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Pecan is native to the United States. The US is the world’s largest pecan producer with an average yearly production of 250 to 300 million pounds; 80 percent of the world’s supply. Georgia, New Mexico, Texas, Arizona, Oklahoma, California, Louisiana, and Florida are the major US pecan producing states. Pecan trees frequently suffer from spring freeze at bud break and bloom as the buds are quite sensitive to freeze damage. This leads to poor flower and nut production. This review focuses on the impact of spring freeze during bud differentiation and flower development. Spring freeze kills the primary terminal buds, the pecan tree has a second chance for growth and flowering through secondary buds. Unfortunately, secondary buds have less bloom potential than primary buds and nut yield is reduced. Spring freeze damage depends on severity of the freeze, bud growth stage, cultivar type and tree age, tree height and tree vigor. This review discusses the impact of temperature on structure and function of male and female reproductive organs. It also summarizes carbohydrate relations as another factor that may play an important role in spring growth and transition of primary and secondary buds to flowers.
Amandeep Kaur; Louise Ferguson; Niels Maness; Becky Carroll; William Reid; Lu Zhang. Spring Freeze Damage of Pecan Bloom: A Review. Horticulturae 2020, 6, 82 .
AMA StyleAmandeep Kaur, Louise Ferguson, Niels Maness, Becky Carroll, William Reid, Lu Zhang. Spring Freeze Damage of Pecan Bloom: A Review. Horticulturae. 2020; 6 (4):82.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmandeep Kaur; Louise Ferguson; Niels Maness; Becky Carroll; William Reid; Lu Zhang. 2020. "Spring Freeze Damage of Pecan Bloom: A Review." Horticulturae 6, no. 4: 82.
Use of light emitting diode (LED) technology is beginning to replace traditional lighting in greenhouses. This research focused on the effects of LED lighting and gibberellic acid supplementation on growth and flowering of Dahlia spp. ‘Karma Serena’, Liatris spicata ‘Kobold’, and Lilium asiatic ‘Yellow Cocotte’. Light treatments, used to extend photoperiod, included LED flowering lamps and halogen lamps that emitted a combination of red + far-red + white, red + white, and broad spectrum from late fall to early spring. Gibberellic acid treatments ranged from 40 to 340 mg L−1 for Asiatic lily ‘Yellow Cocotte’, 50 to 250 for gayfeather ‘Kobold’, and 50 to 150 for dahlia ‘Karma Serena’. Results varied within species in response to light and gibberellic acid. A significant interaction of light with gibberellic acid influenced mean flower number and flowering percentage for dahlia ‘Karma Serena’, while flowering percentage and flower diameter were influenced for Asiatic lily ‘Yellow Cocotte’. Effect of light was most significant on growth and flowering measurements, especially for gayfeather ‘Kobold’ and dahlia ‘Karma Serena’. For gayfeather ‘Kobold’, flowering occurred two weeks earlier under sole LED lighting than under other light treatments and no supplemental light. Although flowering occurred the earliest for dahlia ‘Karma Serena’ under no supplemental light, plants under light treatments had greater height, width, and shoot weight. Significant effects of gibberellic acid on growth and flowering measurements for dahlia ‘Karma Serena’ and Asiatic lily ‘Yellow Cocotte’ were observed for height, width, and flower number.
Taylor Mills-Ibibofori; Bruce L. Dunn; Niels Maness; Mark Payton. Effect of LED Lighting and Gibberellic Acid Supplementation on Potted Ornamentals. Horticulturae 2019, 5, 51 .
AMA StyleTaylor Mills-Ibibofori, Bruce L. Dunn, Niels Maness, Mark Payton. Effect of LED Lighting and Gibberellic Acid Supplementation on Potted Ornamentals. Horticulturae. 2019; 5 (3):51.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTaylor Mills-Ibibofori; Bruce L. Dunn; Niels Maness; Mark Payton. 2019. "Effect of LED Lighting and Gibberellic Acid Supplementation on Potted Ornamentals." Horticulturae 5, no. 3: 51.
