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Massimo De Marchi
Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy

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Journal article
Published: 04 June 2021 in Journal of Food Composition and Analysis
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The objective of the present study was to develop multivariate process monitoring models for weight loss of high-moisture mozzarella cheese during shelf-life. Eighty-two production batches from an industrial cheese factory were sampled in four non-consecutive days. Chemical composition of curd and mozzarella was analyzed using near infrared spectroscopy. Weight loss of mozzarella balls at 10 and 21 days after production were evaluated as measure of process efficiency. Principal component regression and linear regression coupled with variable selection were tested for their accuracy in predicting weight loss. Analysis of variance highlighted that shelf-life and sampling day had the strongest effect on mozzarella cheese chemical composition. Weight loss was predicted from curd and mozzarella composition with coefficient of determination ranging from 0.49 to 0.54. Batches with unsatisfactory performances were determined with accuracy ranging between 0.81 and 0.84. Possible applications of proposed models were evaluated based on their performances as well on their usability in dairies. Overall, findings suggest that the most suitable method for routine process control is linear regression algorithm on selected variables.

ACS Style

Marco Franzoi; Matteo Ghetti; Lorenzo Di Monte; Massimo De Marchi. Investigation of weight loss in mozzarella cheese using NIR predicted chemical composition and multivariate analysis. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 2021, 102, 104002 .

AMA Style

Marco Franzoi, Matteo Ghetti, Lorenzo Di Monte, Massimo De Marchi. Investigation of weight loss in mozzarella cheese using NIR predicted chemical composition and multivariate analysis. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. 2021; 102 ():104002.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marco Franzoi; Matteo Ghetti; Lorenzo Di Monte; Massimo De Marchi. 2021. "Investigation of weight loss in mozzarella cheese using NIR predicted chemical composition and multivariate analysis." Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 102, no. : 104002.

Review
Published: 14 May 2021 in Antioxidants
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The interest for safe and natural foods of animal origin is currently increasing the use of plant feed additives (PFA) as antioxidants in animal nutrition. However, studies with livestock animals dealing with PFA as antioxidants are scarce. The aim of the present review was to evaluate the antioxidant impact of PFA compared with synthetic vitamins on animal food product yield and quality. For this purpose, peer-reviewed studies published between 2000 and 2020 were collected. Most papers were carried out on ruminants (n = 13), but PFA were also tested in swine (n = 6) and rabbits (n = 2). The inclusion of PFA in the diets of pigs, rabbits, and ruminants improved the products’ quality (including organoleptic characteristics and fatty acids profile), oxidative stability, and shelf life, with some impacts also on their yields. The effects of PFA are diverse but often comparable to those of the synthetic antioxidant vitamin E, suggesting their potential as an alternative to this vitamin within the diet.

ACS Style

Eleni Tsiplakou; Rosario Pitino; Carmen Manuelian; Marica Simoni; Christina Mitsiopoulou; Massimo De Marchi; Federico Righi. Plant Feed Additives as Natural Alternatives to the Use of Synthetic Antioxidant Vitamins in Livestock Animal Products Yield, Quality, and Oxidative Status: A Review. Antioxidants 2021, 10, 780 .

AMA Style

Eleni Tsiplakou, Rosario Pitino, Carmen Manuelian, Marica Simoni, Christina Mitsiopoulou, Massimo De Marchi, Federico Righi. Plant Feed Additives as Natural Alternatives to the Use of Synthetic Antioxidant Vitamins in Livestock Animal Products Yield, Quality, and Oxidative Status: A Review. Antioxidants. 2021; 10 (5):780.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Eleni Tsiplakou; Rosario Pitino; Carmen Manuelian; Marica Simoni; Christina Mitsiopoulou; Massimo De Marchi; Federico Righi. 2021. "Plant Feed Additives as Natural Alternatives to the Use of Synthetic Antioxidant Vitamins in Livestock Animal Products Yield, Quality, and Oxidative Status: A Review." Antioxidants 10, no. 5: 780.

Review
Published: 11 May 2021 in Antioxidants
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Scientific evidence demonstrates that plant feed additives (PFA) can be a viable alternative to synthetic antioxidant vitamins in poultry nutrition. PFA are represented by plants, essential oils, plant extracts, and by-products from herbal or crop processing. The use of PFA in the feed industry has increased in recent years as their biologically active compounds (polyphenols) have demonstrated antimicrobial and antioxidant effects in food-producing animals. However, few trials have directly compared the effects of PFA with synthetic vitamins. After a systematic literature review of studies comparing the effects of PFA and synthetic vitamins on poultry products in the last 20 years (2000–2020), a total of 44 peer-reviewed articles were included in the present work. A positive effect of PFA on poultry products’ oxidative stability during storage, organoleptic characteristics, and fatty acids profile has been observed without a specific impact on their performances. The effects of PFA are variable but often similar to those of vitamin E, suggesting the opportunity for a partial substitution of the latter in poultry diets.

