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Dr. Alexandros Mavrommatis
Agricultural University of Athens, Department of Animal Science

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0 Antioxidants
0 Dairy
0 Immune System
0 microalgae
0 fatty acid metabolism

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microalgae
Immune System
Antioxidants

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Short Biography

Dr. Alexandros Mavrommatis currently works as a Postdoc researcher in the project Microalgae for Microbiome: The effect of dietary supplementation with microalgae on goats’ microbiome using metagenomics and metabolomics approaches which is funded by State Scholarships Foundation (I.K.Y.) (2019-2021). In 2014 he graduated with MSc in Agriculture Science and in 2019 he received his Ph.D. in Animal Nutrition. His research interest mainly focused on microalgae dietary supplementation in ruminants, the effect of nutrients and feed additives in rumen microbiome via Next-Generation Sequencing, and the regulation of immune system genes. He had participated as Early Stage Researcher in Industry Research Project funded by KEMIN (2017), in the European Project LIFE FORAGE4CLIMATE – Forage systems for less GHG emissions and more soil carbon sink in continental and Mediterranean agricultural areas (2018), and as Postdoc Researcher in the European Project HORIZON 2020, DISARM: Disseminating Innovative Solutions for Antibiotic Resistance Management (2019) and INVALOR: Research Infrastructure For Waste Valorization And Sustainable Management Of Resources (EPAnEK 2014-2020). He had published as author and coauthor 15 research papers in peer-review journals, 4 publications under-review, and 25 abstracts in national and international conferences.

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Journal article
Published: 05 August 2021 in Antioxidants
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Vinification by-products display great potential for utilization as feed additives rich in antioxidant compounds. Thus, the effect of dietary ground grape pomace (GGP), wine lees extract rich in yeast cell walls (WYC), and grape stem extracts (PE) on the relative expression of several genes involved in liver oxidative mechanisms and the oxidative status of the blood and breast muscle of broiler chickens was investigated. In total, 240 one-day-old as hatched chicks (Ross 308) were assigned to four treatments, with four replicate pens and 15 birds in each pen. Birds were fed either a basal diet (CON) or a basal diet supplemented with 25 g/kg GGP, or 2 g/kg WYC, or 1 g starch including 100 mg pure stem extract/kg (PE) for 42 days. The polyphenolic content of vinification by-products was determined using an LC-MS/MS library indicating as prevailing compounds procyanidin B1 and B2, gallic acid, caftaric acid, (+)-catechin, quercetin, and trans-resveratrol. Body weight and feed consumption were not significantly affected. The relative transcript level of GPX1 and SOD1 tended to increase in the liver of WYC-fed broilers, while NOX2 tended to decrease in the PE group. SOD activity in blood plasma was significantly increased in WYC and PE compared to the CON group. The total antioxidant capacity measured with FRAP assay showed significantly higher values in the breast muscle of PE-fed broilers, while the malondialdehyde concentration was significantly decreased in both WYC- and PE-fed broilers compared to the CON group. The exploitation of vinification by-products as feed additives appears to be a promising strategy to improve waste valorization and supply animals with bioactive molecules capable of improving animals’ oxidative status and products’ oxidative stability.

ACS Style

Alexandros Mavrommatis; Elisavet Giamouri; Eleni D. Myrtsi; Epameinondas Evergetis; Katiana Filippi; Harris Papapostolou; Sofia D. Koulocheri; Evangelos Zoidis; Athanasios C. Pappas; Apostolis Koutinas; Serkos A. Haroutounian; Eleni Tsiplakou. Antioxidant Status of Broiler Chickens Fed Diets Supplemented with Vinification By-Products: A Valorization Approach. Antioxidants 2021, 10, 1250 .

AMA Style

Alexandros Mavrommatis, Elisavet Giamouri, Eleni D. Myrtsi, Epameinondas Evergetis, Katiana Filippi, Harris Papapostolou, Sofia D. Koulocheri, Evangelos Zoidis, Athanasios C. Pappas, Apostolis Koutinas, Serkos A. Haroutounian, Eleni Tsiplakou. Antioxidant Status of Broiler Chickens Fed Diets Supplemented with Vinification By-Products: A Valorization Approach. Antioxidants. 2021; 10 (8):1250.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alexandros Mavrommatis; Elisavet Giamouri; Eleni D. Myrtsi; Epameinondas Evergetis; Katiana Filippi; Harris Papapostolou; Sofia D. Koulocheri; Evangelos Zoidis; Athanasios C. Pappas; Apostolis Koutinas; Serkos A. Haroutounian; Eleni Tsiplakou. 2021. "Antioxidant Status of Broiler Chickens Fed Diets Supplemented with Vinification By-Products: A Valorization Approach." Antioxidants 10, no. 8: 1250.

Journal article
Published: 17 July 2021 in Microorganisms
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With the aim to produce functional dairy products enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) by using feed supplements, radical changes could occur in the rumen microbiome. This work investigated the alterations of the rumen bacteriome of goats fed with PUFA-rich marine microalgae Schizochytrium spp. For the trial, twenty-four goats were divided into four homogenous clusters (six goats/treatment) according to their fat-corrected (4%) milk yield, body weight, and age; they were individually fed with alfalfa hay and a concentrate (F/C = 50/50). The concentrate of the control group (CON) contained no microalgae, while those of the treated groups were supplemented daily with 20 (ALG20), 40 (ALG40), and 60 g (ALG60) of Schizochytrium spp./goat. Rumen fluid samples were collected using a stomach tube during the 20th and 40th days of the experiment. The microbiome analysis using a 16S rRNA sequencing platform revealed that Firmicutes were decreased in microalgae-fed goats, while Bacteroidetes showed a tendency to increase in the ALG40 group due to the enhancement of Prevotellaceae. Cellulolytic bacteria, namely Treponema bryantii, Ruminococcus gauvreauii, R. albus, and R. flavefaciens, were decreased in the ALG40 group, resulting in an overall decrease of cellulase activity. In contrast, the amylolytic potential was significantly enhanced due to an upsurge in Ruminobacter amylophilus, Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens, and Fretibacterium fastidiosum populations. In conclusion, supplementing goats’ diets with 20 g Schizochytrium spp. could be considered a sustainable and efficient nutritional strategy to modulate rumen microbiome towards the development of dairy products enriched with bioactive compounds, while higher levels induced substantial shifts in determinant microbes’ populations.

ACS Style

Alexandros Mavrommatis; Dimitrios Skliros; Emmanouil Flemetakis; Eleni Tsiplakou. Changes in the Rumen Bacteriome Structure and Enzymatic Activities of Goats in Response to Dietary Supplementation with Schizochytrium spp. Microorganisms 2021, 9, 1528 .

