydrograph generation, to observe LULC change scenarios between 1995, 2005 and 2014 year, comparison and validation of the simulated runoff using three different hydrological models (VIC, SWAT and HEC-HMS). The VIC model performance was found good and a close agreement between the observed and simulated values was obtained for 2014 LULC map. Model performance was also found good for other subbasins. The various input parameters are the meteorological data, discharge and sediment data were processed as per requirement of the SWAT model. The model was calibrated for the year 2006 to 2010. The Hydrological modeling indicates that the curve number is most influence parameter into the total discharge. Land use and vegetative cover play an important role in watershed runoff and stream flow discharge patterns over time, including peak flows. Increased human interventions have caused rapid transitions in land cover, adversely affecting the watershed processes and hydrological cycle in the long run. It may be concluded that the impact of land cover changes are most pronounced during low flows and that during high flows, role of land cover becomes comparatively less. Keywords: Coefficient of determination; Hydrological modelling; HEC-HMS; LULC; SWAT; VIC Google Scholar
Arnab Saha; Praveen K. Thakur; Arpit Chouksey. Hydrological Simulation using Process Based and Empirical Models for Flood Peak Estimation. International Journal of Advanced Remote Sensing and GIS 2017, 6, 2253 -2266.
AMA StyleArnab Saha, Praveen K. Thakur, Arpit Chouksey. Hydrological Simulation using Process Based and Empirical Models for Flood Peak Estimation. International Journal of Advanced Remote Sensing and GIS. 2017; 6 (1):2253-2266.
Chicago/Turabian StyleArnab Saha; Praveen K. Thakur; Arpit Chouksey. 2017. "Hydrological Simulation using Process Based and Empirical Models for Flood Peak Estimation." International Journal of Advanced Remote Sensing and GIS 6, no. 1: 2253-2266.
Hydrological processes are complex to compute in hilly areas when compared to plain areas. The governing processes behind runoff generation on hillslopes are subsurface storm flow, saturation excess flow, overland flow, return flow and pipe storage. The simulations of the above processes in the soil matrix require detailed hillslope hydrological modelling. In the present study, a hillslope experimental plot has been designed to study the runoff generation processes on the plot scale. The setup is designed keeping in view the natural hillslope conditions prevailing in the Northwestern Himalayas, India where high intensity rainfall events occur frequently. A rainfall simulator was installed over the experimental hillslope plot to generate rainfall with an intensity of 100 mm/h, which represents the dominating rainfall intensity range in the region. Soil moisture sensors were also installed at variable depths from 100 to 1000 mm at different locations of the plot to observe the soil moisture regime. From the experimental observations it was found that once the soil is saturated, it remains at field capacity for the next 24–36 h. Such antecedent moisture conditions are most favorable for the generation of rapid stormflow from hillslopes. A dye infiltration test was performed on the undisturbed soil column to observe the macropore fraction variability over the vegetated hillslopes. The estimated macropore fractions are used as essential input for the hillslope hydrological model. The main objective of the present study was to develop and test a method for estimating runoff responses from natural rainfall over hillslopes of the Northwestern Himalayas using a portable rainfall simulator. Using the experimental data and the developed conceptual model, the overland flow and the subsurface flow through a macropore-dominated area have been estimated/analyzed. The surface and subsurface runoff estimated using the developed hillslope hydrological model compared well with the observed surface runoff for a rainfall intensity of 100 mm/h. The surface runoff hydrograph was very well predicted by the model, with correlation coefficient (R2) and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (E) as 0.95 and 0.91, respectively. The observed soil/macropore storage component was estimated with the help of water balance equation and compared with the model predicted macropore storage. The error in computing the soil/macropore storage was estimated as 0.38 mm i.e., 13%.
Arpit Chouksey; Vinit Lambey; Bhaskar R. Nikam; Shiv Prasad Aggarwal; Subashisa Dutta. Hydrological Modelling Using a Rainfall Simulator over an Experimental Hillslope Plot. Hydrology 2017, 4, 17 .
AMA StyleArpit Chouksey, Vinit Lambey, Bhaskar R. Nikam, Shiv Prasad Aggarwal, Subashisa Dutta. Hydrological Modelling Using a Rainfall Simulator over an Experimental Hillslope Plot. Hydrology. 2017; 4 (1):17.
Chicago/Turabian StyleArpit Chouksey; Vinit Lambey; Bhaskar R. Nikam; Shiv Prasad Aggarwal; Subashisa Dutta. 2017. "Hydrological Modelling Using a Rainfall Simulator over an Experimental Hillslope Plot." Hydrology 4, no. 1: 17.
Praveen K. Thakur; Arpit Chouksey; S. P. Aggarwal; A. Senthil Kumar. Polar Ice Sheet and Glacier Studies-Indian Efforts in last Five Years. Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy 2017, 90, 1 .
AMA StylePraveen K. Thakur, Arpit Chouksey, S. P. Aggarwal, A. Senthil Kumar. Polar Ice Sheet and Glacier Studies-Indian Efforts in last Five Years. Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy. 2017; 90 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StylePraveen K. Thakur; Arpit Chouksey; S. P. Aggarwal; A. Senthil Kumar. 2017. "Polar Ice Sheet and Glacier Studies-Indian Efforts in last Five Years." Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy 90, no. : 1.