ACS Style

Rosario Pitino; Massimo De Marchi; Carmen Manuelian; Marion Johnson; Marica Simoni; Federico Righi; Eleni Tsiplakou. Plant Feed Additives as Natural Alternatives to the Use of Synthetic Antioxidant Vitamins on Yield, Quality, and Oxidative Status of Poultry Products: A Review of the Literature of the Last 20 Years. Antioxidants 2021, 10, 757 .

AMA Style

Rosario Pitino, Massimo De Marchi, Carmen Manuelian, Marion Johnson, Marica Simoni, Federico Righi, Eleni Tsiplakou. Plant Feed Additives as Natural Alternatives to the Use of Synthetic Antioxidant Vitamins on Yield, Quality, and Oxidative Status of Poultry Products: A Review of the Literature of the Last 20 Years. Antioxidants. 2021; 10 (5):757.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rosario Pitino; Massimo De Marchi; Carmen Manuelian; Marion Johnson; Marica Simoni; Federico Righi; Eleni Tsiplakou. 2021. "Plant Feed Additives as Natural Alternatives to the Use of Synthetic Antioxidant Vitamins on Yield, Quality, and Oxidative Status of Poultry Products: A Review of the Literature of the Last 20 Years." Antioxidants 10, no. 5: 757.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2021 in Journal of Dairy Science
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In European countries, silage-free feeding is an ancient tradition and has a particularly positive reputation among consumers. In the present study, we compared grass-based forages from the same plot conserved as hay or silage or fed fresh either on pasture or indoors, and we evaluated the differences in sensory properties of milk and uncooked pressed cheese. All herbage from the first cut of a grassland dominated by perennial ryegrass was harvested on the same day and preserved either as hay or silage. The first regrowth of the same plot was used for strip grazing or green feeding indoors. Balanced by breed, 24 Montbéliarde and 24 Holstein cows were allocated to the 4 treatments. Apart from the forages, the late-lactation cows received 3 kg/d of dry matter from concentrate. After 2 wk of dietary adaptation, the bulk milk of 3 subgroups, each with 4 cows, was collected. Part of the milk was pasteurized, and part was left raw and partly transformed to small-sized Cantal-type cheese ripened for 9 wk. Milk and cheese underwent descriptive sensory analysis by a trained sensory panel, as well as analyses of physicochemical traits. Volatile organic compounds of the cheeses were also analyzed. Raw and pasteurized milk from hay-fed cows had less intense odors of cooked milk, cream, and barnyard than milk from grazing cows, whereby the effect of pasteurization did not differ between herbage utilization methods. Cheeses obtained from cows fed fresh herbage (grazing and indoors) were clearly yellower than cheeses from silage- and hay-fed cows, which coincided with the color intensity perceived by the panelists. Moreover, cheeses from cows fed fresh herbage had more intense barnyard and dry fruit flavors, were perceived as creamier and having less lactic odor, and exhibited more fat exudation than those from cows fed conserved herbage. Only a few differences were observed in milk and cheeses from hay-fed compared with silage-fed cows, and those differences were far less pronounced than those of milk and cheeses from cows fed fresh herbage. In conclusion, the present study did not substantiate assumptions of clear sensory differences of milk and uncooked pressed cheese from hay-fed compared with silage-fed cows. For the first time, this study reports that the global flavor intensity of cheeses from indoor green-fed cows is similar to that of cheeses derived from cows fed conserved forages, whereas cheeses from grazing cows have the greatest global flavor intensity.

ACS Style

E. Manzocchi; B. Martin; C. Bord; I. Verdier-Metz; M. Bouchon; M. De Marchi; I. Constant; K. Giller; M. Kreuzer; J. Berard; M. Musci; M. Coppa. Feeding cows with hay, silage, or fresh herbage on pasture or indoors affects sensory properties and chemical composition of milk and cheese. Journal of Dairy Science 2021, 104, 5285 -5302.

AMA Style

E. Manzocchi, B. Martin, C. Bord, I. Verdier-Metz, M. Bouchon, M. De Marchi, I. Constant, K. Giller, M. Kreuzer, J. Berard, M. Musci, M. Coppa. Feeding cows with hay, silage, or fresh herbage on pasture or indoors affects sensory properties and chemical composition of milk and cheese. Journal of Dairy Science. 2021; 104 (5):5285-5302.

