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In March 2021, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. The phylum was expanded by four families (Aliusviridae, Crepuscuviridae, Myriaviridae, and Natareviridae), three subfamilies (Alpharhabdovirinae, Betarhabdovirinae, and Gammarhabdovirinae), 42 genera, and 200 species. Thirty-nine species were renamed and/or moved and seven species were abolished. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV.
Jens H. Kuhn; Scott Adkins; Bernard R. Agwanda; Rim Al Kubrusli; Sergey V. Alkhovsky; Gaya K. Amarasinghe; Tatjana Avšič-Županc; María A. Ayllón; Justin Bahl; Anne Balkema-Buschmann; Matthew J. Ballinger; Christopher F. Basler; Sina Bavari; Martin Beer; Nicolas Bejerman; Andrew J. Bennett; Dennis A. Bente; Éric Bergeron; Brian H. Bird; Carol D. Blair; Kim R. Blasdell; Dag-Ragnar Blystad; Jamie Bojko; Wayne B. Borth; Steven Bradfute; Rachel Breyta; Thomas Briese; Paul A. Brown; Judith K. Brown; Ursula J. Buchholz; Michael J. Buchmeier; Alexander Bukreyev; Felicity Burt; Carmen Büttner; Charles H. Calisher; Mengji Cao; Inmaculada Casas; Kartik Chandran; Rémi N. Charrel; Qi Cheng; Yuya Chiaki; Marco Chiapello; Il-Ryong Choi; Marina Ciuffo; J. Christopher S. Clegg; Ian Crozier; Elena Dal Bó; Juan Carlos de la Torre; Xavier de Lamballerie; Rik L. de Swart; Humberto Debat; Nolwenn M. Dheilly; Emiliano Di Cicco; Nicholas Di Paola; Francesco Di Serio; Ralf G. Dietzgen; Michele Digiaro; Olga Dolnik; Michael A. Drebot; J. Felix Drexler; William G. Dundon; W. Paul Duprex; Ralf Dürrwald; John M. Dye; Andrew J. Easton; Hideki Ebihara; Toufic Elbeaino; Koray Ergünay; Hugh W. Ferguson; Anthony R. Fooks; Marco Forgia; Pierre B. H. Formenty; Jana Fránová; Juliana Freitas-Astúa; Jingjing Fu; Stephanie Fürl; Selma Gago-Zachert; George Fú Gāo; María Laura García; Adolfo García-Sastre; Aura R. Garrison; Thomas Gaskin; Jean-Paul J. Gonzalez; Anthony Griffiths; Tony L. Goldberg; Martin H. Groschup; Stephan Günther; Roy A. Hall; John Hammond; Tong Han; Jussi Hepojoki; Roger Hewson; Jiang Hong; Ni Hong; Seiji Hongo; Masayuki Horie; John S. Hu; Tao Hu; Holly R. Hughes; Florian Hüttner; Timothy H. Hyndman; M. Ilyas; Risto Jalkanen; Dàohóng Jiāng; Gilda B. Jonson; Sandra Junglen; Fujio Kadono; Karia H. Kaukinen; Michael Kawate; Boris Klempa; Jonas Klingström; Gary Kobinger; Igor Koloniuk; Hideki Kondō; Eugene V. Koonin; Mart Krupovic; Kenji Kubota; Gael Kurath; Lies Laenen; Amy J. Lambert; Stanley L. Langevin; Benhur Lee; Elliot J. Lefkowitz; Eric M. Leroy; Shaorong Li; Longhui Li; Jiànróng Lǐ; Huazhen Liu; Igor S. Lukashevich; Piet Maes; William Marciel de Souza; Marco Marklewitz; Sergio H. Marshall; Shin-Yi L. Marzano; Sebastien Massart; John W. McCauley; Michael Melzer; Nicole Mielke-Ehret; Kristina M. Miller; Tobi J. Ming; Ali Mirazimi; Gideon J. Mordecai; Hans-Peter Mühlbach; Elke Mühlberger; Rayapati Naidu; Tomohide Natsuaki; José A. Navarro; Sergey V. Netesov; Gabriele Neumann; Norbert Nowotny; Márcio R. T. Nunes; Alejandro Olmedo-Velarde; Gustavo Palacios; Vicente Pallás; Bernadett Pályi; Anna Papa; Sofia Paraskevopoulou; Adam C. Park; Colin R. Parrish; David A. Patterson; Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa; Janusz T. Pawęska; Susan Payne; Carlotta Peracchio; Daniel R. Pérez; Thomas S. Postler; Liying Qi; Sheli R. Radoshitzky; Renato O. Resende; Carina A. Reyes; Bertus K. Rima; Gabriel Robles Luna; Víctor Romanowski; Paul Rota; Dennis Rubbenstroth; Luisa Rubino; Jonathan A. Runstadler; Sead Sabanadzovic; Amadou Alpha Sall; Maria S. Salvato; Rosemary Sang; Takahide Sasaya; Angela D. Schulze; Martin Schwemmle; Mang Shi; Xiǎohóng Shí; Zhènglì Shí; Yoshifumi Shimomoto; Yukio Shirako; Stuart G. Siddell; Peter Simmonds; Manuela Sironi; Guy Smagghe; Sophie Smither; Jin-Won Song; Kirsten Spann; Jessica R. Spengler; Mark D. Stenglein; David M. Stone; Jari Sugano; Curtis A. Suttle; Amy Tabata; Ayato Takada; Shigeharu Takeuchi; David P. Tchouassi; Amy Teffer; Robert B. Tesh; Natalie J. Thornburg; Yasuhiro Tomitaka; Keizō Tomonaga; Noël Tordo; Baldwyn Torto; Jonathan S. Towner; Shinya Tsuda; Changchun Tu; Massimo Turina; Ioannis E. Tzanetakis; Janice Uchida; Tomio Usugi; Anna Maria Vaira; Marta Vallino; Bernadette Van Den Hoogen; Arvind Varsani; Nikos Vasilakis; Martin Verbeek; Susanne von Bargen; Jiro Wada; Victoria Wahl; Peter J. Walker; Lin-Fa Wang; Guoping Wang; Yanxiang Wang; Yaqin Wang; Muhammad Waqas; Tàiyún Wèi; Shaohua Wen; Anna E. Whitfield; John V. Williams; Yuri I. Wolf; Jiangxiang Wu; Lei Xu; Hironobu Yanagisawa; Caixia Yang; Zuokun Yang; F. Murilo Zerbini; Lifeng Zhai; Yong-Zhen Zhang; Song Zhang; Jinguo Zhang; Zhe Zhang; Xueping Zhou. 2021 Taxonomic update of phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales. Archives of Virology 2021, 1 -54.
