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Carmencita Padilla
Philippine Genome Centre, University of the Philippines, Manila 1101, Philippines

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Short Biography

Dr. Carmencita Padilla is a Professor of Pediatrics and the Founding Director of the Institute of Human Genetics and the Newborn Screening Reference Center at the National Institutes of Health. She was responsible for the establishment of the clinical genetic services at the Philippine General Hospital in 1990 and the various genetic laboratories now housed at the Institute of Human Genetics – National Institutes of Health. She also played a role in the development of the national newborn screening services in the Philippines, the Newborn Screening Act of 2004 (Republic Act 9288), and the Rare Disease Act (Republic Act 10747).

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Journal article
Published: 23 July 2021 in Viruses
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Zika virus (ZIKV) exposure across flavivirus-endemic countries, including the Philippines, remains largely unknown despite sporadic case reporting and environmental suitability for transmission. Using laboratory surveillance data from 2016, 997 serum samples were randomly selected from suspected dengue (DENV) case reports across the Philippines and assayed for serological markers of short-term (IgM) and long-term (IgG) ZIKV exposure. Using mixture models, we re-evaluated ZIKV IgM/G seroprevalence thresholds and used catalytic models to quantify the force of infection (attack rate, AR) from age-accumulated ZIKV exposure. While we observed extensive ZIKV/DENV IgG cross-reactivity, not all individuals with active DENV presented with elevated ZIKV IgG, and a proportion of dengue-negative cases (DENV IgG-) were ZIKV IgG-positive (14.3%, 9/63). We identified evidence of long-term, yet not short-term, ZIKV exposure across Philippine regions (ZIKV IgG+: 31.5%, 314/997) which was geographically uncorrelated with DENV exposure. In contrast to the DENV AR (12.7% (95%CI: 9.1–17.4%)), the ZIKV AR was lower (5.7% (95%CI: 3–11%)) across the country. Our results provide evidence of widespread ZIKV exposure across the Philippines and suggest the need for studies to identify ZIKV infection risk factors over time to better prepare for potential future outbreaks.

ACS Style

Joseph Biggs; Ava Sy; Oliver Brady; Adam Kucharski; Sebastian Funk; Yun-Hung Tu; Mary Reyes; Mary Quinones; William Jones-Warner; James Ashall; Ferchito Avelino; Nemia Sucaldito; Amado Tandoc; Eva Cutiongco-De la Paz; Maria Capeding; Carmencita Padilla; Martin Hibberd; Julius Hafalla. Serological Evidence of Widespread Zika Transmission across the Philippines. Viruses 2021, 13, 1441 .

AMA Style

Joseph Biggs, Ava Sy, Oliver Brady, Adam Kucharski, Sebastian Funk, Yun-Hung Tu, Mary Reyes, Mary Quinones, William Jones-Warner, James Ashall, Ferchito Avelino, Nemia Sucaldito, Amado Tandoc, Eva Cutiongco-De la Paz, Maria Capeding, Carmencita Padilla, Martin Hibberd, Julius Hafalla. Serological Evidence of Widespread Zika Transmission across the Philippines. Viruses. 2021; 13 (8):1441.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joseph Biggs; Ava Sy; Oliver Brady; Adam Kucharski; Sebastian Funk; Yun-Hung Tu; Mary Reyes; Mary Quinones; William Jones-Warner; James Ashall; Ferchito Avelino; Nemia Sucaldito; Amado Tandoc; Eva Cutiongco-De la Paz; Maria Capeding; Carmencita Padilla; Martin Hibberd; Julius Hafalla. 2021. "Serological Evidence of Widespread Zika Transmission across the Philippines." Viruses 13, no. 8: 1441.

Journal article
Published: 17 June 2021 in International Journal of Neonatal Screening
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The Philippine newborn bloodspot screening (NBS) program began in 1996 with 24 hospitals and was formalized by legislation in 2004. The NBS panel was recently expanded to include a number of additional hereditary congenital conditions. Expertise and experiences from other NBS programs already screening for hemoglobinopathies were essential to its successful integration into the ongoing dried bloodspot NBS program in the Philippines. Building on clinical experiences and population data from Filipinos born in California, USA, hemoglobinopathies (including thalassemias) were selected for inclusion in the expanded screening panel. Hemoglobinopathy NBS, using high performance liquid chromatography, was implemented in a stepwise manner into the seven regional NBS screening laboratories. A central university laboratory provides confirmatory testing using both capillary electrophoresis and molecular methodologies. NBS results indicating carriers are followed up with educational fact sheets, while results of presumptive disease are referred for confirmatory testing and follow-up with a hematologist. Long-term care is provided through newborn screening continuity clinics across the country. Hemoglobinopathy NBS is now included in the national insurance package and screening uptake continues to increase nationally, exceeding 90% of all newborns in 7400+ hospitals and birthing centers nationwide prior to the COVID-19 pandemic.

