The aim of this research is to study theoretical and practical aspects of the ecological and economic losses from the use of solid domestic waste (SDW) as energy resources in the heat power industry of Ukraine. The methodical approaches to evaluating the ecological and economic losses caused by solid domestic waste (SDW) comprise: the developed algorithm, which evaluates the ecological and economic losses in the SDW use as fuel and energy resources in comparison with basic and project variant; the investigated morphological composition of SDW in the Ukrainian regions, on the basis of which there is proposed a matrix for further calculations of the ecological and economic loss from atmospheric pollution as a result of the energy-intensive SDW combustion at the power plants by the Ukrainian regions. The efficiency of using SDW as secondary energy resources, which essentially depends on the conventional energy resources combustion, is proved. According to the chemical and morphological composition of SDW, the average amount of harmful substances by their element constituents of SDW is determined. The economic loss from the combusting 1 ton of SDW as energy resources is estimated. Reasonability of using SDW as energy resources, based on the optimal ratio between conventional resources and energy-intensive SDW through minimizing total production costs and possible ecological and economic loss, is grounded. It is proved that while estimating the ecological and economic losses, it is necessary to consider the SDW morphological composition and regional specific features regarding the location of heat and power enterprises and organized storage landfills. It is grounded that the obtained estimates of the ecological and economic losses may be used for identifying the ecological and economic evaluation of the SDW efficiency use in the heat power industry at the regional level.

The article is concerned with studying the European experience in the development of alternative (clean) energy sources, identifying problems and prospects for the production and consumption. The publication considers the advantages for countries from the use of new generation of energy carriers, including: independence from the countries – suppliers of traditional energy; ensuring ecological production and consumption; environmental protection and minimization of risk to the climate, human health, biodiversity, etc. The article provides the EU regulatory documents, namely: Directive 2018/2001/EC on alternative energy sources as part of the «Clean Energy for All Europeans» package and National Energy and Climate Plans (NECP) for 2021-2030, which set out the mechanism for fulfilling new goals for 2030 as to alternative energy sources. The new directive establishes a mandatory goal for alternative energy sources for the EU for 2030 (not less than 32%), provides for measures for various sectors of the economy, as well as transport, and strengthened criteria for ensuring the sustainability of bioenergy. The transition of the EU to the use of biofuels is explained by the course of sustainable development of European countries in the sphere of energy and ecology, the status of the economy and the general ecological policy of the countries. The division into generations of biofuels is provided as follows: the first generation, or conventional fuel, is fuel from ordinary food crops grown on arable land; the second generation is biofuels made from various types of biomass; the third generation is made exclusively of algae; the fourth generation of biomass involves the use of biochemical methods for carbon capture. It is determined that the production of biofuels can give impetus to the revival of the national agrarian economy, improving the environment, enhancing the ecological safety of the country, as well as promoting the development of the country’s logistics infrastructure.

An approach to form innovative marketing strategies to provide ecological safety from environmental point of view, is developed. The goal of the article is to investigate innovative marketing strategies to provide ecological safety at regional and...

The topic of integration processes in Ukraine and their impact on the development of international business is important and relevant in the context of the country's economic development. Ukraine's integration with global economic structures, such as the European Union and other regional blocs, opens up new opportunities for international business and has a significant impact on the development of the country's economy. The accession of Ukraine to the European Union and the signing of regional agreements contribute to the increase of trade relations and cooperation with other countries. This stimulates the growth of exports and the attraction of foreign investments, as well as promotes the transfer of best practices and technologies. International companies have the opportunity to expand their activities in the Ukrainian market and use its potential. However, integration also presents Ukrainian companies with challenges related to competition in the foreign market and the need to improve production processes and product quality. For the successful development of international business, it is important to attract foreign partners, introduce innovative technologies, improve the qualifications of employees and develop efficient logistics. Therefore, integration processes in Ukraine have a significant impact on the development of international business, create new opportunities for enterprises, and contribute to the attraction of foreign investments and the transfer of best practices. However, successful management of these processes requires effective strategies, adaptation to international standards and constant improvement of the competitiveness of Ukrainian business. The article examines integration processes in Ukraine and determines their impact on the development of international business; the challenges and opportunities of integration processes for the development of international business in Ukraine are considered.

The article is devoted to the formulation of prospects for the development of social responsibility of enterprises in modern conditions; rethinking its essence through the inclusion of the uncertainty factor in the theory of sustainable development (basic for social responsibility); substantiation of directions of cooperation between supranational, state bodies, enterprises and academic science in the direction of increase of the efficiency of realization of projects on social responsibility in international and national business; formation of fundamental principles for the creation of uniform standards of social responsibility of international business in the form of methodological recommendations using the coefficient method. The article considers the main approaches to understanding the essence of corporate governance in the field of social responsibility, prerequisites that form the understanding of social responsibility in modern business, among which are: business ethics, ethical behavior, interaction with stakeholders, activities for society, achieving sustainable development. A list of subjective and objective problems that arise today in the implementation of social responsibility projects in international business, namely: individualized understanding of the essence of social responsibility; lack of systematicity and comprehensiveness; lack of consideration of the uncertainty factor when planning social responsibility projects and assessing its significance for the main activity; lack of supranational standards of social responsibility; inviolability of the concept of sustainable development, imperfect regulatory framework, financial capabilities of companies, is offered. Prospects for improving the system of relations in the field of social responsibility at global level and business level are proposed. A method of calculating the coefficient of social responsibility, which includes three main components: the mandatory group of factors, the sectoral part, the variable part, is proposed.

In response to challenges in the global energy market caused by Russia's invasion of Ukraine, the European Commission presented the REPowerEU plan. This REPowerEU plan provides actions aimed at saving energy; production of clean energy; diversification of energy supplies. The article considers a number of measures proposed and implemented by the European Commission to quickly reduce dependence on Russian fossil fuels and accelerate the transition to a green energy system. Among the main measures considered: the diversification of the EU's energy supply, which will be ensured by concluding agreements with third countries on pipeline imports, investing in the purchase of liquefied natural gas, partnership with Namibia, Egypt, Israel and Kazakhstan; development of alternative energy sources; saving energy by voluntarily reducing natural gas consumption in the EU by 15%; accelerating the transition to clean energy by investing in renewable energy sources. The main energy-saving measures proposed by the European Commission are considered, namely: lowering the heating temperature and reducing the use of air conditioning; regulation of boiler parameters; work at home; economical use of a car; speed reduction on highways; not to use a car on Sunday in big cities; short trips on foot or by bike instead of a car trip; use of public transport; choose the train instead of the plane. The article presents a market-based mechanism to limit excessive natural gas price spikes, which will limit episodes of extremely high natural gas prices in the EU and thus reduce the impact of price increases on citizens and the economy. In addition, the EU plan envisages investing in renewable energy sources, namely: increasing the production and capacities of electricity from wind and solar sources.