Chicago/Turabian Style

E. Manzocchi; B. Martin; C. Bord; I. Verdier-Metz; M. Bouchon; M. De Marchi; I. Constant; K. Giller; M. Kreuzer; J. Berard; M. Musci; M. Coppa. 2021. "Feeding cows with hay, silage, or fresh herbage on pasture or indoors affects sensory properties and chemical composition of milk and cheese." Journal of Dairy Science 104, no. 5: 5285-5302.

Review
Published: 23 April 2021 in Antioxidants
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Plant feed additives (PFA) such as essential oils, extracts, and by-products from plant processing can be included in poultry diets. A total of 39 peer-reviewed articles were selected from the literature published in the last 20 years (2000–2020) comparing PFA antioxidant effects with synthetic antioxidant vitamins (mainly vitamin E) in poultry nutrition. The PFA can be used as an effective nutritional strategy to face poultry’s oxidative stress with positive impact also on their productivity and efficiency. They can partially or completely replace antioxidant synthetic vitamins (the latter administered at doses between 150 and 500 mg/kg) in animal diets, sometimes affecting important physiological functions or expressing synergistic effect with the synthetic antioxidants. It is crucial to take into consideration the issues related to the absorption and the metabolism of these additives and their interaction with gut microbiota. However, some form- and dose-dependent negative effects on growth performances are observed.

ACS Style

Federico Righi; Rosario Pitino; Carmen Manuelian; Marica Simoni; Afro Quarantelli; Massimo De Marchi; Eleni Tsiplakou. Plant Feed Additives as Natural Alternatives to the Use of Synthetic Antioxidant Vitamins on Poultry Performances, Health, and Oxidative Status: A Review of the Literature in the Last 20 Years. Antioxidants 2021, 10, 659 .

AMA Style

Federico Righi, Rosario Pitino, Carmen Manuelian, Marica Simoni, Afro Quarantelli, Massimo De Marchi, Eleni Tsiplakou. Plant Feed Additives as Natural Alternatives to the Use of Synthetic Antioxidant Vitamins on Poultry Performances, Health, and Oxidative Status: A Review of the Literature in the Last 20 Years. Antioxidants. 2021; 10 (5):659.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Federico Righi; Rosario Pitino; Carmen Manuelian; Marica Simoni; Afro Quarantelli; Massimo De Marchi; Eleni Tsiplakou. 2021. "Plant Feed Additives as Natural Alternatives to the Use of Synthetic Antioxidant Vitamins on Poultry Performances, Health, and Oxidative Status: A Review of the Literature in the Last 20 Years." Antioxidants 10, no. 5: 659.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2021 in Journal of Dairy Science
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Curd samples (n = 83) from 3 European dairy companies were analyzed for micellar and soluble mineral fractions content using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry as a gold standard method. The same curd samples were analyzed through 3 different near-infrared (NIR) instruments, and NIR spectra were merged with reference data. Prediction equations were developed using modified partial least squares analysis, and the accuracy of prediction was evaluated through leave-one-out cross validation. Overall, NIR spectroscopy was capable of predicting micellar and soluble mineral fractions in curd, but with differences among instruments. Fitting statistics showed that the visible NIR instrument in reflectance mode outperformed the NIR instrument in transmittance mode as well as the portable NIR instrument in reflectance mode. Prediction accuracies for most of the analyzed mineral fractions can be used for curd quality control in dairy companies and to aid in decision-making during the cheesemaking process.

ACS Style

M. Saugo; M. Franzoi; G. Niero; M. De Marchi. Mineral equilibrium in commercial curd and predictive ability of near-infrared spectroscopy. Journal of Dairy Science 2021, 104, 3947 -3955.

AMA Style

M. Saugo, M. Franzoi, G. Niero, M. De Marchi. Mineral equilibrium in commercial curd and predictive ability of near-infrared spectroscopy. Journal of Dairy Science. 2021; 104 (4):3947-3955.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. Saugo; M. Franzoi; G. Niero; M. De Marchi. 2021. "Mineral equilibrium in commercial curd and predictive ability of near-infrared spectroscopy." Journal of Dairy Science 104, no. 4: 3947-3955.

