The current work describes the synthesis of carbonaceous composites via pyrolysis, based on CMF, extracted from Alfa fibers, and Moroccan clay ghassoul (Gh), for potential use in heavy metal removal from wastewater.

Intermediate pyrolysis of red algal biomass was performed in a fixed-bed tubular reactor. To study the parametric effect on product distribution, the experiments were carried out at different temperatures ranging from 400 to 600 °C and different heating rates of 15, 30 and 50 °C/min. The objective of this study is to understand the effect of pyrolysis temperature and heating rate on the yields and compositions of the pyrolysis products of red algal biomass. The bio-oil, biochar and biogas yields ranged between 33 and 45 wt%, 29 and 42 wt%, and 18 and 35 wt%, respectively, at different pyrolysis conditions. The highest bio-oil yield (45.02%) was obtained at 450 °C temperature at a heating rate of 50 °C/min. The bio-oil was characterized by proximate and ultimate analysis, FTIR, 1H-NMR and GC–MS analysis whereas the biochar was characterized by proximate, ultimate, FTIR, SEM and BET. Higher heating value and density of the bio-oil were 20.11 MJ/kg, 1289 kg / m 3 , respectively. The bio-oil with relatively high fuel potential can be obtained from the pyrolysis of the red algal biomass. The characterization of bio-oil showed a high percentage of aliphatic functional groups and presence of phenolic, ketone- and nitrogen-containing groups. The characterization results showed that the bio-oil obtained from red algal biomass can be potentially valuable as a source of value-added chemicals. The biochar obtained with a high heating value of 22.89 MJ/kg can be used as an adsorbent as well as a solid fuel.

This study aims to investigate the influence of various operating conditions on the conversion of Moroccan woody biomass using pyrolysis process. The pyrolysis reaction was performed at 350, 400, 450, 500, 500, 550, and 600 °C, for different heating rates of 20, 50, 80, and 100 ° C · min - 1 , and under flow rates of N 2 of 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 mL · min - 1 . The oil yield of 41.85% was found maximum at the following optimal conditions: a temperature of 500 °C, a heating rate of 100 C · min - 1 and a N 2 flow rate of 100 mL · min - 1 . The composition and characteristics of bio-oil and bio-char were determined by elemental and proximate analysis, GC–MS, NMR, FTIR, ATG, BET and SEM. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that a 39% conversion of the bio-oil is in the medium naphtha range. High quantity of aliphatic, phenolic ketones and aromatic groups are present in the bio-oil, which underlines the need for further upgrading for the bio-oil to be considered as a potential biofuel and valuable chemical product. The physicochemical properties of biochar show that it is a material with a high calorific value and a high percentage of carbon relative to raw biomass. Thus, it can be used as promising material in various application such as activated carbon synthesis and biofertilizers.