The current problem of packets generation and transformation around the world is router congestion, which then leads to a decline in the network performance in term of queuing delay (D) and packet loss (P_L). The existing active queue management (AQM) algorithms do not optimize the network performance because these algorithms use static techniques for detecting and reacting to congestion at the router buffer. In this paper, a weight queue active queue management (WQDAQM) based on dynamic monitoring and reacting is proposed. Queue weight and the thresholds are dynamically adjusted based on the traffic load. WQDAQM controls the queue within the router buffer by stabilizing the queue weight between two thresholds dynamically. The WQDAQM algorithm is simulated and compared with the existing active queue management algorithms. The results reveal that the proposed method demonstrates better performance in terms mean queue length, D, P_L, and dropping probability, compared to gentle random early detection (GRED), dynamic GRED, and stabilized dynamic GRED in both heavy or no-congestion cases. In detail, in a heavy congestion status, the proposed algorithm overperformed dynamic GRED (DGRED) by 13.3%, GRED by 19.2%, stabilized dynamic GRED (SDGRED) by 6.7% in term of mean queue length (mql). In terms of D in a heavy congestion status, the proposed algorithm overperformed DGRED by 13.3%, GRED by 19.3%, SDGRED by 6.3%. As for P_L, the proposed algorithm overperformed DGRED by 15.5%, SDGRED by 19.8%, GRED by 86.3% in term of P_L.

Waste Management System (WMS) is applied in smart cities and is supported by the Internet of Things (IoT). WMS involves several responsibilities, such as collection, disposal, and utilization of waste in relevant facilities. Efficient waste management has a considerable impact on the quality of life of citizens in smart cities. The interaction between wireless sensor networks and mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) with IoT provides excellent mobility for users, and reduces the deployment costs of networks. Data transfer via the intermediate connected devices must be maintained to shorten the distance between the devices. Intelligent routing algorithm is proposed to find efficient paths that comply with the WMS requirement constraints and avoid invalid paths that cause increased computation time. Chromosome intersection operation on genetic-based routing algorithm, intersection activation function, and intersection node table are proposed to avoid the similarity and redundancy of generated paths and keep the validity of the paths. This study improves the path finding, obtains good results, and increases the rate of efficient paths. Results show that the selected path is efficient in terms of distance, number of hops and number of iterations by using the proposed method. In addition, this proposed method outperforms DSR, which offers alternative paths with more efficiency.

Scaling Agile in industrial software projects is a process control problem that must balance governance, scalability, and adaptability while keeping decisions auditable. We present a hybrid fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) framework that combines Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) for uncertainty-aware weighting with a tunable VIKOR–PROMETHEE ranking stage. Weighting and ranking are kept distinct to support traceability and parameter sensitivity. A three-layer hierarchy organizes twenty-two criteria across organizational, project, group, and framework levels. In a single-enterprise validation with two independent expert panels (n = 10 practitioners), the tuned hybrid achieved lower rank error than single-method baselines (mean absolute error, $\mathrm{MAE}$ = 1.03; Spearman $\rho$ = 0.53) using pre-specified thresholds and a transparent $\alpha +\beta$ = 1 control. The procedure is practical for process governance: elicit priorities, derive fuzzy weights, apply the hybrid ranking, and verify stability with sensitivity analysis. The framework operationalizes modeling, optimization, control, and monitoring of scaling decisions, making trade-offs explicit and reproducible in industrial settings.

The aim of this paper is to evaluate E-Learning website of Jordan universities based on ISO/IEC 9126 standard which uses six main characteristics to evaluate software, and each characteristic includes its own sub-characteristics. The results show that the average of quality in E-Leaning websites is 65.45 %. The results reflect the student's opinion about the website. The result might be used to improve the quality of E-Learning website for those universities.