Case report
Published: 01 April 2021 in Animals
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Extensive summer grazing is a dairy herd management practice frequently adopted in mountainous areas. Nowadays, this activity is threatened by its high labour demand, but it is fundamental for environmental, touristic and economic implications, as well as for the preservation of social and cultural traditions. Scarce information on the effects of such low-input farming systems on cattle health is available. Therefore, the present case study aimed at investigating how grazing may affect the health status of dairy cows by using milk traits routinely available from the national milk recording scheme. The research involved a dairy herd of 52 Simmental and 19 Holstein × Simmental crossbred cows. The herd had access to the pasture according to a rotational grazing scheme from late spring up to the end of summer. A total of 616 test day records collected immediately before and during the grazing season were used. Individual milk yield was registered during the milking procedure. Milk samples were analysed for composition (fat, protein, casein and lactose contents) and health-related milk indicators (electrical conductivity, urea and β-hydroxybutyrate) using mid-infrared spectroscopy. Somatic cell count (SCC) and differential SCC were also determined. Data were analysed with a linear mixed model, which included the fixed effects of the period of sampling, cow breed, stage of lactation and parity, and the random effects of cow nested within breed and the residual. The transition from barn farming to pasture had a negative effect on milk yield, together with a small deterioration of fat and protein percentages. Health-related milk indicators showed a minor deterioration of the fat to protein ratio, differential SCC and electrical conductivity, particularly towards the end of the grazing season, whereas the somatic cell score and β-hydroxybutyrate were relatively constant. Overall, the study showed that, when properly managed, pasture grazing does not have detrimental effects on dairy cows in terms of udder health and efficiency. Therefore, the proper management of cows on pasture can be a valuable solution to preserve the economic, social and environmental sustainability of small dairy farms in the alpine regions, without impairing cows’ health.

ACS Style

Giovanni Niero; Tania Bobbo; Simone Callegaro; Giulio Visentin; Cristina Pornaro; Mauro Penasa; Giulio Cozzi; Massimo De Marchi; Martino Cassandro. Dairy Cows’ Health during Alpine Summer Grazing as Assessed by Milk Traits, Including Differential Somatic Cell Count: A Case Study from Italy. Animals 2021, 11, 981 .

AMA Style

Giovanni Niero, Tania Bobbo, Simone Callegaro, Giulio Visentin, Cristina Pornaro, Mauro Penasa, Giulio Cozzi, Massimo De Marchi, Martino Cassandro. Dairy Cows’ Health during Alpine Summer Grazing as Assessed by Milk Traits, Including Differential Somatic Cell Count: A Case Study from Italy. Animals. 2021; 11 (4):981.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giovanni Niero; Tania Bobbo; Simone Callegaro; Giulio Visentin; Cristina Pornaro; Mauro Penasa; Giulio Cozzi; Massimo De Marchi; Martino Cassandro. 2021. "Dairy Cows’ Health during Alpine Summer Grazing as Assessed by Milk Traits, Including Differential Somatic Cell Count: A Case Study from Italy." Animals 11, no. 4: 981.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2021 in Journal of Dairy Science
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ACS Style

A. Costa; G. Niero; M. Franzoi; M. Cassandro; M. De Marchi; M. Penasa. Short communication: Iodine content in bovine milk is lowly heritable and shows limited genetic variation. Journal of Dairy Science 2021, 104, 3292 -3297.

AMA Style

A. Costa, G. Niero, M. Franzoi, M. Cassandro, M. De Marchi, M. Penasa. Short communication: Iodine content in bovine milk is lowly heritable and shows limited genetic variation. Journal of Dairy Science. 2021; 104 (3):3292-3297.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. Costa; G. Niero; M. Franzoi; M. Cassandro; M. De Marchi; M. Penasa. 2021. "Short communication: Iodine content in bovine milk is lowly heritable and shows limited genetic variation." Journal of Dairy Science 104, no. 3: 3292-3297.

Journal article
Published: 16 February 2021 in Agriculture
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In Italy most dairy cows produce milk for cheese manufacture and are farmed in intensive systems, with free stall barns, milking parlor or robotic milking, total mixed ration and no (or limited) access to pasture. The main objective for farmers is to maximize farm income and minimize farm costs by adopting strategies and ‘best practices’ in the early life of heifers. Monitoring body weight (BW) and fertility of young stock is fundamental to ensure good performances in future dairy cows and to enhance farm profit. In this study BW (kg) and average daily gain (ADG, kg/d) recorded at different stages in early life of 382 Holstein calves were used to estimate associations with fertility traits. Data consisted of BW at birth (BW0), three BWs (BW1, BW2, and BW3) recorded in three phases of calf’s early life, ADG in the three phases (ADGI, ADGII, and ADGIII), ADG of the entire period (ADGI-III), number of services per pregnancy (NS), and age at first calving (AFC). As expected, the four BWs were positively correlated to each. In general, heavier calves were characterized by better fertility compared to lighter calves. Monitoring BW and ADG in replacement heifers starting from the early age is recommended to improve NS and AFC at farm level and could be useful to set up genetic improvement programs. Future studies will benefit from the addition of milk-related traits and the increase of sample size (number of farms).