AMA StyleJens H. Kuhn, Scott Adkins, Bernard R. Agwanda, Rim Al Kubrusli, Sergey V. Alkhovsky, Gaya K. Amarasinghe, Tatjana Avšič-Županc, María A. Ayllón, Justin Bahl, Anne Balkema-Buschmann, Matthew J. Ballinger, Christopher F. Basler, Sina Bavari, Martin Beer, Nicolas Bejerman, Andrew J. Bennett, Dennis A. Bente, Éric Bergeron, Brian H. Bird, Carol D. Blair, Kim R. Blasdell, Dag-Ragnar Blystad, Jamie Bojko, Wayne B. Borth, Steven Bradfute, Rachel Breyta, Thomas Briese, Paul A. Brown, Judith K. Brown, Ursula J. Buchholz, Michael J. Buchmeier, Alexander Bukreyev, Felicity Burt, Carmen Büttner, Charles H. Calisher, Mengji Cao, Inmaculada Casas, Kartik Chandran, Rémi N. Charrel, Qi Cheng, Yuya Chiaki, Marco Chiapello, Il-Ryong Choi, Marina Ciuffo, J. Christopher S. Clegg, Ian Crozier, Elena Dal Bó, Juan Carlos de la Torre, Xavier de Lamballerie, Rik L. de Swart, Humberto Debat, Nolwenn M. Dheilly, Emiliano Di Cicco, Nicholas Di Paola, Francesco Di Serio, Ralf G. Dietzgen, Michele Digiaro, Olga Dolnik, Michael A. Drebot, J. Felix Drexler, William G. Dundon, W. Paul Duprex, Ralf Dürrwald, John M. Dye, Andrew J. Easton, Hideki Ebihara, Toufic Elbeaino, Koray Ergünay, Hugh W. Ferguson, Anthony R. Fooks, Marco Forgia, Pierre B. H. Formenty, Jana Fránová, Juliana Freitas-Astúa, Jingjing Fu, Stephanie Fürl, Selma Gago-Zachert, George Fú Gāo, María Laura García, Adolfo García-Sastre, Aura R. Garrison, Thomas Gaskin, Jean-Paul J. Gonzalez, Anthony Griffiths, Tony L. Goldberg, Martin H. Groschup, Stephan Günther, Roy A. Hall, John Hammond, Tong Han, Jussi Hepojoki, Roger Hewson, Jiang Hong, Ni Hong, Seiji Hongo, Masayuki Horie, John S. Hu, Tao Hu, Holly R. Hughes, Florian Hüttner, Timothy H. Hyndman, M. Ilyas, Risto Jalkanen, Dàohóng Jiāng, Gilda B. Jonson, Sandra Junglen, Fujio Kadono, Karia H. Kaukinen, Michael Kawate, Boris Klempa, Jonas Klingström, Gary Kobinger, Igor Koloniuk, Hideki Kondō, Eugene V. Koonin, Mart Krupovic, Kenji Kubota, Gael Kurath, Lies Laenen, Amy J. Lambert, Stanley L. Langevin, Benhur Lee, Elliot J. Lefkowitz, Eric M. Leroy, Shaorong Li, Longhui Li, Jiànróng Lǐ, Huazhen Liu, Igor S. Lukashevich, Piet Maes, William Marciel de Souza, Marco Marklewitz, Sergio H. Marshall, Shin-Yi L. Marzano, Sebastien Massart, John W. McCauley, Michael Melzer, Nicole Mielke-Ehret, Kristina M. Miller, Tobi J. Ming, Ali Mirazimi, Gideon J. Mordecai, Hans-Peter Mühlbach, Elke Mühlberger, Rayapati Naidu, Tomohide Natsuaki, José A. Navarro, Sergey V. Netesov, Gabriele Neumann, Norbert Nowotny, Márcio R. T. Nunes, Alejandro Olmedo-Velarde, Gustavo Palacios, Vicente Pallás, Bernadett Pályi, Anna Papa, Sofia Paraskevopoulou, Adam C. Park, Colin R. Parrish, David A. Patterson, Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa, Janusz T. Pawęska, Susan Payne, Carlotta Peracchio, Daniel R. Pérez, Thomas S. Postler, Liying Qi, Sheli R. Radoshitzky, Renato O. Resende, Carina A. Reyes, Bertus K. Rima, Gabriel Robles Luna, Víctor Romanowski, Paul Rota, Dennis Rubbenstroth, Luisa Rubino, Jonathan A. Runstadler, Sead Sabanadzovic, Amadou Alpha Sall, Maria S. Salvato, Rosemary Sang, Takahide Sasaya, Angela D. Schulze, Martin Schwemmle, Mang Shi, Xiǎohóng Shí, Zhènglì Shí, Yoshifumi Shimomoto, Yukio Shirako, Stuart G. Siddell, Peter Simmonds, Manuela Sironi, Guy Smagghe, Sophie Smither, Jin-Won Song, Kirsten Spann, Jessica R. Spengler, Mark D. Stenglein, David M. Stone, Jari Sugano, Curtis A. Suttle, Amy Tabata, Ayato Takada, Shigeharu Takeuchi, David P. Tchouassi, Amy Teffer, Robert B. Tesh, Natalie J. Thornburg, Yasuhiro Tomitaka, Keizō Tomonaga, Noël Tordo, Baldwyn Torto, Jonathan S. Towner, Shinya Tsuda, Changchun Tu, Massimo Turina, Ioannis E. Tzanetakis, Janice Uchida, Tomio Usugi, Anna Maria Vaira, Marta Vallino, Bernadette Van Den Hoogen, Arvind Varsani, Nikos Vasilakis, Martin Verbeek, Susanne von Bargen, Jiro Wada, Victoria Wahl, Peter J. Walker, Lin-Fa Wang, Guoping Wang, Yanxiang Wang, Yaqin Wang, Muhammad Waqas, Tàiyún Wèi, Shaohua Wen, Anna E. Whitfield, John V. Williams, Yuri I. Wolf, Jiangxiang Wu, Lei Xu, Hironobu Yanagisawa, Caixia Yang, Zuokun Yang, F. Murilo Zerbini, Lifeng Zhai, Yong-Zhen Zhang, Song Zhang, Jinguo Zhang, Zhe Zhang, Xueping Zhou. 2021 Taxonomic update of phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales. Archives of Virology. 2021; ():1-54.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJens H. Kuhn; Scott Adkins; Bernard R. Agwanda; Rim Al Kubrusli; Sergey V. Alkhovsky; Gaya K. Amarasinghe; Tatjana Avšič-Županc; María A. Ayllón; Justin Bahl; Anne Balkema-Buschmann; Matthew J. Ballinger; Christopher F. Basler; Sina Bavari; Martin Beer; Nicolas Bejerman; Andrew J. Bennett; Dennis A. Bente; Éric Bergeron; Brian H. Bird; Carol D. Blair; Kim R. Blasdell; Dag-Ragnar Blystad; Jamie Bojko; Wayne B. Borth; Steven Bradfute; Rachel Breyta; Thomas Briese; Paul A. Brown; Judith K. Brown; Ursula J. Buchholz; Michael J. Buchmeier; Alexander Bukreyev; Felicity Burt; Carmen Büttner; Charles H. Calisher; Mengji Cao; Inmaculada Casas; Kartik Chandran; Rémi N. Charrel; Qi Cheng; Yuya Chiaki; Marco Chiapello; Il-Ryong Choi; Marina Ciuffo; J. Christopher S. Clegg; Ian Crozier; Elena Dal Bó; Juan Carlos de la Torre; Xavier de Lamballerie; Rik L. de Swart; Humberto Debat; Nolwenn M. Dheilly; Emiliano Di Cicco; Nicholas Di Paola; Francesco Di Serio; Ralf G. Dietzgen; Michele Digiaro; Olga Dolnik; Michael A. Drebot; J. Felix Drexler; William G. Dundon; W. Paul Duprex; Ralf Dürrwald; John M. Dye; Andrew J. Easton; Hideki Ebihara; Toufic Elbeaino; Koray Ergünay; Hugh W. Ferguson; Anthony R. Fooks; Marco Forgia; Pierre B. H. Formenty; Jana Fránová; Juliana Freitas-Astúa; Jingjing Fu; Stephanie Fürl; Selma Gago-Zachert; George Fú Gāo; María Laura García; Adolfo García-Sastre; Aura R. Garrison; Thomas Gaskin; Jean-Paul J. Gonzalez; Anthony Griffiths; Tony L. Goldberg; Martin H. Groschup; Stephan Günther; Roy A. Hall; John Hammond; Tong Han; Jussi Hepojoki; Roger Hewson; Jiang Hong; Ni Hong; Seiji Hongo; Masayuki Horie; John S. Hu; Tao Hu; Holly R. Hughes; Florian Hüttner; Timothy H. Hyndman; M. Ilyas; Risto Jalkanen; Dàohóng Jiāng; Gilda B. Jonson; Sandra Junglen; Fujio Kadono; Karia H. Kaukinen; Michael Kawate; Boris Klempa; Jonas Klingström; Gary Kobinger; Igor Koloniuk; Hideki Kondō; Eugene V. Koonin; Mart Krupovic; Kenji Kubota; Gael Kurath; Lies Laenen; Amy J. Lambert; Stanley L. Langevin; Benhur Lee; Elliot J. Lefkowitz; Eric M. Leroy; Shaorong Li; Longhui Li; Jiànróng Lǐ; Huazhen Liu; Igor S. Lukashevich; Piet Maes; William Marciel de Souza; Marco Marklewitz; Sergio H. Marshall; Shin-Yi L. Marzano; Sebastien Massart; John W. McCauley; Michael Melzer; Nicole Mielke-Ehret; Kristina M. Miller; Tobi J. Ming; Ali Mirazimi; Gideon J. Mordecai; Hans-Peter Mühlbach; Elke Mühlberger; Rayapati Naidu; Tomohide Natsuaki; José