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Model-based Systems Engineering (MBSE) approaches are a step forward in the evolution of computer-aided engineering, and yet, they often incorporate deficiencies that may jeopardize their practical utility and usability, as well as the validity of the resulting models. We demonstrate how a domain-specific modeling approach can relieve some hurdles in adopting MBSE, and how it can be used in tandem with a general-purpose modeling approach to augment and introduce rigor to models. Specifically, we demonstrate the consequences of theoretical issues that were previously identified in Object Process Methodology and suggest an approach to solve them. We use a generalized case-study—derived from extensive process modeling in both academia and industry—to show that a domain-specific model can significantly relax the user’s modeling effort. This demonstration is based on two quantitative metrics: the number of representational elements and available modeling tactics. We discuss the contribution of our approach to model quality, particularly with respect to its rigor and communicability.
Avi Shaked; Yoram Reich. Using Domain-Specific Models to Facilitate Model-Based Systems-Engineering: Development Process Design Modeling with OPM and PROVE. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 1532 .
AMA StyleAvi Shaked, Yoram Reich. Using Domain-Specific Models to Facilitate Model-Based Systems-Engineering: Development Process Design Modeling with OPM and PROVE. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (4):1532.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAvi Shaked; Yoram Reich. 2021. "Using Domain-Specific Models to Facilitate Model-Based Systems-Engineering: Development Process Design Modeling with OPM and PROVE." Applied Sciences 11, no. 4: 1532.
The COVID-19 pandemic caught hospitals unprepared. The need to treat patients remotely and with limited resources led hospitals to identify a gap in their operational situational awareness. During the pandemic, Israeli Aerospace Industries helped hospitals to address the gap by designing a system to support their effective operation, management and decision making. In this paper, we report on the development of a functional, working prototype of the system using model-based engineering approach and tools. Our approach relies on domain-specific modeling, incorporating metamodeling and domain-specific representations based on the problem domain’s ontology. The tools practiced are those embedded into the Eclipse Modeling Framework—specifically, Ecore Tools and Sirius. While these technological tools are typically used to create dedicated, engineering-related modeling tools, in this work, we use them to create a functional system prototype. We discuss the advantages of our approach as well as the challenges with respect to the existing tools and their underlying technology. Based on the reported experience, we encourage practitioners to adopt model-based engineering as an effective way to develop systems. Furthermore, we call researchers and tool developers to improve the state-of-the-art as well as the existing implementations of pertinent tools to support model-based rapid prototyping.
Avi Shaked. Modeling for Rapid Systems Prototyping: Hospital Situational Awareness System Design. Systems 2021, 9, 12 .
AMA StyleAvi Shaked. Modeling for Rapid Systems Prototyping: Hospital Situational Awareness System Design. Systems. 2021; 9 (1):12.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAvi Shaked. 2021. "Modeling for Rapid Systems Prototyping: Hospital Situational Awareness System Design." Systems 9, no. 1: 12.
The planning of system development efforts is crucial to the successful realization of projects. However, development planning typically lacks systematic, engineering discipline, and consequently risks project and business success. Model-based process design is a potential information systems approach to addressing the increasing complexity of such planning. We characterize the ontology of development process design, based on real-life observations and scientific publications. We then synthesize the required ontology with the desirable characteristics of models, and derive key requirements for model-based development process design. Next, these requirements are used to evaluate the adequacy of three prominent, standardized model-based process design approaches—BPMN, OPM and SPEM. The findings reveal that the surveyed models are a partial fit, and do not promote sound process design. Finally, by generalizing the categorical evaluation results, possible root causes for the identified inadequacies are proposed. A new model design, which should rely on the formulated requirements set, is called for, in pursuit of a wider adoption of model-based design paradigms and better information systems realization to support the development of complex systems.
Avi Shaked; Yoram Reich. Requirements for Model-Based Development Process Design and Compliance of Standardized Models. Systems 2021, 9, 3 .
AMA StyleAvi Shaked, Yoram Reich. Requirements for Model-Based Development Process Design and Compliance of Standardized Models. Systems. 2021; 9 (1):3.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAvi Shaked; Yoram Reich. 2021. "Requirements for Model-Based Development Process Design and Compliance of Standardized Models." Systems 9, no. 1: 3.
Achieving cyber resilient critical infrastructure poses a significant engineering management challenge. Society relies on infrastructure and services that extend beyond the managerial boundaries of a specific organizational entity, yet existing cybersecurity maturity models typically aim to assess a single organization. We offer a systems thinking approach to cyber resilience. Specifically, we relate to critical infrastructure and services in their sectoral system context, reimagining them as a system of systems. We then suggest exploring cyber resilience as a system property, with its expressions relating to the multiple dimensions of operation of the sector and to the different domains of practice. We discuss the dimensions of operation and domains of practice concepts that are embedded into a sectoral cyber resilience maturity model, which is under development. We demonstrate how these concepts frame a set of expressions that is designed to probe the sectoral design space; and propose how they may be further used as design considerations for improving the sector's cyber resilience.