ACS Style

Angela Costa; Carlo Boselli; Massimo De Marchi. Effect of Body Weight and Growth in Early Life on the Reproductive Performances of Holstein Heifers. Agriculture 2021, 11, 159 .

AMA Style

Angela Costa, Carlo Boselli, Massimo De Marchi. Effect of Body Weight and Growth in Early Life on the Reproductive Performances of Holstein Heifers. Agriculture. 2021; 11 (2):159.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Angela Costa; Carlo Boselli; Massimo De Marchi. 2021. "Effect of Body Weight and Growth in Early Life on the Reproductive Performances of Holstein Heifers." Agriculture 11, no. 2: 159.

Journal article
Published: 21 January 2021 in Scientific Reports
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Flexitarians have reduced their meat consumption showing a rising interest in plant-based meat alternatives with ‘meaty’ characteristics, and we are witnessing an unprecedented growth of meat substitutes in the Western market. However, to our knowledge, no information regarding the ‘simulated beef burgers’ nutritional profile compared to similar meat products has been published yet. Here we show that, whilst both plant-based and meat-based burgers have similar protein profile and saturated fat content, the former are richer in minerals and polyunsaturated fatty acids. We found that the most abundant minerals in both categories were Na, K, P, S, Ca, and Mg; being Na and S content similar between groups. Only six amino acids differed between categories, being hydroxyproline exclusively in meat-based burgers. Plant-based burgers revealed fourfold greater content of n-6 than meat-based burgers, and greater short-chain fatty acids proportion. Our results demonstrate how ‘simulated beef’ products may be authenticated based on some specific nutrients and are a good source of minerals. We believe that there is a need to provide complete and unbiased nutritional information on these ‘new’ vegan products so that consumers can adjust their diet to nutritional needs.

ACS Style

Massimo De Marchi; Angela Costa; Marta Pozza; Arianna Goi; Carmen L. Manuelian. Detailed characterization of plant-based burgers. Scientific Reports 2021, 11, 1 -9.

AMA Style

Massimo De Marchi, Angela Costa, Marta Pozza, Arianna Goi, Carmen L. Manuelian. Detailed characterization of plant-based burgers. Scientific Reports. 2021; 11 (1):1-9.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Massimo De Marchi; Angela Costa; Marta Pozza; Arianna Goi; Carmen L. Manuelian. 2021. "Detailed characterization of plant-based burgers." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1: 1-9.

Short communication
Published: 01 January 2021 in Italian Journal of Animal Science
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In bovine milk, Ca and P are partitioned between micellar (MP) and soluble phase (SP), both having important effects on coagulation properties. In particular, greater mineral content in the MP translates into better milk coagulation ability. Nevertheless, the high analytic costs of gold standard methods hamper the possibility to deepen partition of minerals in MP and SP on a large scale. In this study, MP and SP of Ca and P were predicted from 111,653 milk mid-infrared spectra of Holstein cows to investigate genetic parameters. The average coefficient of determination of the prediction models in cross validation was 0.73. Heritability estimates of MP and SP of Ca and P ranged from 0.472 to 0.548 and the two phases of the same mineral were negatively correlated. The MP of Ca was genetically associated with protein yield (0.284) and content (0.658); in the case of MP of P, the latter were equal to 0.262 and 0.808, respectively. The current selection index of Italian Holstein places positive emphasis on protein percentage and yield, thus it is likely that the MP of the investigated minerals is increasing at the expense of the SP. In perspective, it would be important to assess genetic correlations between measured and predicted phenotypes to corroborate the use of such predictions for management and breeding purposes.

ACS Style

Marco Franzoi; Angela Costa; Mauro Penasa; Massimo De Marchi. Genetic background of calcium and phosphorus phases predicted from milk mid-infrared spectra of Holstein cows. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2021, 20, 777 -783.

AMA Style

Marco Franzoi, Angela Costa, Mauro Penasa, Massimo De Marchi. Genetic background of calcium and phosphorus phases predicted from milk mid-infrared spectra of Holstein cows. Italian Journal of Animal Science. 2021; 20 (1):777-783.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marco Franzoi; Angela Costa; Mauro Penasa; Massimo De Marchi. 2021. "Genetic background of calcium and phosphorus phases predicted from milk mid-infrared spectra of Holstein cows." Italian Journal of Animal Science 20, no. 1: 777-783.