The role of silica as a needed supplement in soilless media is gaining interest. This research studied the effects of diatomaceous earth as a supplement on growth and flower characteristics, physiology, and nutrient uptake in dahlia (Dahlia Cav. × hybrida ‘Dahlinova Montana’), black-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta L. ‘Denver Daisy’), and daisy (Gerbera jamesonii L. ‘Festival Light Eye White Shades’). Plants were either well-watered at 10 centibars or water-stressed at 20 centibars. Silicon treatments included top-dressed at 20, 40, 60, and 80 g, or incorporated at 50, 100, 150, and 200 g, in Metro-Mix 360 media without silica plus a control and one treatment of new Metro-Mix 360 with silica already incorporated. Significant effects were seen from diatomaceous earth supplementation, irrigation, and interaction in all plants; growth and flower characteristics, leaf nutrient content, and tolerance to stress were improved by application of diatomaceous earth. An increase in leaf N, P, K, Mg, and Ca was observed for dahlia ‘Dahlinova Montana’ and black-eyed Susan ‘Denver Daisy’. Transpiration was maintained in all three species due to silica supplementation under water-stress. Metro-Mix with silica was similar to the Metro-mix without silica and equivalent to most treatments with supplemental silica for all three species.
Taylor Mills-Ibibofori; Bruce Dunn; Niels Maness; Mark Payton. Use of Diatomaceous Earth as a Silica Supplement on Potted Ornamentals. Horticulturae 2019, 5, 21 .
AMA StyleTaylor Mills-Ibibofori, Bruce Dunn, Niels Maness, Mark Payton. Use of Diatomaceous Earth as a Silica Supplement on Potted Ornamentals. Horticulturae. 2019; 5 (1):21.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTaylor Mills-Ibibofori; Bruce Dunn; Niels Maness; Mark Payton. 2019. "Use of Diatomaceous Earth as a Silica Supplement on Potted Ornamentals." Horticulturae 5, no. 1: 21.
BACKGROUND Many conventional extraction methods for basils (Ocimum sp. Lamiaceae) produce only the extract as a usable product and leaves the extracted herb as a waste product. We demonstrate partial extraction of chemically and morphologically diverse basil cultivars using propane at low temperature (20‐27 °C) and pressure (950‐1,200 kPa) and evaluate the process for production of dual products, the extracted herb (raffinate) and the herb extract, in terms of aromatic content and color. RESULTS The extracts contained aromatic compounds which were characteristic of but not always identical in terms of relative abundance to the dehydrated herb. Extraction decreased total aromatics in the raffinate by 12‐43% but the individual aromatic proportions remained essentially the same, preserving flavor characteristics of the raffinate. Color was mostly unchanged by the extraction process. CONCLUSION Partial propane extraction resulted in two useful basil products (an extract and extraction raffinate). Aromatic extractability was tissue‐ and cultivar‐dependent for basils. Therefore, partial extraction protocols should be optimized according to cultivar/plant tissue abundance to provide consistent aromatic intensity of these potential food products. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Elif Kalkan; Niels O Maness; Donna R Chrz. Partial propane extraction of aromatic compounds from dehydrated basils ( Ocimum Lamiaceae). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 2019, 99, 3776 -3784.
AMA StyleElif Kalkan, Niels O Maness, Donna R Chrz. Partial propane extraction of aromatic compounds from dehydrated basils ( Ocimum Lamiaceae). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 2019; 99 (8):3776-3784.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElif Kalkan; Niels O Maness; Donna R Chrz. 2019. "Partial propane extraction of aromatic compounds from dehydrated basils ( Ocimum Lamiaceae)." Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 99, no. 8: 3776-3784.
Soluble sugars are a universal component of most living organisms and a fundamental building block in biosynthetic processes. It is no wonder that both qualitative and quantitative changes in carbohydrates often accompany plant’s responses to stress. Depending on the speed of onset of stress, plant tissues can exhibit rapid and very site-specific shifts in their soluble carbohydrate pool – rapid and precise tissue collection and stabilization are necessary if analytical results are to truly represent the sugar composition at the instant of harvest. Since soluble carbohydrates are, by definition, soluble in the cell’s aqueous environment, they may be analyzed directly from liquids obtained from plants or they may require extraction from the plant matrix. During extraction and prior to analysis, steps should be taken to avoid change in form or quantity of sugars by endogenous active enzyme conversion or by contaminating microbial growth. Many procedures for soluble sugar analysis exist; the choice of the most appropriate analytical protocol is ultimately dictated by the depth of information required to substantiate findings for a particular purpose.