Avi Shaked; Lior Tabansky; Yoram Reich. Incorporating Systems Thinking Into a Cyber Resilience Maturity Model. IEEE Engineering Management Review 2020, 49, 110 -115.
AMA StyleAvi Shaked, Lior Tabansky, Yoram Reich. Incorporating Systems Thinking Into a Cyber Resilience Maturity Model. IEEE Engineering Management Review. 2020; 49 (2):110-115.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAvi Shaked; Lior Tabansky; Yoram Reich. 2020. "Incorporating Systems Thinking Into a Cyber Resilience Maturity Model." IEEE Engineering Management Review 49, no. 2: 110-115.
In research, process descriptions provide causal mechanisms and context as a basis for establishing phenomena and enabling reproducibility and generalization, and are therefore considered essential to scientific progress. Process descriptions are a principle form of describing systems. However, process descriptions are typically unstructured and complex, presenting challenges with respect to the assessment of their quality, and eventually to their usability. Inspired by modern systems engineering approaches, we propose a model-based analysis approach to analyze complex process descriptions, and consequently improve the communicability and the applicability of said processes. We apply the approach to real-life case studies, and detail its contribution. Finally, we discuss how using the model-based approach can promote the quality of research-related process descriptions, specifically for supporting evaluation of research publications as well as for describing processes by the researchers themselves.
Avi Shaked; Yoram Reich. Improving Process Descriptions in Research by Model-Based Analysis. IEEE Systems Journal 2020, 15, 435 -444.
AMA StyleAvi Shaked, Yoram Reich. Improving Process Descriptions in Research by Model-Based Analysis. IEEE Systems Journal. 2020; 15 (1):435-444.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAvi Shaked; Yoram Reich. 2020. "Improving Process Descriptions in Research by Model-Based Analysis." IEEE Systems Journal 15, no. 1: 435-444.
As manmade systems become increasingly complex and evolve into Systems of Systems of various kinds, a multitude of tasks needs to be performed in coordination throughout their development. In this paper, we briefly introduce a new modeling framework that was designed following systems engineering principles and based on extensive research of development efforts characteristics. We focus on the framework's ability to support the design of development processes while addressing Systems of Systems‐related challenges. We then describe a case study of using this framework to introduce a new capability into a large enterprise, which specializes in systems and System of Systems development. The example demonstrates the utility of using this framework for planning complex development efforts as well as improving the coordination of multiple development efforts in System of Systems development scenarios.
Avi Shaked; Yoram Reich. Designing development processes related to system of systems using a modeling framework. Systems Engineering 2019, 22, 561 -575.
AMA StyleAvi Shaked, Yoram Reich. Designing development processes related to system of systems using a modeling framework. Systems Engineering. 2019; 22 (6):561-575.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAvi Shaked; Yoram Reich. 2019. "Designing development processes related to system of systems using a modeling framework." Systems Engineering 22, no. 6: 561-575.
Avi Shaked; Yoram Reich. Improving Coordination and Collaboration in Connected and Automated Vehicle Development Projects Using Model Based Process Design. SAE Technical Paper Series 2019, 1 .
AMA StyleAvi Shaked, Yoram Reich. Improving Coordination and Collaboration in Connected and Automated Vehicle Development Projects Using Model Based Process Design. SAE Technical Paper Series. 2019; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAvi Shaked; Yoram Reich. 2019. "Improving Coordination and Collaboration in Connected and Automated Vehicle Development Projects Using Model Based Process Design." SAE Technical Paper Series , no. : 1.
As manmade systems become increasingly complex, a multitude of tasks needs to be performed in coordination throughout their development lifecycle. In this paper, we introduce a new framework - consisting of a method and a modeling notation - that can facilitate development planning within an organization and/or project, as well as improve the coordination of multiple development efforts in System of Systems development. Then, we describe a real life application of this framework to an organizational process and policy design situation of introducing intellectual property governance into a large enterprise which specializes in systems development.
Avi Shaked; Yoram Reich. A Framework for Development Process Design and its use for Establishing Intellectual Property Governance : Introduction of the PROVE framework using a case study. 2018 13th Annual Conference on System of Systems Engineering (SoSE) 2018, 22 -28.
AMA StyleAvi Shaked, Yoram Reich. A Framework for Development Process Design and its use for Establishing Intellectual Property Governance : Introduction of the PROVE framework using a case study. 2018 13th Annual Conference on System of Systems Engineering (SoSE). 2018; ():22-28.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAvi Shaked; Yoram Reich. 2018. "A Framework for Development Process Design and its use for Establishing Intellectual Property Governance : Introduction of the PROVE framework using a case study." 2018 13th Annual Conference on System of Systems Engineering (SoSE) , no. : 22-28.