A. Navarro; Sergey V. Netesov; Gabriele Neumann; Norbert Nowotny; Márcio R. T. Nunes; Alejandro Olmedo-Velarde; Gustavo Palacios; Vicente Pallás; Bernadett Pályi; Anna Papa; Sofia Paraskevopoulou; Adam C. Park; Colin R. Parrish; David A. Patterson; Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa; Janusz T. Pawęska; Susan Payne; Carlotta Peracchio; Daniel R. Pérez; Thomas S. Postler; Liying Qi; Sheli R. Radoshitzky; Renato O. Resende; Carina A. Reyes; Bertus K. Rima; Gabriel Robles Luna; Víctor Romanowski; Paul Rota; Dennis Rubbenstroth; Luisa Rubino; Jonathan A. Runstadler; Sead Sabanadzovic; Amadou Alpha Sall; Maria S. Salvato; Rosemary Sang; Takahide Sasaya; Angela D. Schulze; Martin Schwemmle; Mang Shi; Xiǎohóng Shí; Zhènglì Shí; Yoshifumi Shimomoto; Yukio Shirako; Stuart G. Siddell; Peter Simmonds; Manuela Sironi; Guy Smagghe; Sophie Smither; Jin-Won Song; Kirsten Spann; Jessica R. Spengler; Mark D. Stenglein; David M. Stone; Jari Sugano; Curtis A. Suttle; Amy Tabata; Ayato Takada; Shigeharu Takeuchi; David P. Tchouassi; Amy Teffer; Robert B. Tesh; Natalie J. Thornburg; Yasuhiro Tomitaka; Keizō Tomonaga; Noël Tordo; Baldwyn Torto; Jonathan S. Towner; Shinya Tsuda; Changchun Tu; Massimo Turina; Ioannis E. Tzanetakis; Janice Uchida; Tomio Usugi; Anna Maria Vaira; Marta Vallino; Bernadette Van Den Hoogen; Arvind Varsani; Nikos Vasilakis; Martin Verbeek; Susanne von Bargen; Jiro Wada; Victoria Wahl; Peter J. Walker; Lin-Fa Wang; Guoping Wang; Yanxiang Wang; Yaqin Wang; Muhammad Waqas; Tàiyún Wèi; Shaohua Wen; Anna E. Whitfield; John V. Williams; Yuri I. Wolf; Jiangxiang Wu; Lei Xu; Hironobu Yanagisawa; Caixia Yang; Zuokun Yang; F. Murilo Zerbini; Lifeng Zhai; Yong-Zhen Zhang; Song Zhang; Jinguo Zhang; Zhe Zhang; Xueping Zhou. 2021. "2021 Taxonomic update of phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales." Archives of Virology , no. : 1-54.
Hemorrhagic smallpox, caused by variola virus (VARV), was a rare but nearly 100% lethal human disease manifestation. Hemorrhagic smallpox is frequently characterized by secondary bacterial infection, coagulopathy, and myocardial and subendocardial hemorrhages. Previous experiments have demonstrated that intravenous (IV) cowpox virus (CPXV) exposure of macaques mimics human hemorrhagic smallpox. The goal of this experiment was to further understand the onset, nature, and severity of cardiac pathology and how it may contribute to disease. The findings support an acute late-stage myocarditis with lymphohistiocytic infiltrates in the CPXV model of hemorrhagic smallpox.
Reed Johnson; Lauren Keith; Timothy Cooper; Srikanth Yellayi; Nicole Josleyn; Krisztina Janosko; James Pettitt; David Thomasson; Katie Hagen; Robin Gross; John Bernbaum; Debbie Douglas; Jeffrey Solomon; Mark Martinez; Kurt Cooper; Marisa St. Claire; Danny Ragland; Peter Jahrling; Jens Kuhn; Andrew Arai. Acute Late-Stage Myocarditis in the Crab-Eating Macaque Model of Hemorrhagic Smallpox. Viruses 2021, 13, 1571 .
AMA StyleReed Johnson, Lauren Keith, Timothy Cooper, Srikanth Yellayi, Nicole Josleyn, Krisztina Janosko, James Pettitt, David Thomasson, Katie Hagen, Robin Gross, John Bernbaum, Debbie Douglas, Jeffrey Solomon, Mark Martinez, Kurt Cooper, Marisa St. Claire, Danny Ragland, Peter Jahrling, Jens Kuhn, Andrew Arai. Acute Late-Stage Myocarditis in the Crab-Eating Macaque Model of Hemorrhagic Smallpox. Viruses. 2021; 13 (8):1571.
Chicago/Turabian StyleReed Johnson; Lauren Keith; Timothy Cooper; Srikanth Yellayi; Nicole Josleyn; Krisztina Janosko; James Pettitt; David Thomasson; Katie Hagen; Robin Gross; John Bernbaum; Debbie Douglas; Jeffrey Solomon; Mark Martinez; Kurt Cooper; Marisa St. Claire; Danny Ragland; Peter Jahrling; Jens Kuhn; Andrew Arai. 2021. "Acute Late-Stage Myocarditis in the Crab-Eating Macaque Model of Hemorrhagic Smallpox." Viruses 13, no. 8: 1571.
The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) has recently adopted a comprehensive, hierarchical system of virus taxa. The highest ranks in this hierarchy are realms, each of which is considered monophyletic but apparently originated independently of other realms.
Mart Krupovic; Jens H. Kuhn; Fengbin Wang; Diana P. Baquero; Valerian V. Dolja; Edward H. Egelman; David Prangishvili; Eugene V. Koonin. Adnaviria : a New Realm for Archaeal Filamentous Viruses with Linear A-Form Double-Stranded DNA Genomes. Journal of Virology 2021, 95, 1 .
AMA StyleMart Krupovic, Jens H. Kuhn, Fengbin Wang, Diana P. Baquero, Valerian V. Dolja, Edward H. Egelman, David Prangishvili, Eugene V. Koonin. Adnaviria : a New Realm for Archaeal Filamentous Viruses with Linear A-Form Double-Stranded DNA Genomes. Journal of Virology. 2021; 95 (15):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMart Krupovic; Jens H. Kuhn; Fengbin Wang; Diana P. Baquero; Valerian V. Dolja; Edward H. Egelman; David Prangishvili; Eugene V. Koonin. 2021. "Adnaviria : a New Realm for Archaeal Filamentous Viruses with Linear A-Form Double-Stranded DNA Genomes." Journal of Virology 95, no. 15: 1.
This article reports the changes to virus taxonomy approved and ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) in March 2021. The entire ICTV was invited to vote on 290 taxonomic proposals approved by the ICTV Executive Committee at its meeting in October 2020, as well as on the proposed revision of the International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature (ICVCN). All proposals and the revision were ratified by an absolute majority of the ICTV members. Of note, ICTV mandated a uniform rule for virus species naming, which will follow the binomial 'genus-species' format with or without Latinized species epithets. The Study Groups are requested to convert all previously established species names to the new format. ICTV has also abolished the notion of a type species, i.e., a species chosen to serve as a name-bearing type of a virus genus. The remit of ICTV has been clarified through an official definition of ‘virus’ and several other types of mobile genetic elements. The ICVCN and ICTV Statutes have been amended to reflect these changes.
Peter J. Walker; Stuart G. Siddell; Elliot J. Lefkowitz; Arcady R. Mushegian; Evelien M. Adriaenssens; Poliane Alfenas-Zerbini; Andrew J. Davison; Donald M. Dempsey; Bas E. Dutilh; María Laura García; Balázs Harrach; Robert L. Harrison; R. Curtis Hendrickson; Sandra Junglen; Nick J. Knowles; Mart Krupovic; Jens H. Kuhn; Amy J. Lambert; Małgorzata Łobocka; Max L. Nibert; Hanna M. Oksanen; Richard J. Orton; David L. Robertson; Luisa Rubino; Sead Sabanadzovic; Peter Simmonds; Donald B. Smith; Nobuhiro Suzuki; Koenraad Van Dooerslaer; Anne-Mieke Vandamme; Arvind Varsani; Francisco Murilo Zerbini. Changes to virus taxonomy and to the International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2021). Archives of Virology 2021, 166, 2633 -2648.