Papers
Published: 01 January 2021 in Italian Journal of Animal Science
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Data about diet and digestion process of cattle are important for the fine-tuning of the diet and from an environmental point of view. Given the capacity of the near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to provide easily, quickly and cheap data its ability in predicting dietary and faecal chemical composition, fibre-bound N and total-tract apparent digestibility (ttaD) of beef cattle were tested. The ttaD was estimated using the dietary and faecal undigestible neutral detergent fibre (uNDF) as an internal marker. A total of 172 pool faecal samples and 164 total mixed ration (TMR) samples were randomly collected 24 h post-feeding across the fattening groups of young males and females Charolaise beef cattle. Both TMR and faeces were analysed chemically and through visible/NIRS instrument. Calibration models were developed using a modified partial least squares (mPLS) regression analysis and tested by a leave-one-out cross-validation procedure and the best calibrations were selected based on various parameters including the coefficient of determination of calibration (R2CrV) and the residual predictive deviation (RPD). The overall composition of TMR and faeces were similar to that reported in literature and the coefficient of variation was higher than 12% for most of the parameters studied. The NIRS was able to accurately predict the ADF, nitrogen (N), and ash content in the TMR, whereas in faeces only the ADF prediction was acceptable. The ttaD and total-tract true digestibility of N using the uNDF as an internal marker were inaccurately predicted both in TMR and in faeces (R2CrV ≤0.66; RPD ≤ 1.71).

ACS Style

Marica Simoni; Arianna Goi; Massimo De Marchi; Federico Righi. The use of visible/near-infrared spectroscopy to predict fibre fractions, fibre-bound nitrogen and total-tract apparent nutrients digestibility in beef cattle diets and faeces. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2021, 20, 814 -825.

AMA Style

Marica Simoni, Arianna Goi, Massimo De Marchi, Federico Righi. The use of visible/near-infrared spectroscopy to predict fibre fractions, fibre-bound nitrogen and total-tract apparent nutrients digestibility in beef cattle diets and faeces. Italian Journal of Animal Science. 2021; 20 (1):814-825.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marica Simoni; Arianna Goi; Massimo De Marchi; Federico Righi. 2021. "The use of visible/near-infrared spectroscopy to predict fibre fractions, fibre-bound nitrogen and total-tract apparent nutrients digestibility in beef cattle diets and faeces." Italian Journal of Animal Science 20, no. 1: 814-825.

Papers
Published: 01 January 2021 in Italian Journal of Animal Science
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Milk somatic cell count (SCC), an indicator of udder health and milk hygiene, has not been implemented either in milk payment systems or in the current selection index of Italian buffalo so far. As a matter of fact, there is room to improve udder health through genetic and management strategies in this species. Repeated milk SCC test-day (TD) records on the same animal are useful to derive novel phenotypes on lactation basis by using somatic cell score (SCS) and thus to disclose buffaloes with udder issues to be monitored. In this study, sources of variation of SCC-derived traits in buffalo milk were investigated and their effect on milk yield and composition traits was estimated. Mean SCS (SCS150), standard deviation of SCS (SCS_SD150) and severity (SEV150, ratio between the number of TD SCC >200,000 cells/mL and total number of TD available in the first 150 DIM) in the first 150 days in milk were calculated using TD data of 45,312 lactations from 35,623 buffaloes. Sources of variation of such traits were investigated through a linear model. Both SCS150 and SEV150 increased with parity, whereas SCS_SD150 decreased (p < .001). Subsequently, the three traits were separately included in the model as explanatory variables to estimate their effect on milk yield and composition traits. Results showed that milk yield and lactose content were lower in animals with high and variable SCS in the first 150 days of lactation (p < .001). This study opens the debate on the development of an udder health index for the Italian buffalo.

ACS Style

Angela Costa; Massimo De Marchi; Gianluca Neglia; Giuseppe Campanile; Mauro Penasa. Milk somatic cell count-derived traits as new indicators to monitor udder health in dairy buffaloes. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2021, 20, 548 -558.

AMA Style

Angela Costa, Massimo De Marchi, Gianluca Neglia, Giuseppe Campanile, Mauro Penasa. Milk somatic cell count-derived traits as new indicators to monitor udder health in dairy buffaloes. Italian Journal of Animal Science. 2021; 20 (1):548-558.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Angela Costa; Massimo De Marchi; Gianluca Neglia; Giuseppe Campanile; Mauro Penasa. 2021. "Milk somatic cell count-derived traits as new indicators to monitor udder health in dairy buffaloes." Italian Journal of Animal Science 20, no. 1: 548-558.