AMA Style

Alexandros Mavrommatis, Dimitrios Skliros, Emmanouil Flemetakis, Eleni Tsiplakou. Changes in the Rumen Bacteriome Structure and Enzymatic Activities of Goats in Response to Dietary Supplementation with Schizochytrium spp. Microorganisms. 2021; 9 (7):1528.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alexandros Mavrommatis; Dimitrios Skliros; Emmanouil Flemetakis; Eleni Tsiplakou. 2021. "Changes in the Rumen Bacteriome Structure and Enzymatic Activities of Goats in Response to Dietary Supplementation with Schizochytrium spp." Microorganisms 9, no. 7: 1528.

Journal article
Published: 08 June 2021 in Foods
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Although the dietary inclusion level of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and the forage: concentrate (F:C) ratio affect milk quality, their interaction has not been broadly studied. To address such gaps and limitations a two-phase trial using twenty-two dairy goats was carried out. During the first phase, both groups (20 HF n = 11; high forage and 20 HG n = 11; high grain) were supplemented with 20 g Schizochytrium spp./goat/day. The 20 HF group consumed a diet with F:C ratio 60:40 and the 20 HG-diet consisted of F:C = 40:60. In the second phase, the supplementation level of Schizochytrium spp. was increased to 40 g/day/goat while the F:C ratio between the two groups were remained identical (40 HF n = 11; high forage and 40 HG n = 11; high grain). Neither the Schizochytrium spp. supplementation levels (20 vs. 40) nor the F:C ratio (60:40 vs. 40:60) affected milk performance. The high microalgae level (40 g) in combination with high grain diet (40 HG) modified the proportions of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and the ω3/ω6 ratio in milk, to a beneficial manner according to human health recommendation guidelines. However, the highest inclusion level of Schizochytrium spp. (40 g) and foremost in combination with the high grain diets (40 HG) induced an oxidative response as observed by the increased protein carbonyls (CP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in milk and blood plasma indicating severe limitations for a long-term, on-farm application. In conclusion, the supplementation with 20 g Schizochytrium spp. and high forage diet (60:40) appears to be an ideal formula to enrich dairy products with essential biomolecules for human health without adversely affect milk oxidative stability.

ACS Style

Alexandros Mavrommatis; Kyriaki Sotirakoglou; Charalampos Kamilaris; Eleni Tsiplakou. Effects of Inclusion of Schizochytrium spp. and Forage-to-Concentrate Ratios on Goats’ Milk Quality and Oxidative Status. Foods 2021, 10, 1322 .

AMA Style

Alexandros Mavrommatis, Kyriaki Sotirakoglou, Charalampos Kamilaris, Eleni Tsiplakou. Effects of Inclusion of Schizochytrium spp. and Forage-to-Concentrate Ratios on Goats’ Milk Quality and Oxidative Status. Foods. 2021; 10 (6):1322.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alexandros Mavrommatis; Kyriaki Sotirakoglou; Charalampos Kamilaris; Eleni Tsiplakou. 2021. "Effects of Inclusion of Schizochytrium spp. and Forage-to-Concentrate Ratios on Goats’ Milk Quality and Oxidative Status." Foods 10, no. 6: 1322.

Journal article
Published: 23 April 2021 in Antioxidants
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There is limited information on the impact of dietary supplementation with separate rumen-protected (RP) amino acids (AA), or with their combination, on ewes’ oxidative status. Sixty ewes were divided into five groups; C: basal diet (control); M: basal diet + 6 g/ewe RP methionine; L: basal diet + 5 g/ewe RP lysine; LML: basal diet + 6 g methionine and 5 g lysine/ewe; and HML: basal diet + 12 g methionine + 5 g lysine/ewe. Milk’s fat content increased in RP-AA fed ewes, while that of protein in M and L only. In blood plasma, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content was reduced in the M, LML, and HML compared to C-fed ewes. An increase in glutathione transferase activity in the blood plasma of the M and LML compared to the C and HML-fed ewes were found. In milk, lower values of the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) in the LML and HML-fed ewes and of 2,2′-Azino-bis 3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) in LML only, were found. Lysine increased milk’s FRAP values and MDA content. Both L and HML diets increased milk’s protein carbonyls content. Methionine improves the organism’s oxidative status, without adversely affecting milk’s oxidative stability. Lysine dietary inclusion affects negatively the oxidative stability of milk.

ACS Style

Alexandros Mavrommatis; Christina Mitsiopoulou; Christos Christodoulou; Paraskevi Kariampa; Marica Simoni; Federico Righi; Eleni Tsiplakou. Effects of Supplementing Rumen-Protected Methionine and Lysine on Milk Performance and Oxidative Status of Dairy Ewes. Antioxidants 2021, 10, 654 .

AMA Style

Alexandros Mavrommatis, Christina Mitsiopoulou, Christos Christodoulou, Paraskevi Kariampa, Marica Simoni, Federico Righi, Eleni Tsiplakou. Effects of Supplementing Rumen-Protected Methionine and Lysine on Milk Performance and Oxidative Status of Dairy Ewes. Antioxidants. 2021; 10 (5):654.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alexandros Mavrommatis; Christina Mitsiopoulou; Christos Christodoulou; Paraskevi Kariampa; Marica Simoni; Federico Righi; Eleni Tsiplakou. 2021. "Effects of Supplementing Rumen-Protected Methionine and Lysine on Milk Performance and Oxidative Status of Dairy Ewes." Antioxidants 10, no. 5: 654.

Review
Published: 01 February 2021 in Antioxidants
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Mycotoxins appear to be the “Achilles’ heel” of the agriculture sector inducing enormous economic losses and representing a severe risk to the health of humans and animals. Although novel determination protocols have been developed and legislation has been implemented within Europe, the side effects of mycotoxins on the homeostatic mechanisms of the animals have not been extensively considered. Feed mycotoxin contamination and the effects on the antioxidant status of livestock (poultry, swine, and ruminants) are presented. The findings support the idea that the antioxidant systems in both monogastrics and ruminants are challenged under the detrimental effect of mycotoxins by increasing the toxic lipid peroxidation by-product malondialdehyde (MDA) and inhibiting the activity of antioxidant defense mechanisms. The degree of oxidative stress is related to the duration of contamination, co-contamination, the synergetic effects, toxin levels, animal age, species, and productive stage. Since the damaging effects of MDA and other by-products derived by lipid peroxidation as well as reactive oxygen species have been extensively studied on human health, a more integrated monitoring mechanism (which will take into account the oxidative stability) is urgently required to be implemented in animal products.

ACS Style

Alexandros Mavrommatis; Elisavet Giamouri; Savvina Tavrizelou; Maria Zacharioudaki; George Danezis; Panagiotis Simitzis; Evangelos Zoidis; Eleni Tsiplakou; Athanasios Pappas; Constantinos Georgiou; Kostas Feggeros. Impact of Mycotoxins on Animals’ Oxidative Status. Antioxidants 2021, 10, 214 .