AMA StylePeter J. Walker, Stuart G. Siddell, Elliot J. Lefkowitz, Arcady R. Mushegian, Evelien M. Adriaenssens, Poliane Alfenas-Zerbini, Andrew J. Davison, Donald M. Dempsey, Bas E. Dutilh, María Laura García, Balázs Harrach, Robert L. Harrison, R. Curtis Hendrickson, Sandra Junglen, Nick J. Knowles, Mart Krupovic, Jens H. Kuhn, Amy J. Lambert, Małgorzata Łobocka, Max L. Nibert, Hanna M. Oksanen, Richard J. Orton, David L. Robertson, Luisa Rubino, Sead Sabanadzovic, Peter Simmonds, Donald B. Smith, Nobuhiro Suzuki, Koenraad Van Dooerslaer, Anne-Mieke Vandamme, Arvind Varsani, Francisco Murilo Zerbini. Changes to virus taxonomy and to the International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2021). Archives of Virology. 2021; 166 (9):2633-2648.
Chicago/Turabian StylePeter J. Walker; Stuart G. Siddell; Elliot J. Lefkowitz; Arcady R. Mushegian; Evelien M. Adriaenssens; Poliane Alfenas-Zerbini; Andrew J. Davison; Donald M. Dempsey; Bas E. Dutilh; María Laura García; Balázs Harrach; Robert L. Harrison; R. Curtis Hendrickson; Sandra Junglen; Nick J. Knowles; Mart Krupovic; Jens H. Kuhn; Amy J. Lambert; Małgorzata Łobocka; Max L. Nibert; Hanna M. Oksanen; Richard J. Orton; David L. Robertson; Luisa Rubino; Sead Sabanadzovic; Peter Simmonds; Donald B. Smith; Nobuhiro Suzuki; Koenraad Van Dooerslaer; Anne-Mieke Vandamme; Arvind Varsani; Francisco Murilo Zerbini. 2021. "Changes to virus taxonomy and to the International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2021)." Archives of Virology 166, no. 9: 2633-2648.
Members of the family Bornaviridae produce enveloped virions containing a linear negative-sense non-segmented RNA genome of about 9 kb. Bornaviruses are found in mammals, birds, reptiles and fish. The most-studied viruses with public health and veterinary impact are Borna disease virus 1 and variegated squirrel bornavirus 1, both of which cause fatal encephalitis in humans. Several orthobornaviruses cause neurological and intestinal disorders in birds, mostly parrots. Endogenous bornavirus-like sequences occur in the genomes of various animals. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family Bornaviridae, which is available at ictv.global/report/bornaviridae.
Dennis Rubbenstroth; Thomas Briese; Ralf Dürrwald; MasayukiHorie(堀江真行); Timothy H. Hyndman; Jens H. Kuhn; Norbert Nowotny; Susan Payne; Mark D. Stenglein; KeizōTomonaga(朝長啓造); ICTV Report Consortium. ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Bornaviridae. Journal of General Virology 2021, 102, 001613 .
AMA StyleDennis Rubbenstroth, Thomas Briese, Ralf Dürrwald, MasayukiHorie(堀江真行), Timothy H. Hyndman, Jens H. Kuhn, Norbert Nowotny, Susan Payne, Mark D. Stenglein, KeizōTomonaga(朝長啓造), ICTV Report Consortium. ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Bornaviridae. Journal of General Virology. 2021; 102 (7):001613.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDennis Rubbenstroth; Thomas Briese; Ralf Dürrwald; MasayukiHorie(堀江真行); Timothy H. Hyndman; Jens H. Kuhn; Norbert Nowotny; Susan Payne; Mark D. Stenglein; KeizōTomonaga(朝長啓造); ICTV Report Consortium. 2021. "ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Bornaviridae." Journal of General Virology 102, no. 7: 001613.
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is endemic in Africa, but the epidemiology remains to be defined. Using a broad database search, we reviewed the literature to better define CCHF evidence in Africa. We used a One Health approach to define the impact of CCHF by reviewing case reports, human and animal serology, and records of CCHF virus (CCHFV) isolations (1956–mid-2020). In addition, published and unpublished collection data were used to estimate the geographic distribution of Hyalomma ticks and infection vectors. We implemented a previously proposed classification scheme for organizing countries into five categories by the level of evidence. From January 1, 1956 to July 25, 2020, 494 CCHF cases (115 lethal) were reported in Africa. Since 2000, nine countries (Kenya, Mali, Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Sudan, and Tunisia) have reported their first CCHF cases. Nineteen countries reported CCHF cases and were assigned level 1 or level 2 based on maturity of their surveillance system. Thirty countries with evidence of CCHFV circulation in the absence of CCHF cases were assigned level 3 or level 4. Twelve countries for which no data were available were assigned level 5. The goal of this review is to inform international organizations, local governments, and healthcare professionals about shortcomings in CCHF surveillance in Africa to assist in a movement toward strengthening policy to improve CCHF surveillance.
Ahmet Irfan Temur; Jens H. Kuhn; David B. Pecor; Dmitry A. Apanaskevich; Maryam Keshtkar-Jahromi. Epidemiology of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) in Africa—Underestimated for Decades. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2021, 104, 1978 -1990.
AMA StyleAhmet Irfan Temur, Jens H. Kuhn, David B. Pecor, Dmitry A. Apanaskevich, Maryam Keshtkar-Jahromi. Epidemiology of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) in Africa—Underestimated for Decades. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 2021; 104 (6):1978-1990.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAhmet Irfan Temur; Jens H. Kuhn; David B. Pecor; Dmitry A. Apanaskevich; Maryam Keshtkar-Jahromi. 2021. "Epidemiology of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) in Africa—Underestimated for Decades." The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 104, no. 6: 1978-1990.
We identified a 9332-nucleotide-long novel picornaviral genome sequence in the transcriptome of an agriculturally important parasitoid wasp (Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae (Rondani, 1875)). The genome of the novel virus, Rondani’s wasp virus 1 (RoWV-1), contains two long open reading frames encoding a nonstructural and a structural protein, respectively, and is 3’-polyadenylated. Phylogenetic analyses firmly place RoWV-1 into the dicistrovirid genus Cripavirus. We detected RoWV-1 in various tissues and life stages of the parasitoid wasp, with the highest virus load measured in the larval digestive tract. We demonstrate that RoWV-1 is transmitted horizontally from infected to uninfected wasps but not vertically to wasp offspring. Comparison of several important biological parameters between the infected and uninfected wasps indicates that RoWV-1 does not have obvious detrimental effects on wasps. We further demonstrate that RoWV-1 also infects Drosophila melanogaster (Meigen, 1830), the hosts of the pupal ectoparasitoid wasps, and thereby increases its pupal developmental duration and fecundity, but decreases the eclosion rate. Together, these results suggest that RoWV-1 may have a potential benefit to the wasp by increasing not only the number of potential wasp hosts but also the developmental time of the hosts to ensure proper development of wasp offspring.
Jiao Zhang; Fei Wang; Bo Yuan; Lei Yang; Yi Yang; Qi Fang; Jens H. Kuhn; Qisheng Song; Gongyin Ye. A novel cripavirus of an ectoparasitoid wasp increases pupal duration and fecundity of the wasp’s Drosophila melanogaster host. The ISME Journal 2021, 1 -19.
AMA StyleJiao Zhang, Fei Wang, Bo Yuan, Lei Yang, Yi Yang, Qi Fang, Jens H. Kuhn, Qisheng Song, Gongyin Ye. A novel cripavirus of an ectoparasitoid wasp increases pupal duration and fecundity of the wasp’s Drosophila melanogaster host. The ISME Journal. 2021; ():1-19.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJiao Zhang; Fei Wang; Bo Yuan; Lei Yang; Yi Yang; Qi Fang; Jens H. Kuhn; Qisheng Song; Gongyin Ye. 2021. "A novel cripavirus of an ectoparasitoid wasp increases pupal duration and fecundity of the wasp’s Drosophila melanogaster host." The ISME Journal , no. : 1-19.
