A hemisynthesis 'in situ' reaction of (thio)barbituric acids with an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde using perillaldehyde from Ammodaucus leucotrichus essential oil, afforded chromeno-pyrimidine derivatives B-1 and B-2. The reaction was carried out in water and water/ethanol medium without a catalyst. The obtained pyrimidines were identified by their spectral ¹H,¹³C, Dept-135, HMBC, HSQC, COSY, and NOESY 2D. The antioxidant activity of both compounds was evaluated using different in vitro methods (DPPH, ABTS, and CUPRAC). The hemisynthesized molecules exhibited a bacteriostatic effect against ten tested gram (+) and gram (-) strains. According to the molecular docking analysis, B-1 showed lower binding energies compared to B-2 against (PDB: 1HD2) and (PDB: 1KZN) targets, which is in agreement with the ABTS and E. Coli assays. Furthermore, a probable promising anti-HIV activity was noticed against reverse transcriptase (PDB: 2RKI), a key enzyme for HIV replication. The ADME properties calculations showed no Lipinski's rule violation for both compounds.

In this work, we synthesized the Co_0.85Bi_0.15Fe_1.9X_0.1O₄ (X = Ce³⁺, Sm³⁺, Ho³⁺, and Er³⁺) nanoparticles via the auto-combustion method. The cell viability against two breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231 and T-47D cells) and the PC3 prostate cancer cells were carefully analyzed and correlated with the structural parameters and particle size values as well as the chemical composition. The produced compounds’ morphological and structural characteristics were performed using scanning transmission microscopy (TEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). For all compounds, the analyses of the XRD experimental data revealed a structurally reversed cubic spinel with space group Fd-3m. All of the compounds had crystallites smaller than 45 nm which concorded well with the particle size values deduced from TEM images. Co_0.85Bi_0.15Fe_1.9Ho_0.1O₄ nanoparticles induced a high mortality of breast and prostate cancer cells (MDA-MB-231, T-47D, and PC3) while the Co_0.85Bi_0.15Fe_1.9Sm_0.1O₄ compound (higher particle size) reduced almost 35% of MDA-MB-231 cancer cells. With very low cytotoxicity against normal human cells, the Co_0.85Bi_0.15Fe_1.9Ho_0.1O₄ nanoparticles play a significant role in the elimination of cancer cells.

Seaweeds are widely recognized as valuable sources of bioactive secondary metabolites with significant medicinal and industrial potential. The biological properties of the brown seaweed Stypocaulon scoparium crude extract were investigated. An algal sample was collected from the coastal region of Tipaza, Algeria, and the extract was evaluated for total polyphenol and flavonoid contents, and antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. The extract is rich in polyphenols and flavonoids, exhibiting strong antioxidant capacity. It showed notable antimicrobial activity was observed against various pathogens, with pronounced strong antifungal efficacy, and significantly reduced MCF7 breast cancer cell viability, indicating anticancer potential. Anti-inflammatory activity was demonstrated by inhibition of protein denaturation, with the extract exhibiting a distinct concentration-dependent effect. In summary, Stypocaulon scoparium was identified as a promising source of bioactive compounds. However, further investigations are required to elucidate their mechanisms of action and to validate their pharmaceutical applications.