AMA Style

Alexandros Mavrommatis, Elisavet Giamouri, Savvina Tavrizelou, Maria Zacharioudaki, George Danezis, Panagiotis Simitzis, Evangelos Zoidis, Eleni Tsiplakou, Athanasios Pappas, Constantinos Georgiou, Kostas Feggeros. Impact of Mycotoxins on Animals’ Oxidative Status. Antioxidants. 2021; 10 (2):214.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alexandros Mavrommatis; Elisavet Giamouri; Savvina Tavrizelou; Maria Zacharioudaki; George Danezis; Panagiotis Simitzis; Evangelos Zoidis; Eleni Tsiplakou; Athanasios Pappas; Constantinos Georgiou; Kostas Feggeros. 2021. "Impact of Mycotoxins on Animals’ Oxidative Status." Antioxidants 10, no. 2: 214.

Journal article
Published: 10 January 2021 in Sustainability
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Fat rich microorganisms, such as microalgae Schizochytrium spp., are potential biotechnological tools in the modulation of rumen microbiome towards ecofriendly and high nutritional value end-products. However, limited in vivo trials have been reported on the topic. The aim of this study was to contribute to the knowledge on the effect of fat rich microalgae on the methanogenic and feed degrading particle-associated microbes in goats’ rumen content. For the trial, twenty-four goats were divided into four homogenous clusters (six goats/treatment) according to their fat corrected (4%) milk yield, body weight and age and individually were fed with alfalfa hay and concentrate feeds (F/C = 50/50). The concentrate of the control group (CON) contained no microalgae, while those of the treated groups were supplemented daily with 20 (ALG20), 40 (ALG40), and 60 (ALG60) g of Schizochytrium spp./goat. The relative abundances of total Archaea, methanogens, Methanomassiliicoccales, Methanobrevibacter spp., Methanosphaera stadmanae and Methanobacterium formicicum were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in microalgae-fed goats compared to the CON ones. Moreover, a significant decline in the relative abundances of Firmicutes, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Butyrivibrio fibrosolvents, and Neocallimastigales in the rumen particle-associated microbiota of microalgae supplemented goats were observed. In conclusion, goats’ diets supplementation with Schizochytrium spp., could be considered a sustainable nutritional strategy for methanogens inhibition in their rumen particle-associated microbiota.

ACS Style

Alexandros Mavrommatis; Dimitrios Skliros; Marica Simoni; Federico Righi; Emmanouil Flemetakis; Eleni Tsiplakou. Alterations in the Rumen Particle-Associated Microbiota of Goats in Response to Dietary Supplementation Levels of Schizochytrium spp. Sustainability 2021, 13, 607 .

AMA Style

Alexandros Mavrommatis, Dimitrios Skliros, Marica Simoni, Federico Righi, Emmanouil Flemetakis, Eleni Tsiplakou. Alterations in the Rumen Particle-Associated Microbiota of Goats in Response to Dietary Supplementation Levels of Schizochytrium spp. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (2):607.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alexandros Mavrommatis; Dimitrios Skliros; Marica Simoni; Federico Righi; Emmanouil Flemetakis; Eleni Tsiplakou. 2021. "Alterations in the Rumen Particle-Associated Microbiota of Goats in Response to Dietary Supplementation Levels of Schizochytrium spp." Sustainability 13, no. 2: 607.

Journal article
Published: 06 January 2021 in Animal Feed Science and Technology
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The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of dietary pomegranate seed cake (PSC) supplementation, in replacement of corn and barley grain, on productive traits, carcass characteristics, intramuscular and subcutaneous fatty acid (FA) composition and meat antioxidant status. For the experiment, which lasted for 63 days, thirty six male growing Florina (Pelagonia) lambs were used. Lambs with a mean body weight (BW) of 19.86 ± 2.78 kg, were randomly allocated into four dietary treatments (PSC0, PSC115, PSC175, and PSC235) of 9 lambs each and accommodated in individual floor pens. The PSC was added to the concentrate mixture at inclusion levels of 0, 115, 175, and 235 g/kg concentrate for treatments PSC0, PSC115, PSC175 and PSC235, respectively. No differences (P > 0.05) occurred among PSC treatments in final BW, BW gain, dry matter (DM) intake and feed conversion ratio. Moreover, carcass characteristics were not affected (P > 0.05), except for the lean and fat color, fat firmness, wetness and overall acceptability of carcasses that were quadraticaly improved, with increased PSC feeding. In both intramuscular and subcutaneous fat, proportions of trans C18:1 (P = 0.001; P < 0.05, respectively), C18:2n-6t (P = 0.001; P < 0.01, respectively), and cis-9, trans-11 C18:2 (P = 0.001; P < 0.05, respectively) were linearly increased and Δ9-desaturase activity index concerning C18:1/C18:0 was linearly decreased (P < 0.05; P < 0.01, respectively). Moreover, in subcutaneous fat trans-10, cis-12 C18:2 (P = 0.001), cis-9, trans-11, cis-13 C18:3 (punicic acid; P = 0.001) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) (P < 0.05) proportions were linearly increased and that of cis-9 C18:1 (P < 0.05), C18:2n-6c (P = 0.001), C18:3n-3 (P = 0.001) and C20:3n-3 (P = 0.001) were linearly decreased with increasing PSC feeding. No effects (P < 0.05) of dietary PSC were observed in meat 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) values, but a linear increase (P = 0.001) was found in meat malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, being higher only in PSC235 treatment relative to control. Higher oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) values were observed in the intramuscular fat of lambs fed with PSC175, but lower in PSC235 treatment. Thus, pomegranate seed cake could partially replace cereals in growing lambs diets with no effects on their performance and carcass quantitative characteristics. Moreover, dietary PSC supplementation could improve the nutritional and functional properties of meat and subcutaneous fat, as indicated by the increase in essential fatty acids, such as trans-10, cis-12 C18:2. Low inclusion levels of PSC could have a positive effect on antioxidant potential, and on nutritional and functional quality of meat, whereas high levels (i.e. 235 g/kg of concentrate) could posses an opposite effect.

ACS Style

B. Kotsampasi; C. Christodoulou; A. Mavrommatis; C. Mitsiopoulou; V.A. Bampidis; E.G. Chronopoulou; N.E. Labrou; E. Tsiplakou. Effects of dietary pomegranate seed cake supplementation on performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of growing lambs. Animal Feed Science and Technology 2021, 273, 114815 .

AMA Style

B. Kotsampasi, C. Christodoulou, A. Mavrommatis, C. Mitsiopoulou, V.A. Bampidis, E.G. Chronopoulou, N.E. Labrou, E. Tsiplakou. Effects of dietary pomegranate seed cake supplementation on performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of growing lambs. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 2021; 273 ():114815.