Simian hemorrhagic fever virus (SHFV) causes acute, lethal disease in macaques. We developed a single-plasmid cDNA-launch infectious clone of SHFV (rSHFV) and modified the clone to rescue an enhanced green fluorescent protein-expressing rSHFV-eGFP that can be used for rapid and quantitative detection of infection. SHFV has a narrow cell tropism in vitro, with only the grivet MA-104 cell line and a few other grivet cell lines being susceptible to virion entry and permissive to infection. Using rSHFV-eGFP, we demonstrate that one cricetid rodent cell line and three ape cell lines also fully support SHFV replication, whereas 55 human cell lines, 11 bat cell lines, and three rodent cells do not. Interestingly, some human and other mammalian cell lines apparently resistant to SHFV infection are permissive after transfection with the rSHFV-eGFP cDNA-launch plasmid. To further demonstrate the investigative potential of the infectious clone system, we introduced stop codons into eight viral open reading frames (ORFs). This approach suggested that at least one ORF, ORF 2b’, is dispensable for SHFV in vitro replication. Our proof-of-principle experiments indicated that rSHFV-eGFP is a useful tool for illuminating the understudied molecular biology of SHFV.
Yingyun Cai; Shuiqing Yu; Ying Fang; Laura Bollinger; Yanhua Li; Michael Lauck; Elena Postnikova; Steven Mazur; Reed Johnson; Courtney Finch; Sheli Radoshitzky; Gustavo Palacios; Thomas Friedrich; Tony Goldberg; David O’Connor; Peter Jahrling; Jens Kuhn. Development and Characterization of a cDNA-Launch Recombinant Simian Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Expressing Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein: ORF 2b’ Is Not Required for In Vitro Virus Replication. Viruses 2021, 13, 632 .
AMA StyleYingyun Cai, Shuiqing Yu, Ying Fang, Laura Bollinger, Yanhua Li, Michael Lauck, Elena Postnikova, Steven Mazur, Reed Johnson, Courtney Finch, Sheli Radoshitzky, Gustavo Palacios, Thomas Friedrich, Tony Goldberg, David O’Connor, Peter Jahrling, Jens Kuhn. Development and Characterization of a cDNA-Launch Recombinant Simian Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Expressing Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein: ORF 2b’ Is Not Required for In Vitro Virus Replication. Viruses. 2021; 13 (4):632.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYingyun Cai; Shuiqing Yu; Ying Fang; Laura Bollinger; Yanhua Li; Michael Lauck; Elena Postnikova; Steven Mazur; Reed Johnson; Courtney Finch; Sheli Radoshitzky; Gustavo Palacios; Thomas Friedrich; Tony Goldberg; David O’Connor; Peter Jahrling; Jens Kuhn. 2021. "Development and Characterization of a cDNA-Launch Recombinant Simian Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Expressing Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein: ORF 2b’ Is Not Required for In Vitro Virus Replication." Viruses 13, no. 4: 632.
A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22494-5
Leah A. Owens; Barbara Colitti; Ismail Hirji; Andrea Pizarro; Jenny E. Jaffe; Sophie Moittié; Kimberly A. Bishop-Lilly; Luis A. Estrella; Logan J. Voegtly; Jens H. Kuhn; Garret Suen; Courtney L. Deblois; Christopher D. Dunn; Carles Juan-Sallés; Tony L. Goldberg. Publisher Correction: A Sarcina bacterium linked to lethal disease in sanctuary chimpanzees in Sierra Leone. Nature Communications 2021, 12, 1 -1.
AMA StyleLeah A. Owens, Barbara Colitti, Ismail Hirji, Andrea Pizarro, Jenny E. Jaffe, Sophie Moittié, Kimberly A. Bishop-Lilly, Luis A. Estrella, Logan J. Voegtly, Jens H. Kuhn, Garret Suen, Courtney L. Deblois, Christopher D. Dunn, Carles Juan-Sallés, Tony L. Goldberg. Publisher Correction: A Sarcina bacterium linked to lethal disease in sanctuary chimpanzees in Sierra Leone. Nature Communications. 2021; 12 (1):1-1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeah A. Owens; Barbara Colitti; Ismail Hirji; Andrea Pizarro; Jenny E. Jaffe; Sophie Moittié; Kimberly A. Bishop-Lilly; Luis A. Estrella; Logan J. Voegtly; Jens H. Kuhn; Garret Suen; Courtney L. Deblois; Christopher D. Dunn; Carles Juan-Sallés; Tony L. Goldberg. 2021. "Publisher Correction: A Sarcina bacterium linked to lethal disease in sanctuary chimpanzees in Sierra Leone." Nature Communications 12, no. 1: 1-1.
New solutions are necessary for the singular global health security threat formed by endemic, epidemic, and emerging/re-emerging zoonoses, coupled with epizootic and enzootic transboundary animal diseases (TADs). This One Health issue is related to the daily interactions between wildlife, domesticated and indigenous livestock, and humans primarily associated with global trade, transboundary co-movement of humans and diverse livestock/livestock products, and agriculture production intensification and penetration into previously uninhabited areas. The World Health Organization defines Risk Group 3 (RG-3) and RG-4 pathogens as mainly viruses but also bacteria that serve as the foundation for approximately 60% of emerging infectious diseases that are zoonoses. The World Organisation for Animal Health defines trade-notifiable TADs, and subsets of these are zoonotic. Livestock vaccination policies mainly focus on TADs that are promulgated by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization and government agriculture agencies. The development, licensure, and product manufacturing of next-generation molecular-based RG-3 and RG-4 veterinary vaccines largely ignored by the global animal health biopharmaceutical sector can have an important positive impact on food security and One Health. There have been sharp increases in the global demand for livestock meat and milk products, especially in low- and middle-income countries in Africa and Asia. This relatively recent market driver—coupled with scientific advances in human EID and zoonotic disease vaccine platform technologies and increases in the number of high (US biosafety level 3 agriculture) and maximum (US animal biosafety level 4) biocontainment facilities with supporting workforce capabilities—offers new investment opportunities to the animal health biopharmaceutical sector. Moreover, a growing number of One Health public-private partnerships have moved the net present value calculus in favor of the financial feasibility of RG-3 and RG-4 veterinary vaccine product development and licensure. This article highlights the challenges and opportunities in the use of high and maximum biocontainment facilities in developing and licensing RG-3 and RG-4 veterinary vaccines that are safe and effective against epizootic and enzootic TADs and zoonotic diseases.
David A Brake; Jens H Kuhn; Glenn A Marsh; Martin Beer; Joshua B Fine. Challenges and Opportunities in the Use of High and Maximum Biocontainment Facilities in Developing and Licensing Risk Group 3 and Risk Group 4 Agent Veterinary Vaccines. The ILAR Journal 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleDavid A Brake, Jens H Kuhn, Glenn A Marsh, Martin Beer, Joshua B Fine. Challenges and Opportunities in the Use of High and Maximum Biocontainment Facilities in Developing and Licensing Risk Group 3 and Risk Group 4 Agent Veterinary Vaccines. The ILAR Journal. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavid A Brake; Jens H Kuhn; Glenn A Marsh; Martin Beer; Joshua B Fine. 2021. "Challenges and Opportunities in the Use of High and Maximum Biocontainment Facilities in Developing and Licensing Risk Group 3 and Risk Group 4 Agent Veterinary Vaccines." The ILAR Journal , no. : 1.
Human and animal infections with bacteria of the genus Sarcina (family Clostridiaceae) are associated with gastric dilation and emphysematous gastritis. However, the potential roles of sarcinae as commensals or pathogens remain unclear. Here, we investigate a lethal disease of unknown etiology that affects sanctuary chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) in Sierra Leone. The disease, which we have named “epizootic neurologic and gastroenteric syndrome” (ENGS), is characterized by neurologic and gastrointestinal signs and results in death of the animals, even after medical treatment. Using a case-control study design, we show that ENGS is strongly associated with Sarcina infection. The microorganism is distinct from Sarcina ventriculi and other known members of its genus, based on bacterial morphology and growth characteristics. Whole-genome sequencing confirms this distinction and reveals the presence of genetic features that may account for the unusual virulence of the bacterium. Therefore, we propose that this organism be considered the representative of a new species, named “Candidatus Sarcina troglodytae”. Our results suggest that a heretofore unrecognized complex of related sarcinae likely exists, some of which may be highly virulent. However, the potential role of “Ca. S. troglodytae” in the etiology of ENGS, alone or in combination with other factors, remains a topic for future research.
Leah A. Owens; Barbara Colitti; Ismail Hirji; Andrea Pizarro; Jenny E. Jaffe; Sophie Moittié; Kimberly A. Bishop-Lilly; Luis A. Estrella; Logan J. Voegtly; Jens H. Kuhn; Garret Suen; Courtney L. Deblois; Christopher D. Dunn; Carles Juan-Sallés; Tony L. Goldberg. A Sarcina bacterium linked to lethal disease in sanctuary chimpanzees in Sierra Leone. Nature Communications 2021, 12, 1 -16.
