Aim: This study’s aim was to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of mothers regarding childhood vaccination during the first five years of children’s lives in Saudi Arabia. Method: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted with the application of convenience sampling, and 262 questionnaires were completed by Saudi mothers who had children aged 5 years or younger. Results: The majority of the participants were aged 25–31 years (57%), 61% held a bachelor’s degree, and 60.3% had children aged 2–5 years. The knowledge score was 86%, 2492 out of a total score of 2893; the attitude score was 89.1%, 973 out of a total score of 1052; the practice score was 80.5%, 1059 out of a total score of 1315. There was no evidence of an association (p > 0.05) between the knowledge, attitudes, and practice of mothers regarding vaccination and their sociodemographic aspects. Conclusion: The Saudi mothers in our sample were knowledgeable, with positive attitudes regarding vaccination, and they demonstrated good practices. This might be explained by the higher educational level of our sample. Recommendations: We recommend using multiple educational methods to support the practice of mothers regarding the management of complications of vaccinations.

Aim: To determine the prevalence of LBP and the associated risk factors among nurses at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH). Methods: A cross-sectional study design was adopted with a convenience sample of 234 nurses recruited from nine different departments at KAUH in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Participants completed the questionnaire, which had two parts: Part I: Socio-demographic data, medical factors, and work-related factors; and Part II: Standardized Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire was used to obtain data. Data collection was carried out from March to April 2020. Data were analyzed using the SPSS version 22. Results: Cumulative prevalence of LBP was 82.9%, annual prevalence was 85.5%, while one-week prevalence of LBP was 53.6%. The factor significantly associated with LBP over the past 12 months was manual lifting of patients (p = 0.030). Nurses working in surgical wards had higher prevalence of LBP. About 24.7% of them changed their working unit, hospitalization was necessary for 11.9%, and 39.8% sought medical care. Conclusions: The findings from this study may better enable policymakers to adopt certain strategies toward reducing the burdens and challenges of LBP among nurses.

Background. Patients with cancer pursue all possible opportunities of effective remedies. In Saudi Arabia, most patients have tried complementary medicine during their cancer treatment plan; however, some complementary medicines might pose a danger to health. In Arab countries, studies regarding the use of complementary medicines and the intentions behind using complementary medicines among cancer patients are inadequate and all but nonexistent. The aim of this review was to focus on demographic, prevalence, and reasons for complementary and alternative medicine use among patients with cancer. Methods. A rigorous literature search was conducted for articles published in the English language, using the search terms complementary and alternative medicine, oncology, malignancy AND cancer patients in five scientific databases, namely, Medical Literature On-Line (MEDLINE), PubMed, Web of Science, Psychology Information (PsycINFO), and Google Scholar, from 2010 to 2020. Results. Of the 13,160 studies returned from the search, only 12 were eligible and included in this review. The combined prevalence for using complementary and alternative medicines across all studies totaled 2580 of cancer patients for the treatment of their cancers. Natural products, including vitamins and minerals, herbal products, and relaxation, were the most common type of complementary and alternative medicines used. The reason for using complementary and alternative medicines was reported to be their helpfulness in recovering, healing, and improving health. Most of the studies mentioned that participants obtained their complementary and alternative medicines from multiple sources, including the media, family and friends, and physicians. Conclusion. The use of complementary and alternative medicines in cancer patients can be inferred as an attempt to investigate all possibilities, a manifestation of a coping style, or an illustration of unmet desires in the cancer management continuum. Anyhow, there should be adequate communication between healthcare providers and patients, which is crucial for establishing a trusting healthcare provider-patient relationship. Relevance to clinical practice. It is crucial that healthcare providers explore the use of complementary and alternative medicines with their cancer patients, as well as educating them about the possible usefulness of therapies based on the available evidence.

This review article explores the transformative impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) in cancer research. It focuses on the critical role of AI in medical imaging for cancer detection, exploring deep learning algorithms for image recognition and feature extraction. The study also examines the challenges and considerations in implementing AI for image analysis in cancer diagnosis. AI is also utilized for mining and analyzing large-scale omics data, such as genomics and proteomics. It is used to decipher complex genetic mutations and signaling pathways in cancer, integrating clinical and molecular data for more accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. The review also discusses AI applications in drug discovery, target identification and drug repurposing for cancer. AI-driven algorithms are used to predict drug responses and identify novel therapeutic targets, with case studies illustrating successful applications. The review evaluates the impact of AI on clinical decision-making and patient care, highlighting the challenges and opportunities in translating AI research into clinical practice. The review concludes with future directions and innovations, exploring emerging trends and potential advancements in AI-driven cancer research.

Background: Simulation-based learning (SBL) in nursing education is an innovative pedagogical approach that has significantly improved nursing education. Adopting SBL provides a controlled environment for meeting educational objectives without the risk of harm to real patients. Given that social distancing is required during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, SBL is a suitable alternative to clinical training for nursing students to learn and acquire the required clinical competencies. The study aimed to describe the effectiveness of SBL as a complete substitute for clinical experience from the perspective of students. This cross-sectional descriptive survey investigated students’ perceptions regarding the description of the effectiveness of SBL in four nursing colleges at four different universities across the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Settings: Four nursing colleges at four different universities across the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Participants included nursing students who attended simulation sessions. Data were collected by distributing a self-administrated online questionnaire, the Modified Simulation Effectiveness Tool (SET-M), which is a 19-item. Results: Approximately two-thirds of the participants were in their third (30.4%) and fourth (44.5%) academic year. The highest student presentation was for Site 1 (39.5%) and Site 2 (32.5%). Significant differences existed in all domains according to sex and university (p ≤ 0.001). There was a significant difference in relation to the level of agreement for pre-briefing, scenario, and debriefing domains (<0.001). Conclusions: SBL is a valuable teaching strategy that enhances nursing students’ self-awareness, self-confidence, clinical performance, and efficiency in performing procedures with considerable gender variation. Female students had more positive perceptions toward simulation effectiveness.