Chicago/Turabian Style

B. Kotsampasi; C. Christodoulou; A. Mavrommatis; C. Mitsiopoulou; V.A. Bampidis; E.G. Chronopoulou; N.E. Labrou; E. Tsiplakou. 2021. "Effects of dietary pomegranate seed cake supplementation on performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of growing lambs." Animal Feed Science and Technology 273, no. : 114815.

Journal article
Published: 03 December 2020 in Journal of Fungi
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This study evaluated the dietary administration of Saccharomyces cerevisiae live yeast on milk performance and composition, oxidative status of both blood plasma and milk, and gene expression related to the immune system of lactating ewes during the peripartum period. Chios ewes were fed either a basal diet (BD) (Control, n = 51) or the BD supplemented with 2 g of a live yeast product/animal (ActiSaf, n = 53) from 6 weeks prepartum to 6 weeks postpartum. Fatty acid profile, oxidative, and immune status were assessed in eight ewes per treatment at 3 and 6 weeks postpartum. The β-hydroxybutyric acid concentration in blood of ActiSaf fed ewes was significantly lower in both pre- and postpartum periods. A numerical increase was found for the milk yield, fat 6% corrected milk (Fat corrected milk (FCM6%)), and energy corrected milk yield (ECM) in ActiSaf fed ewes, while daily milk fat production tended to increase. The proportions of C15:0, C16:1, C18:2n6t, and C18:3n3 fatty acids were increased in milk of ActiSaf fed ewes, while C18:0 was decreased. Glutathione reductase in blood plasma was increased (p = 0.004) in ActiSaf fed ewes, while total antioxidant capacity measured by 2,2′-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) method was decreased (p < 0.001). Higher ABTS values were found in the milk of the treated group. The relative transcript levels of CCL5, CXCL16, and IL8 were suppressed, while that of IL1B tended to decrease (p = 0.087) in monocytes of ActiSaf fed ewes. In conclusion, the dietary supplementation of ewes with S. cerevisiae, improved the energy utilization and tended to enhance milk performance with simultaneous suppression on mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory genes during the peripartum period.

ACS Style

Alexandros Mavrommatis; Christina Mitsiopoulou; Christos Christodoulou; Dimitris Karabinas; Valentin Nenov; George Zervas; Eleni Tsiplakou. Dietary Supplementation of a Live Yeast Product on Dairy Sheep Milk Performance, Oxidative and Immune Status in Peripartum Period. Journal of Fungi 2020, 6, 334 .

AMA Style

Alexandros Mavrommatis, Christina Mitsiopoulou, Christos Christodoulou, Dimitris Karabinas, Valentin Nenov, George Zervas, Eleni Tsiplakou. Dietary Supplementation of a Live Yeast Product on Dairy Sheep Milk Performance, Oxidative and Immune Status in Peripartum Period. Journal of Fungi. 2020; 6 (4):334.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alexandros Mavrommatis; Christina Mitsiopoulou; Christos Christodoulou; Dimitris Karabinas; Valentin Nenov; George Zervas; Eleni Tsiplakou. 2020. "Dietary Supplementation of a Live Yeast Product on Dairy Sheep Milk Performance, Oxidative and Immune Status in Peripartum Period." Journal of Fungi 6, no. 4: 334.

Journal article
Published: 29 September 2020 in Small Ruminant Research
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Microalgae, have gained significant attention as a source of beneficial biomolecules such as long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), and are considered to be an effective strategy to enhance ruminant milk with PUFA. However, milk fatty acids (FA) profile is affected by ruminant biohydrogenation process and consequently by possible adaptations of rumen microbiome related with the duration of diet supplementation. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate a long-term response of dietary inclusion of microalgae Schizochytrium sp., at three different levels with moderate forage to concentrate ratio (50/50) on milk chemical composition and fatty acid profile of both goats’ blood plasma and milk. For this purpose, twenty-four dairy goats were divided into four homogeneous sub-groups. All the goats were fed individually with alfalfa hay and concentrates. The concentrates of the control group (CON) had no microalgae, while those of the treated groups were supplemented daily with 20 (ALG20), 40 (ALG40) and 60 (ALG60) g Schizochytrium sp./kg concentrates. The mean milk yield was not affected, while the fat content was decreased in ALG40 and ALG60 groups, compared with the CON and ALG20 ones. In blood plasma the proportions of C16:0, C18:0, cis-9 C18:1 and C18:2n6c decreased (P < 0.05), while those of trans-11 C18:1, C20:3n3, C22:2n6, C22:5n6 and C22:6n3 were increased in the microalgae treated groups compared with the CON. The proportions of C14:0, C16:0, trans-10 C18:1, trans-11 C18:1, cis-9, trans-11 C18:2, trans-10, cis-12 C18:2, C22:6n-3 (DHA), C22:5n-6 (DPA) and the total n-3 fatty acids were increased significantly in the milk of treated goats, while those of C18:0, cis-9 C18:1 and C18:2n6c were decreased. In conclusion, the dietary inclusion of 20 g Schizochytrium sp./goat/day, combined with a forage to concentrate ratio of 50/50, enhances the PUFA of goats’ milk without negative effects on its chemical composition.

ACS Style

Alexandros Mavrommatis; Eleni Tsiplakou. The impact of the dietary supplementation level with Schizochytrium sp. on milk chemical composition and fatty acid profile, of both blood plasma and milk of goats. Small Ruminant Research 2020, 193, 106252 .

AMA Style

Alexandros Mavrommatis, Eleni Tsiplakou. The impact of the dietary supplementation level with Schizochytrium sp. on milk chemical composition and fatty acid profile, of both blood plasma and milk of goats. Small Ruminant Research. 2020; 193 ():106252.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alexandros Mavrommatis; Eleni Tsiplakou. 2020. "The impact of the dietary supplementation level with Schizochytrium sp. on milk chemical composition and fatty acid profile, of both blood plasma and milk of goats." Small Ruminant Research 193, no. : 106252.

Original paper
Published: 11 June 2020 in European Food Research and Technology
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Greek protected designation of origin (PDO) cheeses are well-known for their quality and nutritive value. One hundred and twelve samples from 21 Greek PDO cheeses, a non-PDO and a potential PDO were analyzed for fatty acid (FA) profile and several physicochemical parameters including moisture, fat on dry matter (FDM), protein content, pH and salt content. Analyzed hard and semi-hard cheeses were Sfela, Kefalograviera, Kasseri, Ladotyri Mytilinis, Formaella Arachovas Parnassou, Graviera Agrafon, Graviera Kritis, Metsovone, Graviera Naxou, Mastelo, Batzos and San Michali. Soft, spread and whey cheeses included Kopanisti, Xynomyzithra Kritis, White cheese, Kalathaki Limnou, Manouri, Feta, Xygalo Siteias, Galotyri, Katiki Domokou, Pichtogalo Chanion and Anevato. The profile of 37 FAs combined with physiochemical properties was utilized to discriminate cheeses by label (cheese identity), cheese type (hard, semi-hard, soft, spread and whey) and milk type (cow, goat, sheep and combinations). The study found that Sfela had the highest salinity, Manouri the highest FDM and San Michali the highest content of proteins. Regarding FAs, the dominant ones in almost all cheeses were C14:0, C16:0, C18:0 and cis-9 C18:1. For classification concerning cheese identity, the most significant parameters were moisture, fat, C18:2n-6c, pH and salt. The most significant discriminants by cheese type were pH, moisture, FDM, salt and C16:0 while C10:0, C11:0, C14:1, C18:2n-6c, C20:0, C20:3n-6 and saturated FAs were more influential to separate by milk type. Results depict the FA profile of Greek PDO cheeses and show that in combination with physicochemical characteristics can be used as authenticity markers.