Journal article
Published: 23 December 2020 in Animal
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Livestock species are major contributors to the increase of antimicrobial (AM) resistance which is a worldwide concern for both human and animal health. The over-use of AM is widely acknowledged, however, unlike pigs, poultry and dairy cattle, knowledge on potential risk factors affecting AM usage (AMU) in beef industry is limited. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the impact of farm, breed, sex and season of arrival of purchased beef cattle on AMU in Italian beef cattle. Data on 1 063 batches were collected from January 2016 to April 2019 from specialised beef fattening farms located in the north of Italy. Information on breed, sex, date of arrival, performance traits and AM agents used on farm was collected, and the treatment incidence 100 (TI100) indexes per batch were calculated using the defined daily dose animal estimated according to Italian summaries of product characteristics. Factors affecting TI100 indexes were investigated using a cross-classified multilevel model. Farms largely differed in terms of AMU. Males had greater AMU than females (P < 0.001), likely due to their higher susceptibility to disease. Statistically significant differences were observed between seasons of arrival with summer and spring having lower TI100 indexes than winter and autumn (P < 0.001). Indeed, winter is commonly linked to an increase in respiratory diseases in beef cattle. Finally, the TI100it indexes tended to be different among breeds with Blonde d'Aquitaine and Limousine having greater AMU compared to the other breeds. Results of this study provided valuable information on potential risk factors of AMU in beef production which may be useful to address its reduction. For instance, the development of tailored management strategies for specific breeds, targeted approaches to improve the health of males as well as greater care towards batches purchased in winter are possible advice to implement on-farm for a more responsible AM stewardship.

ACS Style

A. Diana; M. Penasa; M. Santinello; F. Scali; E. Magni; G.L. Alborali; L. Bertocchi; M. De Marchi. Exploring potential risk factors of antimicrobial use in beef cattle. Animal 2020, 15, 100091 .

AMA Style

A. Diana, M. Penasa, M. Santinello, F. Scali, E. Magni, G.L. Alborali, L. Bertocchi, M. De Marchi. Exploring potential risk factors of antimicrobial use in beef cattle. Animal. 2020; 15 (2):100091.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. Diana; M. Penasa; M. Santinello; F. Scali; E. Magni; G.L. Alborali; L. Bertocchi; M. De Marchi. 2020. "Exploring potential risk factors of antimicrobial use in beef cattle." Animal 15, no. 2: 100091.

Journal article
Published: 15 December 2020 in Journal of Food Composition and Analysis
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Barley grains contain a variable amount of biologically active compounds such as non-starch polysaccharides and phenol compounds. These compounds are important in nutrition due to their significant health benefits and technological role in food. We developed predictive models for β-glucans (BG), arabinoxylans (AX), bound phenols (BP), free phenols (FP), and anthocyanins (AN) based on near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) using two different NIRS instruments with different spectral range and spectral steps. Regressions of modified partial least squares (MPLS) and several combinations of scattering correction and derivative treatments were tested. The optimal calibration models generated high coefficients of determination for BG and BP, but not for AN content. The instrument with the highest resolution only gave better results for BG prediction models, and the addition of the visible range did not prove to be ostensibly advantageous to the determination of any of the active compounds of study, not even in the case of AN analysis.

ACS Style

Elena Albanell; Mariona Martínez; Massimo De Marchi; Carmen L. Manuelian. Prediction of bioactive compounds in barley by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS). Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 2020, 97, 103763 .

AMA Style

Elena Albanell, Mariona Martínez, Massimo De Marchi, Carmen L. Manuelian. Prediction of bioactive compounds in barley by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS). Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. 2020; 97 ():103763.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elena Albanell; Mariona Martínez; Massimo De Marchi; Carmen L. Manuelian. 2020. "Prediction of bioactive compounds in barley by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS)." Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 97, no. : 103763.

Journal article
Published: 10 December 2020 in Animals
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Food antioxidants enhance products shelf life and stability during technological treatments through the maintenance of their physical and chemical properties. Moreover, they are endowed with several positive effects on human health, including cell membranes preservation, enzyme functionality, and DNA integrity. Milk has been described in relation to a wide array of fat soluble and water-soluble antioxidant compounds, in particular vitamin A, C, and E, lactoferrin and peptides derived from casein and whey proteins. The total antioxidant activity (TAA) of milk is a novel and scarcely explored trait, defined as the sum of antioxidant contributions of the aforementioned compounds. On this background, the aims of the present study were to investigate the variability of milk TAA on a large scale exploiting predictions obtained through mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy and to estimate genetic parameters of this trait in Holstein cows. Individual milk samples were collected between January 2011 and December 2018 during the routine milk recording procedure. Samples were analysed for gross composition through MIR spectroscopy and MIR spectra were stored. Milk TAA was then predicted (pTAA) from the stored milk MIR spectra (111,653 test-day records of 9519 cows in 344 herds) using the previously developed prediction model; considering the prediction accuracy, pTAA might be considered a proxy of the TAA determined through the reference method. Overall, pTAA averaged 7.16 mmoL/L of Trolox equivalents, showed a nadir around 40 days after calving and increased thereafter, following a linear trend up to the end of lactation. The lowest pTAA was observed in milk sampled from June to September. Milk pTAA was heritable (0.401 ± 0.015) and genetically associated to fat yield (0.366 ± 0.049), crude protein (CP) yield (0.238 ± 0.052), fat percentage (0.616 ± 0.022) and CP percentage (0.754 ± 0.015). The official selection index of Italian Holstein put the 49% of the emphasis on fat and protein yield and percentage; therefore, it derives that an indirect favourable selection for milk pTAA should be already in progress in Italian Holstein population.