AMA StyleLeah A. Owens, Barbara Colitti, Ismail Hirji, Andrea Pizarro, Jenny E. Jaffe, Sophie Moittié, Kimberly A. Bishop-Lilly, Luis A. Estrella, Logan J. Voegtly, Jens H. Kuhn, Garret Suen, Courtney L. Deblois, Christopher D. Dunn, Carles Juan-Sallés, Tony L. Goldberg. A Sarcina bacterium linked to lethal disease in sanctuary chimpanzees in Sierra Leone. Nature Communications. 2021; 12 (1):1-16.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeah A. Owens; Barbara Colitti; Ismail Hirji; Andrea Pizarro; Jenny E. Jaffe; Sophie Moittié; Kimberly A. Bishop-Lilly; Luis A. Estrella; Logan J. Voegtly; Jens H. Kuhn; Garret Suen; Courtney L. Deblois; Christopher D. Dunn; Carles Juan-Sallés; Tony L. Goldberg. 2021. "A Sarcina bacterium linked to lethal disease in sanctuary chimpanzees in Sierra Leone." Nature Communications 12, no. 1: 1-16.
Ebola virus (EBOV), a member of the mononegaviral family Filoviridae, causes severe disease associated with high lethality in humans. Despite enormous progress in development of EBOV medical countermeasures, no anti-EBOV treatment has been approved. We designed an immunotoxin in which a single-chain variable region fragment of the EBOV glycoprotein-specific monoclonal antibody 6D8 was fused to the effector domains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A (PE38). This immunotoxin, 6D8-PE38, bound specifically to cells expressing EBOV glycoproteins. Importantly, 6D8-PE38 targeted EBOV-infected cells, as evidenced by inhibition of infectious EBOV production from infected cells, including primary human macrophages. The data presented here provide a proof of concept for immunotoxin-based targeted killing of infected cells as a potential antiviral intervention for Ebola virus disease.
Yingyun Cai; Shuiqing Yu; Xiaoli Chi; Sheli R. Radoshitzky; Jens H. Kuhn; Edward A. Berger. An immunotoxin targeting Ebola virus glycoprotein inhibits Ebola virus production from infected cells. PLOS ONE 2021, 16, e0245024 .
AMA StyleYingyun Cai, Shuiqing Yu, Xiaoli Chi, Sheli R. Radoshitzky, Jens H. Kuhn, Edward A. Berger. An immunotoxin targeting Ebola virus glycoprotein inhibits Ebola virus production from infected cells. PLOS ONE. 2021; 16 (1):e0245024.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYingyun Cai; Shuiqing Yu; Xiaoli Chi; Sheli R. Radoshitzky; Jens H. Kuhn; Edward A. Berger. 2021. "An immunotoxin targeting Ebola virus glycoprotein inhibits Ebola virus production from infected cells." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1: e0245024.
Filoviruses, such as Ebola virus and Marburg virus, are of significant human health concern. From 2013 to 2016, Ebola virus caused 11,323 fatalities in Western Africa. Since 2018, two Ebola virus disease outbreaks in the Democratic Republic of the Congo resulted in 2354 fatalities. Although there is progress in medical countermeasure (MCM) development (in particular, vaccines and antibody-based therapeutics), the need for efficacious small-molecule therapeutics remains unmet. Here we describe a novel high-throughput screening assay to identify inhibitors of Ebola virus VP40 matrix protein association with viral particle assembly sites on the interior of the host cell plasma membrane. Using this assay, we screened nearly 3000 small molecules and identified several molecules with the desired inhibitory properties. In secondary assays, one identified compound, sangivamycin, inhibited not only Ebola viral infectivity but also that of other viruses. This finding indicates that it is possible for this new VP40-based screening method to identify highly potent MCMs against Ebola virus and its relatives.
Ryan P. Bennett; Courtney L. Finch; Elena N. Postnikova; Ryan A. Stewart; Yingyun Cai; Shuiqing Yu; Janie Liang; Julie Dyall; Jason D. Salter; Harold C. Smith; Jens H. Kuhn. A Novel Ebola Virus VP40 Matrix Protein-Based Screening for Identification of Novel Candidate Medical Countermeasures. Viruses 2020, 13, 52 .
AMA StyleRyan P. Bennett, Courtney L. Finch, Elena N. Postnikova, Ryan A. Stewart, Yingyun Cai, Shuiqing Yu, Janie Liang, Julie Dyall, Jason D. Salter, Harold C. Smith, Jens H. Kuhn. A Novel Ebola Virus VP40 Matrix Protein-Based Screening for Identification of Novel Candidate Medical Countermeasures. Viruses. 2020; 13 (1):52.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRyan P. Bennett; Courtney L. Finch; Elena N. Postnikova; Ryan A. Stewart; Yingyun Cai; Shuiqing Yu; Janie Liang; Julie Dyall; Jason D. Salter; Harold C. Smith; Jens H. Kuhn. 2020. "A Novel Ebola Virus VP40 Matrix Protein-Based Screening for Identification of Novel Candidate Medical Countermeasures." Viruses 13, no. 1: 52.
We report the discovery and sequence-based molecular characterization of a novel virus, lanama virus (LNMV), in blood samples obtained from two wild vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus), sampled near Lake Nabugabo, Masaka District, Uganda. Sequencing of the complete viral genomes and subsequent phylogenetic analysis identified LNMV as a distinct member of species Kunsagivirus C, in the undercharacterized picornavirid genus Kunsagivirus.
Jens Kuhn; Samuel Sibley; Colin Chapman; Nick Knowles; Michael Lauck; Joshua Johnson; Cristine Lawson; Matthew Lackemeyer; Kim Valenta; Patrick Omeja; Peter Jahrling; David O’Connor; Tony Goldberg. Discovery of Lanama Virus, a Distinct Member of Species Kunsagivirus C (Picornavirales: Picornaviridae), in Wild Vervet Monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus). Viruses 2020, 12, 1436 .
AMA StyleJens Kuhn, Samuel Sibley, Colin Chapman, Nick Knowles, Michael Lauck, Joshua Johnson, Cristine Lawson, Matthew Lackemeyer, Kim Valenta, Patrick Omeja, Peter Jahrling, David O’Connor, Tony Goldberg. Discovery of Lanama Virus, a Distinct Member of Species Kunsagivirus C (Picornavirales: Picornaviridae), in Wild Vervet Monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus). Viruses. 2020; 12 (12):1436.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJens Kuhn; Samuel Sibley; Colin Chapman; Nick Knowles; Michael Lauck; Joshua Johnson; Cristine Lawson; Matthew Lackemeyer; Kim Valenta; Patrick Omeja; Peter Jahrling; David O’Connor; Tony Goldberg. 2020. "Discovery of Lanama Virus, a Distinct Member of Species Kunsagivirus C (Picornavirales: Picornaviridae), in Wild Vervet Monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus)." Viruses 12, no. 12: 1436.
From November 2018 through February 2019, person-to-person transmission of Andes virus (ANDV) hantavirus pulmonary syndrome occurred in Chubut Province, Argentina, and resulted in 34 confirmed infections and 11 deaths. Understanding the genomic, epidemiologic, and clinical characteristics of person-to-person transmission of ANDV is crucial to designing effective interventions. Clinical and epidemiologic information was obtained by means of patient report and from public health centers. Serologic testing, contact-tracing, and next-generation sequencing were used to identify ANDV infection as the cause of this outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome and to reconstruct person-to-person transmission events. After a single introduction of ANDV from a rodent reservoir into the human population, transmission was driven by 3 symptomatic persons who attended crowded social events. After 18 cases were confirmed, public health officials enforced isolation of persons with confirmed cases and self-quarantine of possible contacts; these measures most likely curtailed further spread. The median reproductive number (the number of secondary cases caused by an infected person during the infectious period) was 2.12 before the control measures were enforced and decreased to 0.96 after the measures were implemented. Full genome sequencing of the ANDV strain involved in this outbreak was performed with specimens from 27 patients and showed that the strain that was present (Epuyén/18-19) was similar to the causative strain (Epilink/96) in the first known person-to-person transmission of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome caused by ANDV, which occurred in El Bolsón, Argentina, in 1996. Clinical investigations involving patients with ANDV hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in this outbreak revealed that patients with a high viral load and liver injury were more likely than other patients to spread infection. Disease severity, genomic diversity, age, and time spent in the hospital had no clear association with secondary transmission. Among patients with ANDV hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, high viral titers in combination with attendance at massive social gatherings or extensive contact among persons were associated with a higher likelihood of transmission. (Funded by the Ministerio de Salud y Desarrollo Social de la Nación Argentina and others.).