ACS Style

G. P. Danezis; E. Tsiplakou; E. C. Pappa; Athanasios Pappas; Alexandros Mavrommatis; K. Sotirakoglou; C. A. Georgiou; G. Zervas. Fatty acid profile and physicochemical properties of Greek protected designation of origin cheeses, implications for authentication. European Food Research and Technology 2020, 246, 1741 -1753.

AMA Style

G. P. Danezis, E. Tsiplakou, E. C. Pappa, Athanasios Pappas, Alexandros Mavrommatis, K. Sotirakoglou, C. A. Georgiou, G. Zervas. Fatty acid profile and physicochemical properties of Greek protected designation of origin cheeses, implications for authentication. European Food Research and Technology. 2020; 246 (9):1741-1753.

Chicago/Turabian Style

G. P. Danezis; E. Tsiplakou; E. C. Pappa; Athanasios Pappas; Alexandros Mavrommatis; K. Sotirakoglou; C. A. Georgiou; G. Zervas. 2020. "Fatty acid profile and physicochemical properties of Greek protected designation of origin cheeses, implications for authentication." European Food Research and Technology 246, no. 9: 1741-1753.

Research article
Published: 14 May 2020 in PLOS ONE
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Rumen protected amino acids inclusion in ewes’ diets has been proposed to enhance their innate immunity. The objective of this work was to determine the impact of dietary supplementation with rumen-protected methionine or lysine, as well as with a combination of these amino acids in two different ratios, on the expression of selected key-genes (NLRs, MyD88, TRIF, MAPK-1, IRF-3, JunD, TRAF-3, IRF-5, IL-1α, IL-10, IKK-α, STAT-3 and HO-1). Thus, sixty Chios dairy ewes (Ovis aries) were assigned to one of the following five dietary treatments (12 animals/ treatment): A: basal diet consist of concentrates, wheat straw and alfalfa hay (control group); B: basal diet +6.0 g/head rumen-protected methionine; C: basal diet + 5.0 g/head rumen-protected lysine; D: basal diet +6.0 g/head rumen-protected methionine + 5.0 g/head rumen-protected lysine and E: basal diet +12.0 g/head rumen-protected methionine + 5.0 g/head rumen-protected lysine. The results revealed a significant downregulation of relative transcript level of the IL-1α gene in the neutrophils of C and in monocytes of D ewes compared with the control. Significantly lower mRNA transcript accumulation was also observed for the MyD88 gene in the neutrophils of ewes fed with lysine only (C). The mRNA relative expression levels of JunD gene were highly induced in the monocytes, while those of IL-10 and HO-1 genes were declined in the neutrophils of ewes fed with the C and D diets compared with the control. Lower transcript levels of STAT-3 gene were observed in the neutrophils of ewes fed with either C or with E diets in comparison with the control. In conclusion, our results suggest that the dietary supplementation of ewes with rumen-protected amino acids, down regulate the expression of some genes involved in the pro-inflammatory signalling.

ACS Style

Eleni Tsiplakou; Alexandros Mavrommatis; Dimitrios Skliros; Federico Righi; Emmanouil Flemetakis. The impact of rumen-protected amino acids on the expression of key- genes involved in the innate immunity of dairy sheep. PLOS ONE 2020, 15, e0233192 .

AMA Style

Eleni Tsiplakou, Alexandros Mavrommatis, Dimitrios Skliros, Federico Righi, Emmanouil Flemetakis. The impact of rumen-protected amino acids on the expression of key- genes involved in the innate immunity of dairy sheep. PLOS ONE. 2020; 15 (5):e0233192.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Eleni Tsiplakou; Alexandros Mavrommatis; Dimitrios Skliros; Federico Righi; Emmanouil Flemetakis. 2020. "The impact of rumen-protected amino acids on the expression of key- genes involved in the innate immunity of dairy sheep." PLOS ONE 15, no. 5: e0233192.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2018 in Livestock Science
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Alexandros Mavrommatis; Evangelia G. Chronopoulou; Kiriaki Sotirakoglou; Nikolaos E. Labrou; George Zervas; Eleni Tsiplakou. The impact of the dietary supplementation level with schizochytrium sp, on the oxidative capacity of both goats’ organism and milk. Livestock Science 2018, 218, 37 -43.

AMA Style

Alexandros Mavrommatis, Evangelia G. Chronopoulou, Kiriaki Sotirakoglou, Nikolaos E. Labrou, George Zervas, Eleni Tsiplakou. The impact of the dietary supplementation level with schizochytrium sp, on the oxidative capacity of both goats’ organism and milk. Livestock Science. 2018; 218 ():37-43.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alexandros Mavrommatis; Evangelia G. Chronopoulou; Kiriaki Sotirakoglou; Nikolaos E. Labrou; George Zervas; Eleni Tsiplakou. 2018. "The impact of the dietary supplementation level with schizochytrium sp, on the oxidative capacity of both goats’ organism and milk." Livestock Science 218, no. : 37-43.