ACS Style

Giovanni Niero; Angela Costa; Marco Franzoi; Giulio Visentin; Martino Cassandro; Massimo De Marchi; Mauro Penasa. Genetic and Non-Genetic Variation of Milk Total Antioxidant Activity Predicted from Mid-Infrared Spectra in Holstein Cows. Animals 2020, 10, 2372 .

AMA Style

Giovanni Niero, Angela Costa, Marco Franzoi, Giulio Visentin, Martino Cassandro, Massimo De Marchi, Mauro Penasa. Genetic and Non-Genetic Variation of Milk Total Antioxidant Activity Predicted from Mid-Infrared Spectra in Holstein Cows. Animals. 2020; 10 (12):2372.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giovanni Niero; Angela Costa; Marco Franzoi; Giulio Visentin; Martino Cassandro; Massimo De Marchi; Mauro Penasa. 2020. "Genetic and Non-Genetic Variation of Milk Total Antioxidant Activity Predicted from Mid-Infrared Spectra in Holstein Cows." Animals 10, no. 12: 2372.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2020 in Journal of Dairy Science
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Miniaturized coagulation (MC) models have been proposed for the evaluation of curd yield (CY) in individual milk samples of different dairy species and breeds, and for the analysis of cheese microstructure and texture. It is still unclear if MC using less than 50 mL of milk is suitable to evaluate CY and chemical composition, and if preservative added to raw milk may interfere with MC process. Therefore, this study aimed at evaluating repeatability and reproducibility of CY, curd moisture, and fat and protein content on curd dry matter (DM) from MC trials using 40 g of milk. Miniaturized coagulations were performed by 3 different operators on 3 consecutive days, using raw milk (RM) and raw milk added with preservative (RMP). Repeatability of CY, calculated as relative standard deviation on 6 miniaturized curds obtained within a day by the same operator, was below 5% for MC carried out with both RM and RMP. The Horwitz ratio, which is the ratio between measured and expected reproducibility, highlighted good reproducibility for CY from RM and fair reproducibility for CY from RMP. The same ratio highlighted lower accuracies for curd moisture and fat and protein content on curd DM, especially for MC trials carried out with RMP. The z-test was performed to evaluate the similarity between curds manufactured with RM and RMP in terms of average yield and chemical composition; z-scores did not highlight significant differences between values obtained from MC carried out with RM and RMP. It can be concluded that preservative had negligible effects on MC, giving the opportunity to extend milk physical and chemical stability, to schedule laboratory trials on longer time span, and to broaden the sample size within a batch of analyses.

ACS Style

G. Niero; A. Goi; V. Vigolo; M. Saugo; M. Franzoi; M. Cassandro; M. Penasa; M. De Marchi. Technical note: Repeatability and reproducibility of curd yield and composition in a miniaturized coagulation model. Journal of Dairy Science 2020, 103, 11100 -11105.

AMA Style

G. Niero, A. Goi, V. Vigolo, M. Saugo, M. Franzoi, M. Cassandro, M. Penasa, M. De Marchi. Technical note: Repeatability and reproducibility of curd yield and composition in a miniaturized coagulation model. Journal of Dairy Science. 2020; 103 (12):11100-11105.

Chicago/Turabian Style

G. Niero; A. Goi; V. Vigolo; M. Saugo; M. Franzoi; M. Cassandro; M. Penasa; M. De Marchi. 2020. "Technical note: Repeatability and reproducibility of curd yield and composition in a miniaturized coagulation model." Journal of Dairy Science 103, no. 12: 11100-11105.

Journal article
Published: 05 October 2020 in Italian Journal of Animal Science
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Thomas Zanon; Angela Costa; Massimo De Marchi; Mauro Penasa; Sven Koenig; Matthias Gauly. Milk yield and quality of Original Brown cattle reared in Italian alpine region. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2020, 19, 1157 -1169.

AMA Style

Thomas Zanon, Angela Costa, Massimo De Marchi, