Background: Veterinary literature lacks data about cardiovascular–renal disorders (CvRD) and cardiorenal-anemia syndrome (CRAS) in dogs. Hypothesis: A direct correlation exists between ACVIM class and IRIS stage; chronic kidney disease (CKD) complicates chronic mitral valve disease (CMVD) more often than does anemia in dogs. Animals: One hundred and fifty-eight client-owned dogs with CMVD. Methods: Signalment, physical examination findings, electrocardiography, thoracic radiographs, echocardiography, and blood analysis were retrospectively evaluated to assess the prevalence of CKD and anemia in dogs with CMVD and to investigate the relationships among ACVIM class, IRIS stage, and survival. Results: The prevalence of CKD and anemia in dogs with CMVD was significantly higher than in the general population of dogs. Dogs being treated for heart failure had a significantly higher prevalence of CKD than did dogs that had not received treatment. A statistically significant direct correlation was found between ACVIM class and IRIS stage. Severe heart disease, severe renal disease or both, furosemide administration, and advanced age at diagnosis of heart disease were associated with shorter survival time. Survival time of dogs affected by CvRD was statistically shorter than survival time of dogs affected by CMVD alone. Conclusion and Clinical Relevance: Chronic mitral valve disease is associated with increased prevalence of CKD and anemia in dogs. Treatment for medical management of heart failure may play a role in inducing CKD. Class of heart disease and IRIS stage were directly correlated. Cardiovascular–renal disorders decrease survival time compared to the only presence of CMVD alone, whereas anemia does not play a central role in worsening heart function.

The coexistence of renal and cardiac disease has been defined in dogs and cats as cardiovascular-renal disorders (CvRD). In humans, renal function is affected by recurrent episodes of acute congestive heart failure (CHF). The aim of this prospective, case-control study was to evaluate the appearance and influence of worsening cardiac disease (WCD), defined on echocardiographic and radiographic parameters, on renal function (defined as worsening renal function [WRF], on the basis of serum creatinine level and presence of proteinuria) in two population: 21 dogs with chronic mitral valve disease (CMVD) and 20 healthy dogs. Dogs were sorted into groups according to the presence/absence of WRF or WCD. Statistical analysis was performed between CMVD dogs and healthy dogs and inside the CMVD dogs group. There was no statistically significant difference in developing WRF between dogs with/without WCD and no statistical evidence to support a difference in WRF parameters in dogs experiencing CHF and dogs not experiencing it. The prevalence of azotemia in CMVD dogs was significantly higher than the prevalence of azotemia previously reported in the general population of dogs. Diuretics therapy didn’t affect renal function. No difference in survival time was seen between groups. In conclusion, CHF, WCD and diuretics therapy didn’t directly induce WRF. However, considering the prevalence of azotemia, data suggests a link between heart and kidney function (despite we didn’t excluded aged-related coexistence of organ damage). A bigger number of dogs at inclusion is required to reach statistical significance.

Background: The gold standard in canine blood pressure (BP) measurement is the invasive method; however, non‐invasive blood pressure measurement techniques (NIBP) are more commonly used. The lack of small, lightweight, cheap, fast and portable NIBP still remains a point to improve in the emergency setting.Key Findings: A human wrist blood pressure (WBP) device was evaluated in comparison with the veterinary high‐definition oscillometry (HDO) in conscious normotensive dogs. Systolic and diastolic BPs were evaluated in two groups of dogs. The bias, the limits of agreement and correlation between variables were calculated. Twenty‐five and 36 dogs were, respectively, included in Study No. 1 (dogs weighting ≥10 kg) and 2 (dogs weighting ≥20 kg). In both studies, correlation between the two devices was moderate. A better agreement was displayed for diastolic pressure and poor precision for both systolic and diastolic pressures measurements (as determined by wide limits of agreement). The WBP method underestimated both the systolic and diastolic BP with respect to the HDO method. The inclusion of bigger dogs (Study No. 2) with limb circumference more like to human limb dimension did not improve the agreement between considered methods.Significance: The human WBP monitor considered is not suitable to replace the commonly used veterinary HDO for in‐clinic BP monitoring in normotensive conscious dogs.