Dendrobium sulcatum Lindl or “Ueang Jampa-Nan” (Orchidaceae family) is widely dis-tributed in Thailand and Laos. It is classified in the genus Dendrobium, which is used in both traditional Chinese medicine and Ayurvedic medicine for health enhancement and anti-aging. The purpose of this study was to investigate the phytochemical constituents and bioefficacy of stems, leaves and flowers from D. sulcatum for cosmetic and cosmeceutical applications. Phenolic and flavonoid contents were tested for the phytochemical evaluation. The antioxidant (DPPH, FRAP and ABTS assays), anti-lipid peroxidation, antiglycation, anti-inflammatory and anti-tyrosinase properties were assessed for their bioefficacy. The results showed that the extracts of stem and leaf had higher total phenolic content than that of the flower, and the leaf extract had the highest flavonoid content. The antioxidant, anti-lipid peroxidation and anti-inflammatory activities of the extracts were greater in those from the stem and leaf compared with that of the flower. The leaf extract exhibited the greatest antiglycation property. The results of anti-tyrosinase analysis of the extracts showed that the leaf and flower exhibited potent activities with a percentage inhibition greater than 70% (at a concentration of 50 µg/mL). In conclusion, these findings suggest that the ethanolic extracts from different parts of D. sulcatum are promising sources of natural active ingredients for further cosmetic and cosmeceutical products.

Prunus leaf extracts are rich in phenolic and flavonoid compounds like rutin, and they are known for their antioxidant potential. This study compares the bioactivity and stability of leaf extracts from Prunus domestica L. (EL), Prunus salicina Lindl. (JL), and Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. (CL) and evaluates the dermal safety of a cream containing the extract with the most favorable in vitro properties for potential cosmetic use. Ethanolic extracts were assessed for total phenolic and condensed tannin contents, as well as antioxidants, using DPPH assay and lipid peroxidation inhibitory activities. The CL extract exhibited moderate total phenolic content, the highest condensed tannin content, and strong antioxidant (IC₅₀ = 22.1 ± 3.1 µg/mL) and anti-lipid peroxidation (62.3 ± 1.0%) activities. Based on these results, CL was incorporated into a cream formulation (CCL), which was then evaluated for physicochemical properties, antioxidant retention, and in vitro skin permeation using Franz diffusion cells. The formulation remained physically stable under ambient conditions and retained antioxidant activity above 74.5% under thermal cycling conditions. Rutin from the CCL formulation was retained within the Strat-M™ membrane (4.0 ± 1.1%), which was 5.7-fold higher than that of the control (0.7 ± 0.6%) over 8 h; however, it was not detected in the receptor chamber under these in vitro conditions. A semi-open patch test conducted on 26 healthy volunteers under double-blind conditions revealed no signs of irritation, confirming the formulation’s dermal safety. Overall, the findings support the feasibility of using P. cerasifera extract as a stable antioxidant component in topical skincare formulations.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of drying process preparations, solvent type, and different species of Prunus spp. (European, Japanese, and cherry plums) on bioactive properties (antioxidant, anti‐lipid peroxidation, anti‐tyrosinase, and anti‐inflammatory activities) and rutin content. Leaves and fresh fruits of plums were dried using a cold process (vacuum freeze dryer at −105 ± 5°C) and a hot process (hot air oven at 50 ± 0.5°C). The dried plant material was then extracted using ethanol and propylene glycol to obtain ethanolic crude extracts and propylene glycol extract solutions. These extracts were then tested for phenolic and flavonoid contents and their potential biological activities and analyzed for rutin content using the HPLC method. The results showed that the ethanolic extract of plum leaves obtained via the cold‐drying process exhibited higher total phenolic and flavonoid contents (96.94 ± 6.73–112.34 ± 9.08 mg GAE/g sample and 105.10 ± 11.31–185.94 ± 23.35 mg QE/g sample, respectively), as well as greater potential for antioxidant activity (DPPH with IC₅₀ = 29.97 ± 1.17 to 31.44 ± 4.16 μg/mL), anti‐tyrosinase activity (40.34 ± 1.27%–46.91 ± 0.22%), and anti‐lipid peroxidation activity (34.10 ± 4.88%–38.27 ± 2.12%). They also exhibited higher anti‐inflammatory activity by inhibiting NO (20.16 ± 0.12%–40.05 ± 0.42%), IL‐6 (37.81 ± 3.01%–42.37 ± 8.92%), and TNF‐α (45.96 ± 7.93%–63.28 ± 6.44%) compared to fresh plum fruit extracts and other extraction procedures. These activities correlated with the rutin content, which was high in the plum leaf extracts (28.52 ± 0.00%–43.82 ± 0.13% w/w). European plums tended to exhibit greater bioactivities and higher rutin content compared to other species. These findings indicate that plum leaf extracts are a promising source for further applications in food, nutrition, and health products.

The health benefits of the Aquilaria crassna Pierre ex Lecomte leaf extract (AE) make it very useful as an ingredient in food and pharmaceutical products. Iriflophenone 3,5-C-β-d-diglucoside (1), iriflophenone 3-C-β-d-glucoside (2) and mangiferin (3) are bioactive compounds of AE. We assessed the stability of AE by investigating the thermal degradation kinetics and shelf-life (t_90%) of compounds 1, 2 and 3 using Arrhenius plot models and studied their pH-rate profiles. The results demonstrate that 1 and 2 were degraded, following a first-order kinetic reaction. The degradation of 3 followed first-order reaction kinetics when present in a solution and second-order reaction kinetics in the dried powder form of the extract. According to the first-order kinetic model, the predicted shelf-life (t_90%) of the extract at 25 °C in dried form for compound 1 was 989 days with activation energy 129.86 kJ·mol⁻¹, and for 2 it was 248 days with activation energy 110.57 kJ·mol⁻¹, while in the extract solution, the predicted shelf-life of compounds 1–3 was 189, 13 and 75 days with activation energies 86.83, 51.49 and 65.28 kJ·mol⁻¹, respectively. In addition, the pH-rate profiles of 1–3 indicated that they were stable in neutral to acidic environments.