Asphalt and filler interaction plays a key role on the performances of asphalt mastics and mixtures, while the asphalt and filler interaction ability is in turn affected by the material characteristics. In order to analyse the effects of material characteristics on asphalt and filler interaction, two kinds of matrix asphalt binders and three kinds of fillers were used to prepare asphalt mastics with different filler volume fractions. The dynamic shear rheological properties of these asphalt mastics were measured. The evaluation index K–B–G ^* was calculated subsequently to analyse the effects of material characteristics on the asphalt and filler interaction ability. The results show that filler volume fraction, filler particle size, SiO₂ content and asphalt components had various levels of effects on the asphalt and filler interaction ability. Variance analysis was then conducted to rank these influencing factors from high to low as: (1) filler particle size, (2) asphaltene and resins content, (3) filler volume fraction, and (4) SiO₂ content.