Niels Maness. Extraction and Analysis of Soluble Carbohydrates. Methods in Molecular Biology 2010, 639, 341 -370.
AMA StyleNiels Maness. Extraction and Analysis of Soluble Carbohydrates. Methods in Molecular Biology. 2010; 639 ():341-370.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNiels Maness. 2010. "Extraction and Analysis of Soluble Carbohydrates." Methods in Molecular Biology 639, no. : 341-370.
Two ethanologenic yeasts, and , were used to ferment sugar solutions modeling hydrolyzed Valencia orange peel waste at 37°C. Orange stripper oil produced from orange peel was added in various amounts to determine its effect on ethanol production. The minimum peel oil concentration that inhibited ethanol production was determined after 24, 48 and 72 h and the two yeasts were compared to one another in terms of ethanol yield. Minimum inhibitory peel oil concentrations for ethanol production were 0.05% at 24 h, 0.10% at 48 h, and 0.15% at 72 h for both yeasts. produced more ethanol than at each time point.
Mark R. Wilkins; Lilis Suryawati; Niels O. Maness; Donna Chrz. Ethanol production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces marxianus in the presence of orange-peel oil. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 2007, 23, 1161 -1168.
AMA StyleMark R. Wilkins, Lilis Suryawati, Niels O. Maness, Donna Chrz. Ethanol production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces marxianus in the presence of orange-peel oil. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2007; 23 (8):1161-1168.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMark R. Wilkins; Lilis Suryawati; Niels O. Maness; Donna Chrz. 2007. "Ethanol production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces marxianus in the presence of orange-peel oil." World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 23, no. 8: 1161-1168.
Niels O. Maness; Gerald H. Brusewitz; Donna Chrz; Glenn G. Taylor. PERFORMANCE OF AN INSTRUMENT DESIGNED FOR, AND EVALUATION OF METHODS TO ASSESS, PEACH FRUIT IMPACT BRUISE SUSCEPTIBILITY. Journal of Food Quality 1995, 18, 335 -353.
AMA StyleNiels O. Maness, Gerald H. Brusewitz, Donna Chrz, Glenn G. Taylor. PERFORMANCE OF AN INSTRUMENT DESIGNED FOR, AND EVALUATION OF METHODS TO ASSESS, PEACH FRUIT IMPACT BRUISE SUSCEPTIBILITY. Journal of Food Quality. 1995; 18 (4):335-353.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNiels O. Maness; Gerald H. Brusewitz; Donna Chrz; Glenn G. Taylor. 1995. "PERFORMANCE OF AN INSTRUMENT DESIGNED FOR, AND EVALUATION OF METHODS TO ASSESS, PEACH FRUIT IMPACT BRUISE SUSCEPTIBILITY." Journal of Food Quality 18, no. 4: 335-353.
A procedure to determine total oil content of pecan was developed for samples weighing 500 and 10 mg by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) with carbon dioxide as the extraction solvent, and chilled hexane as the trapping solvent. Fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were prepared from the total lipid fraction by using either an aliquot (500 mg starting weight) or the entire extract (10 mg starting weight). Total oil content obtained for either sample size with SFE was similar to that obtained with an organic solvent extraction technique. The fatty acid composition for the total lipid fraction of oils extracted with SFE was the same as for oils extracted with organic solvents, and oil composition did not change during SFE. Both oil yield and fatty acid composition were similar to those reported previously for pecan. Samples could be extracted and placed into FAME-derivatizing reagents in one day, and fatty acid composition of the total lipid fraction could be determined by gas-liquid chromatography the next day. The procedure, as demonstrated for pecan, should be suitable for other oilseeds, especially those containing low amounts of water.
Niels O. Maness; Donna Chrz; Troy Pierce; Gerald H. Brusewitz. Quantitative extraction of pecan oil from small samples with supercritical carbon dioxide. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 1995, 72, 665 -669.
AMA StyleNiels O. Maness, Donna Chrz, Troy Pierce, Gerald H. Brusewitz. Quantitative extraction of pecan oil from small samples with supercritical carbon dioxide. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society. 1995; 72 (6):665-669.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNiels O. Maness; Donna Chrz; Troy Pierce; Gerald H. Brusewitz. 1995. "Quantitative extraction of pecan oil from small samples with supercritical carbon dioxide." Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 72, no. 6: 665-669.