ACS Style

Carmencita Padilla; Bradford Therrell; Maria Alcausin; Reynaldo de Castro; Maria Gepte; Ma. Reyes; Charity Jomento; Riza Suarez; Ebner Maceda; Conchita Abarquez; J. Posecion; Alma Andal; Anna Elizaga; Bernadette Halili-Mendoza; Maria Otayza; Carolyn Hoppe. Successful Implementation of Newborn Screening for Hemoglobin Disorders in the Philippines. International Journal of Neonatal Screening 2021, 7, 30 .

AMA Style

Carmencita Padilla, Bradford Therrell, Maria Alcausin, Reynaldo de Castro, Maria Gepte, Ma. Reyes, Charity Jomento, Riza Suarez, Ebner Maceda, Conchita Abarquez, J. Posecion, Alma Andal, Anna Elizaga, Bernadette Halili-Mendoza, Maria Otayza, Carolyn Hoppe. Successful Implementation of Newborn Screening for Hemoglobin Disorders in the Philippines. International Journal of Neonatal Screening. 2021; 7 (2):30.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carmencita Padilla; Bradford Therrell; Maria Alcausin; Reynaldo de Castro; Maria Gepte; Ma. Reyes; Charity Jomento; Riza Suarez; Ebner Maceda; Conchita Abarquez; J. Posecion; Alma Andal; Anna Elizaga; Bernadette Halili-Mendoza; Maria Otayza; Carolyn Hoppe. 2021. "Successful Implementation of Newborn Screening for Hemoglobin Disorders in the Philippines." International Journal of Neonatal Screening 7, no. 2: 30.

Journal article
Published: 11 December 2020 in International Journal of Neonatal Screening
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Newborn Bloodspot Screening (NBS) has existed for over 60 years, having been initiated by Guthrie in the U.S. In the Philippines, NBS was introduced in 1996 and later was supported by legislation. The NBS program now includes 29 conditions, covering 91.6% of the newborn population in 2019. Program growth and expansion necessitated development of a formal performance evaluation and assessment scheme (PEAS) for monitoring performance and for continuously improving quality. This study’s objective was to present the development, implementation, and results to date of the Philippine Performance PEAS (PPEAS). Using the comprehensive listing of laboratory and non-laboratory elements in the model PEAS system in the U.S., PPEAS tools were developed for critical Philippine NBS system components: regional Department of Health (national health agency, Philippines) (DOH) offices (CHDs), NBS laboratories (NSCs), NBS specimen submitters (NSFs), and long-term case management centers (NBSCCs). Data generated from the various PPEAS have been periodically reviewed and analyzed for NBS system impact. PPEAS were developed to facilitate quality improvement at various levels of the Philippine NBS system. PPEAS identified successes, gaps, and challenges to be addressed by NSCs, NSFs, CHDs, and NBSCCs with the assistance of the Newborn Screening Reference Center and the Department of Health.

ACS Style

Carmencita D. Padilla; Bradford L. Therrell; Karen Asuncion R. Panol; Riza Concordia N. Suarez; Ma. Elouisa L. Reyes; Charity M. Jomento; Ebner Bon G. Maceda; Jovy Ann C. Lising; Frederick David E. Beltran; Lita L. Orbillo. Philippine Performance Evaluation and Assessment Scheme (PPEAS): Experiences in Newborn Screening System Quality Improvement. International Journal of Neonatal Screening 2020, 6, 95 .

AMA Style

Carmencita D. Padilla, Bradford L. Therrell, Karen Asuncion R. Panol, Riza Concordia N. Suarez, Ma. Elouisa L. Reyes, Charity M. Jomento, Ebner Bon G. Maceda, Jovy Ann C. Lising, Frederick David E. Beltran, Lita L. Orbillo. Philippine Performance Evaluation and Assessment Scheme (PPEAS): Experiences in Newborn Screening System Quality Improvement. International Journal of Neonatal Screening. 2020; 6 (4):95.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carmencita D. Padilla; Bradford L. Therrell; Karen Asuncion R. Panol; Riza Concordia N. Suarez; Ma. Elouisa L. Reyes; Charity M. Jomento; Ebner Bon G. Maceda; Jovy Ann C. Lising; Frederick David E. Beltran; Lita L. Orbillo. 2020. "Philippine Performance Evaluation and Assessment Scheme (PPEAS): Experiences in Newborn Screening System Quality Improvement." International Journal of Neonatal Screening 6, no. 4: 95.

Article
Published: 15 September 2016 in Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine
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Genetics and genomic medicine in the Philippines.

ACS Style

Carmencita D. Padilla; Eva Maria Cutiongco‐De La Paz. Genetics and genomic medicine in the Philippines. Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine 2016, 4, 494 -503.

AMA Style

Carmencita D. Padilla, Eva Maria Cutiongco‐De La Paz. Genetics and genomic medicine in the Philippines. Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine. 2016; 4 (5):494-503.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carmencita D. Padilla; Eva Maria Cutiongco‐De La Paz. 2016. "Genetics and genomic medicine in the Philippines." Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine 4, no. 5: 494-503.