Journal article
Published: 19 August 2018 in Animal Feed Science and Technology
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Twenty eight lactating Chios ewes were used in an experiment to determine the effects of dietary orange peel essential oil (OEO) supplementation on milk yield, composition and fatty acid profile, as well as on antioxidant status in blood and milk. In the experiment, ewes after weaning, on day 43 postpartum, were allocated according to their milk yield and lactation number, into 4 treatment groups, being OEO0, OEO150, OEO300, and OEO450, of 7 ewes each and accommodated in individual pens. For a period of 60 days (i.e., days 43–102 postpartum), ewes were fed a concentrate (crude protein 175 g/kg, dry matter – DM basis; net energy for lactation 7.72 MJ/kg, DM basis) and alfalfa hay, with a concentrate-to-forage ratio of 57:43. The concentrate for treatment OEO0 (control) had no OEO, while that for treatments OEO150, OEO300 and OEO450 contained 150, 300 and 450 mg OEO/kg concentrate, respectively, after spraying OEO onto the concentrate of treatment OEO0. In the 60-day experimental period, DM intake quadraticaly (P < 0.05) increased, being higher in OEO150 and OEO300 treatments. Milk yield, as well as 6% fat corrected milk yield, and fat and ash yields, quadraticaly increased (P < 0.05), being higher in OEO150 and OEO300 treatments, whilst feed efficiency linearly increased (P < 0.05). Moreover, milk protein, lactose and ash content quadraticaly decreased (P < 0.05). Other yields of components, milk fat content, somatic cell counts and colony forming units were not affected (P > 0.05). Milk fat fatty acid (FA) analysis showed a quadratic increase (P < 0.05) in C4:0, C11:0, C14:0 and C16:0 concentrations, while a quadratic decrease (P < 0.05) was observed in C17:1, C18:0, cis-9 C18:1, trans-10 C18:1, C18:2n-6c, C18:3n-3 and C20:3n-3 concentrations, with increasing dietary OEO inclusion levels. Overall, monounsaturated FA (MUFA), polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) and unsaturated FA (UFA) quadraticaly decreased (P < 0.05), while saturated FA (SFA), the SFA/UFA ratio, the atherogenicity index (AI), as well as the Δ-9 desaturase activity index (C14:1/C14:0) quadraticaly increased (P < 0.05), as dietary OEO supplementation increased. Blood plasma glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase, and milk lactoperoxidase activity, linearly increased (P < 0.05) when feeding ewes with different doses of OEO. Dietary OEO supplementation of lactating ewes, at levels up to 300 mg/kg concentrate, increased milk yield, fat yield and ash yield, but decreased milk UFA concentration and AI, whereas OEO supplementation at higher level (450 mg/kg concentrate), had no effect. Thus, OEO could be considered as a natural feed supplement in ewes’ diet and make it a suitable source of functional ingredient in animal nutrition to improve animals’ performance and health, as well as product quality and safety.

ACS Style

B. Kotsampasi; E. Tsiplakou; C. Christodoulou; A. Mavrommatis; C. Mitsiopoulou; C. Karaiskou; E. Sossidou; N. Fragioudakis; I. Kapsomenos; Vasileios Bampidis; G. Zervas. Effects of dietary orange peel essential oil supplementation on milk yield and composition, and blood and milk antioxidant status of dairy ewes. Animal Feed Science and Technology 2018, 245, 20 -31.

AMA Style

B. Kotsampasi, E. Tsiplakou, C. Christodoulou, A. Mavrommatis, C. Mitsiopoulou, C. Karaiskou, E. Sossidou, N. Fragioudakis, I. Kapsomenos, Vasileios Bampidis, G. Zervas. Effects of dietary orange peel essential oil supplementation on milk yield and composition, and blood and milk antioxidant status of dairy ewes. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 2018; 245 ():20-31.

Chicago/Turabian Style

B. Kotsampasi; E. Tsiplakou; C. Christodoulou; A. Mavrommatis; C. Mitsiopoulou; C. Karaiskou; E. Sossidou; N. Fragioudakis; I. Kapsomenos; Vasileios Bampidis; G. Zervas. 2018. "Effects of dietary orange peel essential oil supplementation on milk yield and composition, and blood and milk antioxidant status of dairy ewes." Animal Feed Science and Technology 245, no. : 20-31.

Original article
Published: 24 July 2018 in Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition
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Amino acids might be a tool to transform animals from a pro‐ to an anti‐inflammatory phenotype through the downregulation of several genes (TLR‐4, NF‐κB, TNFa, IL‐1β, IL‐2, IL‐6, IL‐8, CCL‐5 and CXCL‐16) whose expression increases during inflammation. To examine this possibility, each of sixty Chios dairy sheep was assigned to one of the following five dietary treatments: A: basal diet (control group); B: basal diet +6.0 g/head rumen‐protected methionine (MetaSmart™); C: basal diet +5.0 g/head rumen‐protected lysine (LysiGEM™); D: basal diet +6.0 g/head MetaSmart™ + 5.0 g/head LysiGEM™; and E: basal diet +12.0 g/head MetaSmart™ + 5.0 g/head LysiGEM. The results showed a significant downregulation in the expression of the TLR‐4 gene in both the macrophages and the neutrophils of ewes fed rumen‐protected amino acids. Significantly lower mRNA transcript accumulation was also observed for the TNFa, IL‐1β and CXCL‐16 genes in the macrophages and for the IL‐1β gene in the neutrophils of ewes supplemented with amino acids. The ewes that received dietary supplementation with rumen‐protected lysine alone (C) had significantly lower CCL‐5 transcript levels in their macrophages than the ewes fed the other supplemented diets. Diet D enhanced the mRNA expression of the IL‐2 gene in ewe neutrophils. Negative correlations were found between: a. TLR‐4, TNFa, IL‐1β and CXCL‐16 gene expression in macrophages and the milk fat and total solids content; b. CCL‐5 gene expression in neutrophils and the milk yield and FCM(6%); and c. CXCL‐16 gene expression and the milk protein content. Moreover, positive correlations were found between the BHBA concentration and the expression of the TLR‐4 and CXCL‐16 genes in macrophages. In conclusion, the rumen‐protected amino acids improved sheep metabolism (as indicated by reduced blood BHBA and urea concentrations), milk chemical composition and immune system function.

ACS Style

Eleni Tsiplakou; Alexandros Mavrommatis; Dimitrios Skliros; Kyriaki Sotirakoglou; Emmanouil Flemetakis; George Zervas. The effects of dietary supplementation with rumen-protected amino acids on the expression of several genes involved in the immune system of dairy sheep. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 2018, 102, 1437 -1449.

AMA Style

Eleni Tsiplakou, Alexandros Mavrommatis, Dimitrios Skliros, Kyriaki Sotirakoglou, Emmanouil Flemetakis, George Zervas. The effects of dietary supplementation with rumen-protected amino acids on the expression of several genes involved in the immune system of dairy sheep. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. 2018; 102 (6):1437-1449.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Eleni Tsiplakou; Alexandros Mavrommatis; Dimitrios Skliros; Kyriaki Sotirakoglou; Emmanouil Flemetakis; George Zervas. 2018. "The effects of dietary supplementation with rumen-protected amino acids on the expression of several genes involved in the immune system of dairy sheep." Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 102, no. 6: 1437-1449.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2017 in Animal Feed Science and Technology
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Β. Kotsampasi; C. Christodoulou; E. Tsiplakou; A. Mavrommatis; C. Mitsiopoulou; C. Karaiskou; Vassilios Dotas; P.H. Robinson; Vasileios Bampidis; G. Zervas. Effects of dietary pomegranate pulp silage supplementation on milk yield and composition, milk fatty acid profile and blood plasma antioxidant status of lactating dairy cows. Animal Feed Science and Technology 2017, 234, 228 -236.

