Primary hyperhidrosis (PH) is a relatively common chronic disorder, characterized by significant and uncontrollable sweating. The predominant areas of occurrence are hands, feet, head and armpits, and it affects both men and women equally, with a false impression of increased prevalence in women. This study aims to determine the incidence of cases of hyperhidrosis, the gender of the patients and the environment of origin and to identify the most affected age groups and the distribution of hyperhidrosis, as well as creating a curve of cases within the time interval studied and their comparison with those in the specialized literature.

Background: We aimed to assess the effects of modulated neuroprotection with intermittent administration in patients with unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS) after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods: Retrospective analysis of 60 patients divided into two groups, with and without neuroprotective treatment with Actovegin, Cerebrolysin, pyritinol, L-phosphothreonine, L-glutamine, hydroxocobalamin, alpha-lipoic acid, carotene, DL-α-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, thiamine, pyridoxine, cyanocobalamin, Q 10 coenzyme, and L-carnitine alongside standard treatment. Main outcome measures: Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) after TBI, Extended Glasgow Coma Scale (GOS E), Disability Rankin Scale (DRS), Functional Independence Measurement (FIM), and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA), all assessed at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after TBI. Results: Patients receiving neuroprotective treatment recovered more rapidly from UWS than controls (p = 0.007) passing through a state of minimal consciousness and gradually progressing until the final evaluation (p = 0.000), towards a high cognitive level MOCA = 22 ± 6 points, upper moderate disability GOS-E = 6 ± 1, DRS = 6 ± 4, and an assisted gait, FIM =101 ± 25. The improvement in cognitive and physical functioning was strongly correlated with lower UWS duration (−0.8532) and higher GCS score (0.9803). Conclusion: Modulated long-term neuroprotection may be the therapeutic key for patients to overcome UWS after severe TBI.

Background/Objectives: Electrotherapy encompasses diverse therapeutic modalities used in Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, but pediatric evidence varies substantially across modality–indication pairs. This structured narrative review mapped the available pediatric clinical evidence and provided a clinically structured synthesis of clinical applications, treatment parameters, reported therapeutic outcomes, safety, and evidence gaps in pediatric rehabilitation. Methods: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for publications from 1 January 2000 to 17 July 2026. Evidence was synthesized by electrotherapy modality and clinical indication and classified using Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (OCEBM) Levels of Evidence. Formal methodological quality and risk-of-bias appraisal using A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR 2) and Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2) was performed for the evidence underpinning OCEBM Level 1 classifications; no formal GRADE certainty-of-evidence assessment was performed. Results: A comparatively more developed pediatric evidence base was identified for radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy (rESWT) in cerebral palsy-related spasticity; transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and interferential current therapy (IFC) in bladder and bowel dysfunction; and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES)/functional electrical stimulation (FES), repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for selected motor rehabilitation outcomes. Photobiomodulation (PBM)/low-level laser therapy (LLLT), pulsed electromagnetic field therapy (PEMF), and high-intensity laser therapy (HILT) showed promising but indication-specific evidence, whereas Transfer of Energy Capacitive and Resistive (TECAR) had preliminary adjunctive evidence. Therapeutic ultrasound and Deep Oscillation Therapy were supported by insufficient pediatric clinical evidence, while several modalities lacked eligible pediatric clinical studies. Short-term tolerability was generally favorable, but long-term safety data remain limited. Conclusions: Electrotherapy has an adjunctive role in selected pediatric rehabilitation indications, but prescription should be based on specific modality–indication pairs. The available evidence does not support comparative effectiveness conclusions between modalities. Standardized multicenter trials and long-term safety studies are required.

Background/Objectives: Electrotherapy encompasses diverse therapeutic modalities used in Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, but pediatric evidence varies substantially across modality–indication pairs. This structured narrative review critically synthesized evidence on clinical applications, treatment parameters, efficacy, safety, and evidence gaps in pediatric rehabilitation. Methods: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for publications from 1 January 2000 to 17 July 2026. Evidence was synthesized by electrotherapy modality and clinical indication and classified using Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (OCEBM) Levels of Evidence. Results: The strongest evidence was identified for rESWT in cerebral palsy-related spasticity; TENS and IFC in bladder and bowel dysfunction; and NMES/FES, rTMS, and tDCS for selected motor rehabilitation outcomes. PBM/LLLT, PEMF, and HILT showed promising but indication-specific evidence, whereas TECAR had preliminary adjunctive evidence. Therapeutic ultrasound and Deep Oscillation Therapy remain insufficiently supported, and several modalities lack pediatric clinical evidence. Short-term tolerability was generally favorable, but long-term safety data remain limited. Conclusions: Electrotherapy has an adjunctive role in selected pediatric rehabilitation indications, but prescription should be based on specific modality–indication pairs. Standardized multicenter trials and long-term safety studies are required.