According to the WHO, the number of mental disorder patients, especially depression patients, has overgrown and become a leading contributor to the global burden of disease. With the rising of tools such as artificial intelligence, using physiological data to explore new possible physiological indicators of mental disorder and creating new applications for mental disorder diagnosis has become a new research hot topic. We present a multi-modal open dataset for mental-disorder analysis. The dataset includes EEG and recordings of spoken language data from clinically depressed patients and matching normal controls, who were carefully diagnosed and selected by professional psychiatrists in hospitals. The EEG dataset includes data collected using a traditional 128-electrodes mounted elastic cap and a wearable 3-electrode EEG collector for pervasive computing applications. The 128-electrodes EEG signals of 53 participants were recorded as both in resting state and while doing the Dot probe tasks; the 3-electrode EEG signals of 55 participants were recorded in resting-state; the audio data of 52 participants were recorded during interviewing, reading, and picture description.

SUMOylation is a reversible post-translational modification which has emerged as a crucial molecular regulatory mechanism, involved in the regulation of DNA damage repair, immune responses, carcinogenesis, cell cycle progression and apoptosis. Four SUMO isoforms have been identified, which are SUMO1, SUMO2/3 and SUMO4. The small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) pathway is conserved in all eukaryotes and plays pivotal roles in the regulation of gene expression, cellular signaling and the maintenance of genomic integrity. The SUMO catalytic cycle includes maturation, activation, conjugation, ligation and de-modification. The dysregulation of the SUMO system is associated with a number of diseases, particularly cancer. SUMOylation is widely involved in carcinogenesis, DNA damage response, cancer cell proliferation, metastasis and apoptosis. SUMO can be used as a potential therapeutic target for cancer. In this review, we briefly outline the basic concepts of the SUMO system and summarize the involvement of SUMO proteins in cancer cells in order to better understand the role of SUMO in human disease.

: Macrophages constitute a major component of tumor-infiltrating immune cells. M2 macrophages have been reported to promote tumor progression through promoting tumor angiogenesis and metastasis and regulating T-cell function. Here, we identified a protumorigenic subset of macrophages that constitutively expressed programmed cell death 1 (PD1) and accumulated in advanced-stage gastric cancer (GC). These PD1⁺ tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) exhibited an M2-like surface profile, with a significant increase in the expression of CD206, IL-10, and CCL1, and a clear decrease in the expression of MHC class II, CD64, and IL-12 and the ability to phagocytose ovalbumin. Moreover, PD1⁺ TAMs can suppress CD8⁺ T-cell function and this immunosuppressive activity can effectively be enhanced upon triggering PD1 signal. GC-derived exosomes effectively educated monocytes to differentiate into PD1⁺ TAMs with M2 phenotypic and functional characteristics. Together, our results are the first to show that GC-derived exosomes can effectively induce PD1⁺ TAM generation, and these cells can produce a large number of IL-10, impair CD8⁺ T-cell function, and thereby create conditions that promote GC progression. Thus, methods in which immunotherapy is combined with targeting PD1⁺ TAMs and tumor-derived exosomes should be used to restore immune function in GC patients.

The application of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy as a tumor immunotherapy has received great interest in recent years. This therapeutic approach has been used to treat hematological malignancies solid tumors. However, it is associated with adverse reactions such as, cytokine release syndrome (CRS), immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), off-target effects, anaphylaxis, infections associated with CAR-T-cell infusion (CTI), tumor lysis syndrome (TLS), B-cell dysplasia, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)/macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) and coagulation disorders. These adverse reactions can be life-threatening, and thus they should be identified early and treated effectively. In this paper, we review the adverse reactions associated with CAR-T cells, the mechanisms driving such adverse reactions, and strategies to subvert them. This review will provide important reference data to guide clinical application of CAR-T cell therapy.

T cell receptor-engineered T cell (TCR-T) therapy is free from the limit of surface antigen expression of the target cells, which is a potential cellular immunotherapy for cancer treatment. Significant advances in the treatment of hematologic malignancies with cellular immunotherapy have aroused the interest of researchers in the treatment of solid tumors. Nevertheless, the overall efficacy of TCR-T cell immunotherapy in solid tumors was not significantly high when compared with hematological malignancies. In this article, we pay attention to the barriers of TCR-T cell immunotherapy for solid tumors, as well as the strategies affecting the efficacy of TCR-T cell immunotherapy. To provide some reference for researchers to better overcome the impact of TCR-T cell efficiency in solid tumors.

Although Al has a lower redox potential [Al³⁺/Al, −1.67 V vs. SHE] than most metallic ions, metal galvanic replacement reactions on pure aluminum foil can be hardly observed because of the existence of the thin layer of aluminum oxide, In this work, we develop a facile, economical and general approach to achieve large-scale production of silver and gold dendrites as well as other metal hierarchical micro/nanostructures (Cu, Pt, Pd, Ni, Co and Zn) on commercial aluminum foil in the presence of NaF or NH₄F. Studies of the galvanic replacement reaction by open circuit potential–time (OCP–t) measurements demonstrate that fluoride plays an important role in etching the alumina layer and thus induces the continuous proceeding of the galvanic replacement reaction. The synthesis process is carried out at room temperature and without any templates, surfactants, or special reagents. The obtained silver and gold dendrites show significantly enhanced SERS signals of a self-assembled monolayer of 2-naphthalenethiol and 4-mercaptobenzoic acid, and also could effectively catalyze the reduction reaction of 4-nitrophenol and 2-nitrophenol at room temperature.