AMA Style

Β. Kotsampasi, C. Christodoulou, E. Tsiplakou, A. Mavrommatis, C. Mitsiopoulou, C. Karaiskou, Vassilios Dotas, P.H. Robinson, Vasileios Bampidis, G. Zervas. Effects of dietary pomegranate pulp silage supplementation on milk yield and composition, milk fatty acid profile and blood plasma antioxidant status of lactating dairy cows. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 2017; 234 ():228-236.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Β. Kotsampasi; C. Christodoulou; E. Tsiplakou; A. Mavrommatis; C. Mitsiopoulou; C. Karaiskou; Vassilios Dotas; P.H. Robinson; Vasileios Bampidis; G. Zervas. 2017. "Effects of dietary pomegranate pulp silage supplementation on milk yield and composition, milk fatty acid profile and blood plasma antioxidant status of lactating dairy cows." Animal Feed Science and Technology 234, no. : 228-236.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2017 in Small Ruminant Research
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E. Tsiplakou; L. Yiasoumis; A.C. Maragou; A. Mavrommatis; K. Sotirakoglou; G. Moatsou; G. Zervas. The response of goats to different starch/NDF ratios of concentrates on the milk chemical composition, fatty acid profile, casein fractions and rennet clotting properties. Small Ruminant Research 2017, 156, 82 -88.

AMA Style

E. Tsiplakou, L. Yiasoumis, A.C. Maragou, A. Mavrommatis, K. Sotirakoglou, G. Moatsou, G. Zervas. The response of goats to different starch/NDF ratios of concentrates on the milk chemical composition, fatty acid profile, casein fractions and rennet clotting properties. Small Ruminant Research. 2017; 156 ():82-88.

Chicago/Turabian Style

E. Tsiplakou; L. Yiasoumis; A.C. Maragou; A. Mavrommatis; K. Sotirakoglou; G. Moatsou; G. Zervas. 2017. "The response of goats to different starch/NDF ratios of concentrates on the milk chemical composition, fatty acid profile, casein fractions and rennet clotting properties." Small Ruminant Research 156, no. : 82-88.

Controlled clinical trial
Published: 15 May 2017 in Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition
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Twenty-four dairy sheep and goats, respectively, were assigned each to three homogenous subgroups per animal species and fed the same diet in quantities which met 70% (underfeeding), 100% (control) and 130% (overfeeding) of their energy and crude protein requirements. The results showed that the underfed sheep in comparison with the control had significantly lower glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities and total antioxidant capacity (measured with Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma [FRAP] assay) in their blood plasma. A significant increase in the glutathione transferase (GST) and GPX activities, malondialdehyde content and total antioxidant capacity (measured with 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) [ABTS] assay) in the blood plasma of underfed goats compared with controls was observed, while the opposite happened for the GR and SOD activities. The underfeeding in both animal species caused a significant increase in the protein carbonyls (PC) content of their blood plasma. The overfeeding, compared with the control, caused a significant decline in the GPX activity and total antioxidant capacity (measured with FRAP) in the blood plasma of sheep while the opposite happened for the GPX and GST activities in the case of goats. The overfed animals, of both species, compared with the respective controls, had higher PC content in their blood plasma. The feeding level had no noticeable impact on the antioxidants' enzymes activities of milk in both animal species. Moreover, the underfeeding in the blood plasma and the overfeeding in milk of both animal species resulted into a significant increase in the PC content. Finally, only in sheep milk, the underfeeding, compared with the respective control, and overfeeding reduced significantly the total antioxidant capacity (measured with ABTS). The feeding level caused oxidative stress in both organism and milk but the response was different in animal species and needs further investigation.

ACS Style

E. Tsiplakou; C. Mitsiopoulou; Alexandros Mavrommatis; C. Karaiskou; E. G. Chronopoulou; G. Mavridis; K. Sotirakoglou; N. E. Labrou; G. Zervas. Effect of under- and overfeeding on sheep and goat milk and plasma enzymes activities related to oxidation. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 2017, 102, e288 -e298.

AMA Style

E. Tsiplakou, C. Mitsiopoulou, Alexandros Mavrommatis, C. Karaiskou, E. G. Chronopoulou, G. Mavridis, K. Sotirakoglou, N. E. Labrou, G. Zervas. Effect of under- and overfeeding on sheep and goat milk and plasma enzymes activities related to oxidation. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. 2017; 102 (1):e288-e298.

Chicago/Turabian Style

E. Tsiplakou; C. Mitsiopoulou; Alexandros Mavrommatis; C. Karaiskou; E. G. Chronopoulou; G. Mavridis; K. Sotirakoglou; N. E. Labrou; G. Zervas. 2017. "Effect of under- and overfeeding on sheep and goat milk and plasma enzymes activities related to oxidation." Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 102, no. 1: e288-e298.

Journal article
Published: 26 April 2017 in Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition
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The impact of dietary supplementation with microalgae on goat's milk chemical composition, fatty acids (FA) profile and enzymes activities related to antioxidant mechanism has not been well documented. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary inclusion of Chlorella vulgaris on the following: (i) milk yield, chemical composition and FA profile, (ii) the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in blood plasma and (iii) the activities of SOD, GR and lactoperoxidase (LPO) in milk of goats. Furthermore, the oxidative stress indicators for measuring total antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity [ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) and 2, 2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) assays] and oxidative stress biomarkers [malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyls (PC)] were also determined in blood plasma and milk of the animals. For this purpose, 16 cross-bred goats were divided into two homogenous groups. Each goat of both groups was fed individually with alfalfa hay and concentrates separately. The concentrates of the control group (Control) had no microalgae, while those of the Chlorella group were supplemented with 10 g lyophilized Chlorella vulgaris/kg concentrates (Chlorella). Thus, the average intake was 5.15 g Chlorella vulgaris/kg DM. The results showed that the dietary inclusion of Chlorella vulgaris had not noticeable impact on goat's milk yield, chemical composition and FA profile. Significantly higher SOD (by 10.31%) and CAT (by 18.66%) activities in the blood plasma of goats fed with Chlorella vulgaris compared with the control were found. Moreover, the dietary supplementation with Chlorella vulgaris caused a significant increase in SOD (by 68.84%) activity and a reduction in PC (by 24.07%) content in goat's milk. In conclusion, the Chlorella vulgaris inclusion in goat's diets improved the antioxidant status of both animals and milk.

ACS Style

E. Tsiplakou; M. A. M. Abdullah; Alexandros Mavrommatis; M. Chatzikonstantinou; D. Skliros; K. Sotirakoglou; E. Flemetakis; N. E. Labrou; G. Zervas. The effect of dietaryChlorella vulgarisinclusion on goat's milk chemical composition, fatty acids profile and enzymes activities related to oxidation. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 2017, 102, 142 -151.

