Phytochemical investigation of Diospyros filipendula (Ebenaceae) resulted in the isolation of eighteen compounds. Their structures were identified by analysis of mass spectrometric and spectroscopic (IR, 1 D and 2 D NMR) data. We report three benzoic acid derivatives (1-3), one peptide (4), one coumarin (5), three phthalides (6-8), three steroids (9-11) and seven triterpenes (12-18). Nine compounds (1, 4-8, 10, 17 and 18) are reported from the Ebenaceae family for the first time while the other nine are new to the species D. filipendula. Compounds 7, 17 and 18 showed low to moderate cytotoxicity against NCI-H187 and Vero cell lines while compound 18 showed moderate cytotoxicity against KB cell line. In addition, compounds 17 and 18 showed moderate to significant antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum.

Seven undescribed scalarane sesterterpenoids, nambiscalaranes B–H (1–7), together with two known compounds, nambiscalarane (8) and aurisin A (9) were isolated from the cultured mycelium of the luminescent mushroom Neonothopanus nambi. Their structures were elucidated by thorough analysis of their 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data. The absolute configurations of 1–8 were determined by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations and optical rotation measurements. The isolated sesterterpenoids were evaluated against A549, HT29, HeLa, and HCT-116 cancer cell lines, and against five bacterial strains. Compounds 3, 5, and 7 showed strong cytotoxicity against HCT-116 cell line, with IC₅₀ values ranging from 13.41 to 16.53 µM, and showed no cytotoxicity towards Vero cells. Moreover, compound 8 inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis with a MIC value of 8 µg/mL, which was equivalent to the MIC value of the standard kanamycin.

Mung bean meal (MBM) is a byproduct of vermicelli production that is usually discarded as waste but has been shown to be a valuable source of functional food ingredients. This study focused on extracting polysaccharides from MBM, analyzing the structures of the two fractions, and assessing their biological activities in vitro. Crude polysaccharides were sequentially extracted and partially purified from mung bean powder using hot water, alkaline solution, amylase hydrolysis, and three-phase partitioning (TPP) to obtain a water-extracted polysaccharide (MBM-P1) and an alkaline-extracted polysaccharide (MBM-P2). Two mung bean meal polysaccharides were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses. The results revealed that MBM-P1 and MBM-P2 differed in their monosaccharide compositions and molecular weights. MBM-P1 was composed of rhamnose (67.80 ± 1.00%), galactose (24.79 ± 0.52%), and arabinose (7.41 ± 1.19%), with molecular weights of 7.89 ± 0.25 and 6.74 ± 0.22 kDa, while MBM-P2 contained galactose (80.99 ± 1.81%), rhamnose (13.72 ± 1.40%), and arabinose (5.29 ± 0.46%), with molecular weights of 93.92 ± 5.73 and 19.03 ± 1.20 kDa. MBM-P1 and MBM-P2 exhibited crystalline and semicrystalline structures, respectively. ¹H NMR analysis indicated that both polysaccharides contained β-configurations. TGA analysis indicated that MBM-P1 possessed a higher structural thermal stability compared to MBM-P2. Moreover, MBM-P1 exhibited notable antioxidant activity, while MBM-P2 effectively promoted the proliferation of Lactobacillus casei, highlighting distinct functional properties of the two polysaccharide fractions. Furthermore, MBM-P1 exhibited dual effects on NO production in RAW 264.7 cells, while MBM-P2 induced only an increase in NO levels, suggesting differential immunomodulatory activities between the two polysaccharide preparations. Overall, the results of this study suggest that MBM-P1 and MBM-P2 from an agro-industrial byproduct have potential as natural functional additives for use in food and pharmaceutical industries.

Three previously undescribed furanone derivatives named siamfuranones A-C (1-3), together with 11 known compounds (4-14), were isolated from the flowers of Uvaria siamensis. Their planar structures were determined through analysis of spectrometric and spectroscopic evidence, while electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations were used to determine their absolute configurations. In addition, gauge-including atomic orbitals (GIAO) NMR chemical shift calculation, supported by the advanced statistical method DP4 plus, was used to confirm the relative configuration of siamfuranone B (2). All the isolated compounds were evaluated against two cancer cell lines (A549 and Hela), and screened for antibacterial activities. Furthermore, they were assessed for cytotoxicity against a normal cell line (Vero cell).