Valeria P. Martínez; Nicholas Di Paola; Daniel O. Alonso; Unai Pérez-Sautu; Carla M. Bellomo; Ayelén A. Iglesias; Rocio M. Coelho; Beatriz López; Natalia Periolo; Peter A. Larson; Elyse R. Nagle; Joseph A. Chitty; Catherine B. Pratt; Jorge Díaz; Daniel Cisterna; Josefina Campos; Heema Sharma; Bonnie Dighero-Kemp; Emiliano Biondo; Lorena Lewis; Constanza Anselmo; Camila P. Olivera; Fernanda Pontoriero; Enzo Lavarra; Jens H. Kuhn; Teresa Strella; Alexis Edelstein; Miriam I. Burgos; Mario Kaler; Adolfo Rubinstein; Jeffrey R. Kugelman; Mariano Sanchez-Lockhart; Claudia Perandones; Gustavo Palacios. “Super-Spreaders” and Person-to-Person Transmission of Andes Virus in Argentina. New England Journal of Medicine 2020, 383, 2230 -2241.
AMA StyleValeria P. Martínez, Nicholas Di Paola, Daniel O. Alonso, Unai Pérez-Sautu, Carla M. Bellomo, Ayelén A. Iglesias, Rocio M. Coelho, Beatriz López, Natalia Periolo, Peter A. Larson, Elyse R. Nagle, Joseph A. Chitty, Catherine B. Pratt, Jorge Díaz, Daniel Cisterna, Josefina Campos, Heema Sharma, Bonnie Dighero-Kemp, Emiliano Biondo, Lorena Lewis, Constanza Anselmo, Camila P. Olivera, Fernanda Pontoriero, Enzo Lavarra, Jens H. Kuhn, Teresa Strella, Alexis Edelstein, Miriam I. Burgos, Mario Kaler, Adolfo Rubinstein, Jeffrey R. Kugelman, Mariano Sanchez-Lockhart, Claudia Perandones, Gustavo Palacios. “Super-Spreaders” and Person-to-Person Transmission of Andes Virus in Argentina. New England Journal of Medicine. 2020; 383 (23):2230-2241.
Chicago/Turabian StyleValeria P. Martínez; Nicholas Di Paola; Daniel O. Alonso; Unai Pérez-Sautu; Carla M. Bellomo; Ayelén A. Iglesias; Rocio M. Coelho; Beatriz López; Natalia Periolo; Peter A. Larson; Elyse R. Nagle; Joseph A. Chitty; Catherine B. Pratt; Jorge Díaz; Daniel Cisterna; Josefina Campos; Heema Sharma; Bonnie Dighero-Kemp; Emiliano Biondo; Lorena Lewis; Constanza Anselmo; Camila P. Olivera; Fernanda Pontoriero; Enzo Lavarra; Jens H. Kuhn; Teresa Strella; Alexis Edelstein; Miriam I. Burgos; Mario Kaler; Adolfo Rubinstein; Jeffrey R. Kugelman; Mariano Sanchez-Lockhart; Claudia Perandones; Gustavo Palacios. 2020. "“Super-Spreaders” and Person-to-Person Transmission of Andes Virus in Argentina." New England Journal of Medicine 383, no. 23: 2230-2241.
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Andrew J. Bennett; Adrian C. Paskey; Arnt Ebinger; Florian Pfaff; Grit Priemer; Dirk Höper; ANGELE Breithaupt; Elisa Heuser; Rainer G. Ulrich; Jens H. Kuhn; Kimberly A. Bishop-Lilly; Martin Beer; Tony L. Goldberg. Author Correction: Relatives of rubella virus in diverse mammals. Nature 2020, 588, E2 -E2.
AMA StyleAndrew J. Bennett, Adrian C. Paskey, Arnt Ebinger, Florian Pfaff, Grit Priemer, Dirk Höper, ANGELE Breithaupt, Elisa Heuser, Rainer G. Ulrich, Jens H. Kuhn, Kimberly A. Bishop-Lilly, Martin Beer, Tony L. Goldberg. Author Correction: Relatives of rubella virus in diverse mammals. Nature. 2020; 588 (7836):E2-E2.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrew J. Bennett; Adrian C. Paskey; Arnt Ebinger; Florian Pfaff; Grit Priemer; Dirk Höper; ANGELE Breithaupt; Elisa Heuser; Rainer G. Ulrich; Jens H. Kuhn; Kimberly A. Bishop-Lilly; Martin Beer; Tony L. Goldberg. 2020. "Author Correction: Relatives of rubella virus in diverse mammals." Nature 588, no. 7836: E2-E2.
Since 1814, when rubella was first described, the origins of the disease and its causative agent, rubella virus (Matonaviridae: Rubivirus), have remained unclear1. Here we describe ruhugu virus and rustrela virus in Africa and Europe, respectively, which are, to our knowledge, the first known relatives of rubella virus. Ruhugu virus, which is the closest relative of rubella virus, was found in apparently healthy cyclops leaf-nosed bats (Hipposideros cyclops) in Uganda. Rustrela virus, which is an outgroup to the clade that comprises rubella and ruhugu viruses, was found in acutely encephalitic placental and marsupial animals at a zoo in Germany and in wild yellow-necked field mice (Apodemus flavicollis) at and near the zoo. Ruhugu and rustrela viruses share an identical genomic architecture with rubella virus2,3. The amino acid sequences of four putative B cell epitopes in the fusion (E1) protein of the rubella, ruhugu and rustrela viruses and two putative T cell epitopes in the capsid protein of the rubella and ruhugu viruses are moderately to highly conserved4–6. Modelling of E1 homotrimers in the post-fusion state predicts that ruhugu and rubella viruses have a similar capacity for fusion with the host-cell membrane5. Together, these findings show that some members of the family Matonaviridae can cross substantial barriers between host species and that rubella virus probably has a zoonotic origin. Our findings raise concerns about future zoonotic transmission of rubella-like viruses, but will facilitate comparative studies and animal models of rubella and congenital rubella syndrome. Ruhugu virus and rustrela virus are the first close relatives of rubella virus, providing insights into the zoonotic origin of rubella virus and the epidemiology and evolution of all three viruses.
Andrew J. Bennett; Adrian C. Paskey; Arnt Ebinger; Florian Pfaff; Grit Priemer; Dirk Höper; ANGELE Breithaupt; Elisa Heuser; Rainer G. Ulrich; Jens H. Kuhn; Kimberly A. Bishop-Lilly; Martin Beer; Tony L. Goldberg. Relatives of rubella virus in diverse mammals. Nature 2020, 586, 424 -428.
AMA StyleAndrew J. Bennett, Adrian C. Paskey, Arnt Ebinger, Florian Pfaff, Grit Priemer, Dirk Höper, ANGELE Breithaupt, Elisa Heuser, Rainer G. Ulrich, Jens H. Kuhn, Kimberly A. Bishop-Lilly, Martin Beer, Tony L. Goldberg. Relatives of rubella virus in diverse mammals. Nature. 2020; 586 (7829):424-428.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrew J. Bennett; Adrian C. Paskey; Arnt Ebinger; Florian Pfaff; Grit Priemer; Dirk Höper; ANGELE Breithaupt; Elisa Heuser; Rainer G. Ulrich; Jens H. Kuhn; Kimberly A. Bishop-Lilly; Martin Beer; Tony L. Goldberg. 2020. "Relatives of rubella virus in diverse mammals." Nature 586, no. 7829: 424-428.
Mediziner und Wissenschaftler müssen die Gefahren, die von biologischen Waffen ausgehen, kennen und über mögliche vorsätzlich freigesetzte Mikroorganismen informiert sein, um Bevölkerung und Patienten behandeln und ggf. beruhigen zu können.
Jens H. Kuhn; Timo Ulrichs; Gerd-Dieter Burchard. Biologische Waffen – eine Herausforderung an Diagnostik, Therapie, Klinik und Prävention. Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Infektiologie 2020, 1201 -1203.