AMA Style

E. Tsiplakou, M. A. M. Abdullah, Alexandros Mavrommatis, M. Chatzikonstantinou, D. Skliros, K. Sotirakoglou, E. Flemetakis, N. E. Labrou, G. Zervas. The effect of dietaryChlorella vulgarisinclusion on goat's milk chemical composition, fatty acids profile and enzymes activities related to oxidation. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. 2017; 102 (1):142-151.

Chicago/Turabian Style

E. Tsiplakou; M. A. M. Abdullah; Alexandros Mavrommatis; M. Chatzikonstantinou; D. Skliros; K. Sotirakoglou; E. Flemetakis; N. E. Labrou; G. Zervas. 2017. "The effect of dietaryChlorella vulgarisinclusion on goat's milk chemical composition, fatty acids profile and enzymes activities related to oxidation." Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 102, no. 1: 142-151.

Journal article
Published: 26 January 2017 in Livestock Science
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•11g of Chlorella pyrenoidosa/goat/day had no effect on their antioxidant defense system when given for 28 days.•11g of Chlorella pyrenoidosa/goat/day did not improve the antioxidant status of milk when given for 28 days.•11g of Chlorella pyrenoidosa/goat/day had not noticeable impact on goats milk chemical composition when given for 28 days. AbstractThe effect of dietary inclusion of microalgae on goat's milk chemical composition, fatty acids (FA) profile and enzymes activities related to antioxidant mechanism has not been adequately investigated so far. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary inclusion of Chlorella pyrenoidosa on: a) milk yield, chemical composition and FA profile, b) on the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in blood plasma, and c) on the activities of SOD, GR and lactoperoxidase (LPO) in milk of goats. Additionally, the oxidative stress indicators for measuring total antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity [Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma (FRAP) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) assays] and oxidative stress biomarkers [malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyls (PC)] in goats blood plasma and milk were also determined. Thus, sixteen crossbred goats were divided into two homogenous groups. All the goats were fed individually alfalfa hay and concentrates separately. The concentrates of the control group (Control) had no microalgae while that of the treated group supplemented with 10 g lyophilized Chlorella pyrenoidosa/ kg concentrate (Chlor). The results showed that the Chlor diet compared with the control had not noticeable impact on goats milk yield, chemical composition and fatty acids profile. Furthermore, the Chlor diet had no effect on the antioxidant enzymes activities, antioxidant capacity and oxidative stress indicators in both blood plasma and milk of goats. In conclusion, the daily dietary inclusion of Chlorella pyrenoidosa at 11 g per goat for 28 days did not improves the milk quality and/or the antioxidant status of both animals and milk.

ACS Style

Eleni Tsiplakou; Mahmoud A.M. Abdullah; Alexandros Mavrommatis; Marianna Chatzikonstantinou; Dimitris Skliros; Kyriaki Sotirakoglou; Emmanouil Flemetakis; Nikolaos E. Labrou; George Zervas; Press Enter Key For Correspondence Information. The effect of dietary Chlorella pyrenoidosa inclusion on goats milk chemical composition, fatty acids profile and enzymes activities related to oxidation. Livestock Science 2017, 197, 106 -111.

AMA Style

Eleni Tsiplakou, Mahmoud A.M. Abdullah, Alexandros Mavrommatis, Marianna Chatzikonstantinou, Dimitris Skliros, Kyriaki Sotirakoglou, Emmanouil Flemetakis, Nikolaos E. Labrou, George Zervas, Press Enter Key For Correspondence Information. The effect of dietary Chlorella pyrenoidosa inclusion on goats milk chemical composition, fatty acids profile and enzymes activities related to oxidation. Livestock Science. 2017; 197 ():106-111.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Eleni Tsiplakou; Mahmoud A.M. Abdullah; Alexandros Mavrommatis; Marianna Chatzikonstantinou; Dimitris Skliros; Kyriaki Sotirakoglou; Emmanouil Flemetakis; Nikolaos E. Labrou; George Zervas; Press Enter Key For Correspondence Information. 2017. "The effect of dietary Chlorella pyrenoidosa inclusion on goats milk chemical composition, fatty acids profile and enzymes activities related to oxidation." Livestock Science 197, no. : 106-111.

Controlled clinical trial
Published: 09 June 2016 in Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition
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This study investigated the effects of dietary inclusion of rumen-protected methionine alone or in combination with rumen-protected choline and betaine on: (i) milk yield, chemical composition and fatty acids (FA) profile and (ii) blood plasma glutathione transferase (GST) activity of periparturient ewes. Furthermore, the oxidative stress indicators for measuring total antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity [ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) assays] were also determined in plasma and milk of ewes. Thus, 45 ewes were divided into three equal groups. Each animal of the control group fed daily with a basal diet. The same diet was offered also in each animal of the other two groups. However, the concentrate fed to M group was supplemented with 2.5 g/kg rumen-protected methionine, while the concentrate fed to MCB group with 5 g/kg of a commercial product which contained a combination of methionine, choline and betaine, all three in rumen-protected form. The results showed that the M diet, compared with the control, increased significantly the ewe's milk fat and the total solids content. Likewise, a tendency for higher milk fat and total solids content in ewes fed the MCB diet was also observed. Both M and MCB diets had not noticeable impact on ewes milk FA profile. Significantly higher FRAP values in the blood plasma of ewes fed the MCB and in the milk of ewes fed with the M diet compared with the control were found. Additionally, significantly higher GST activity in the blood plasma of ewes fed the M diet, compared with the control, was observed. Moreover, a significant increase (by 20%) and a tendency for increase (by 16.72%) in the growth rate of lambs nursing ewes fed with M and MCB diets, respectively, compared to controls, were found.

ACS Style

E. Tsiplakou; Alexandros Mavrommatis; T. Kalogeropoulos; M. Chatzikonstantinou; P. Koutsouli; K. Sotirakoglou; N. Labrou; G. Zervas. The effect of dietary supplementation with rumen-protected methionine alone or in combination with rumen-protected choline and betaine on sheep milk and antioxidant capacity. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 2016, 101, 1004 -1013.

AMA Style

E. Tsiplakou, Alexandros Mavrommatis, T. Kalogeropoulos, M. Chatzikonstantinou, P. Koutsouli, K. Sotirakoglou, N. Labrou, G. Zervas. The effect of dietary supplementation with rumen-protected methionine alone or in combination with rumen-protected choline and betaine on sheep milk and antioxidant capacity. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. 2016; 101 (5):1004-1013.

Chicago/Turabian Style

E. Tsiplakou; Alexandros Mavrommatis; T. Kalogeropoulos; M. Chatzikonstantinou; P. Koutsouli; K. Sotirakoglou; N. Labrou; G. Zervas. 2016. "The effect of dietary supplementation with rumen-protected methionine alone or in combination with rumen-protected choline and betaine on sheep milk and antioxidant capacity." Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 101, no. 5: 1004-1013.