AMA StyleJens H. Kuhn, Timo Ulrichs, Gerd-Dieter Burchard. Biologische Waffen – eine Herausforderung an Diagnostik, Therapie, Klinik und Prävention. Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Infektiologie. 2020; ():1201-1203.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJens H. Kuhn; Timo Ulrichs; Gerd-Dieter Burchard. 2020. "Biologische Waffen – eine Herausforderung an Diagnostik, Therapie, Klinik und Prävention." Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Infektiologie , no. : 1201-1203.
From 2010 to 2015, 73 common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) housed at the Wisconsin National Primate Research Center (WNPRC) were diagnosed postmortem with lymphocytic enterocolitis. We used unbiased deep-sequencing to screen the blood of deceased enterocolitis-positive marmosets for viruses. In five out of eight common marmosets with lymphocytic enterocolitis, we discovered a novel pegivirus not present in ten matched, clinically normal controls. The novel virus, which we named Southwest bike trail virus (SOBV), is most closely related (68% nucleotide identity) to a strain of simian pegivirus A isolated from a three-striped night monkey (Aotus trivirgatus). We screened 146 living WNPRC common marmosets for SOBV, finding an overall prevalence of 34% (50/146). Over four years, 85 of these 146 animals died or were euthanized. Histological examination revealed 27 SOBV-positive marmosets from this cohort had lymphocytic enterocolitis, compared to 42 SOBV-negative marmosets, indicating no association between SOBV and disease in this cohort (p = 0.0798). We also detected SOBV in two of 33 (6%) clinically normal marmosets screened during transfer from the New England Primate Research Center, suggesting SOBV could be exerting confounding influences on comparisons of common marmoset studies from multiple colonies.
Anna S. Heffron; Michael Lauck; Elizabeth D. Somsen; Elizabeth C. Townsend; Adam L. Bailey; Megan Sosa; Jens Eickhoff; Saverio Capuano Iii; Christina M. Newman; Jens H. Kuhn; Andres Mejia; Heather A. Simmons; David H. O’Connor. Discovery of a Novel Simian Pegivirus in Common Marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) with Lymphocytic Enterocolitis. Microorganisms 2020, 8, 1509 .
AMA StyleAnna S. Heffron, Michael Lauck, Elizabeth D. Somsen, Elizabeth C. Townsend, Adam L. Bailey, Megan Sosa, Jens Eickhoff, Saverio Capuano Iii, Christina M. Newman, Jens H. Kuhn, Andres Mejia, Heather A. Simmons, David H. O’Connor. Discovery of a Novel Simian Pegivirus in Common Marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) with Lymphocytic Enterocolitis. Microorganisms. 2020; 8 (10):1509.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnna S. Heffron; Michael Lauck; Elizabeth D. Somsen; Elizabeth C. Townsend; Adam L. Bailey; Megan Sosa; Jens Eickhoff; Saverio Capuano Iii; Christina M. Newman; Jens H. Kuhn; Andres Mejia; Heather A. Simmons; David H. O’Connor. 2020. "Discovery of a Novel Simian Pegivirus in Common Marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) with Lymphocytic Enterocolitis." Microorganisms 8, no. 10: 1509.
César Muñoz-Fontela; William E. Dowling; Simon G. P. Funnell; Pierre-S. Gsell; A. Ximena Riveros-Balta; Randy A. Albrecht; Hanne Andersen; Ralph S. Baric; Miles W. Carroll; Marco Cavaleri; Chuan Qin; Ian Crozier; Kai Dallmeier; Leon de Waal; Emmie de Wit; Leen Delang; Erik Dohm; W. Paul Duprex; Darryl Falzarano; Courtney L. Finch; Matthew B. Frieman; Barney S. Graham; Lisa E. Gralinski; Kate Guilfoyle; Bart L. Haagmans; Geraldine A. Hamilton; Amy L. Hartman; Sander Herfst; Suzanne J. F. Kaptein; William B. Klimstra; Ivana Knezevic; Philip R. Krause; Jens H. Kuhn; Roger Le Grand; Mark G. Lewis; Wen-Chun Liu; Pauline Maisonnasse; Anita K. McElroy; Vincent Munster; Nadia Oreshkova; Angela L. Rasmussen; Joana Rocha-Pereira; Barry Rockx; Estefanía Rodríguez; Thomas F. Rogers; Francisco J. Salguero; Michael Schotsaert; Koert J. Stittelaar; Hendrik Jan Thibaut; Chien-Te Tseng; Júlia Vergara-Alert; Martin Beer; Trevor Brasel; Jasper F. W. Chan; Adolfo García-Sastre; Johan Neyts; Stanley Perlman; Douglas S. Reed; Juergen A. Richt; Chad J. Roy; Joaquim Segalés; Seshadri S. Vasan; Ana María Henao-Restrepo; Dan H. Barouch. Animal models for COVID-19. Nature 2020, 586, 509 -515.
AMA StyleCésar Muñoz-Fontela, William E. Dowling, Simon G. P. Funnell, Pierre-S. Gsell, A. Ximena Riveros-Balta, Randy A. Albrecht, Hanne Andersen, Ralph S. Baric, Miles W. Carroll, Marco Cavaleri, Chuan Qin, Ian Crozier, Kai Dallmeier, Leon de Waal, Emmie de Wit, Leen Delang, Erik Dohm, W. Paul Duprex, Darryl Falzarano, Courtney L. Finch, Matthew B. Frieman, Barney S. Graham, Lisa E. Gralinski, Kate Guilfoyle, Bart L. Haagmans, Geraldine A. Hamilton, Amy L. Hartman, Sander Herfst, Suzanne J. F. Kaptein, William B. Klimstra, Ivana Knezevic, Philip R. Krause, Jens H. Kuhn, Roger Le Grand, Mark G. Lewis, Wen-Chun Liu, Pauline Maisonnasse, Anita K. McElroy, Vincent Munster, Nadia Oreshkova, Angela L. Rasmussen, Joana Rocha-Pereira, Barry Rockx, Estefanía Rodríguez, Thomas F. Rogers, Francisco J. Salguero, Michael Schotsaert, Koert J. Stittelaar, Hendrik Jan Thibaut, Chien-Te Tseng, Júlia Vergara-Alert, Martin Beer, Trevor Brasel, Jasper F. W. Chan, Adolfo García-Sastre, Johan Neyts, Stanley Perlman, Douglas S. Reed, Juergen A. Richt, Chad J. Roy, Joaquim Segalés, Seshadri S. Vasan, Ana María Henao-Restrepo, Dan H. Barouch. Animal models for COVID-19. Nature. 2020; 586 (7830):509-515.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCésar Muñoz-Fontela; William E. Dowling; Simon G. P. Funnell; Pierre-S. Gsell; A. Ximena Riveros-Balta; Randy A. Albrecht; Hanne Andersen; Ralph S. Baric; Miles W. Carroll; Marco Cavaleri; Chuan Qin; Ian Crozier; Kai Dallmeier; Leon de Waal; Emmie de Wit; Leen Delang; Erik Dohm; W. Paul Duprex; Darryl Falzarano; Courtney L. Finch; Matthew B. Frieman; Barney S. Graham; Lisa E. Gralinski; Kate Guilfoyle; Bart L. Haagmans; Geraldine A. Hamilton; Amy L. Hartman; Sander Herfst; Suzanne J. F. Kaptein; William B. Klimstra; Ivana Knezevic; Philip R. Krause; Jens H. Kuhn; Roger Le Grand; Mark G. Lewis; Wen-Chun Liu; Pauline Maisonnasse; Anita K. McElroy; Vincent Munster; Nadia Oreshkova; Angela L. Rasmussen; Joana Rocha-Pereira; Barry Rockx; Estefanía Rodríguez; Thomas F. Rogers; Francisco J. Salguero; Michael Schotsaert; Koert J. Stittelaar; Hendrik Jan Thibaut; Chien-Te Tseng; Júlia Vergara-Alert; Martin Beer; Trevor Brasel; Jasper F. W. Chan; Adolfo García-Sastre; Johan Neyts; Stanley Perlman; Douglas S. Reed; Juergen A. Richt; Chad J. Roy; Joaquim Segalés; Seshadri S. Vasan; Ana María Henao-Restrepo; Dan H. Barouch. 2020. "Animal models for COVID-19." Nature 586, no. 7830: 509-515.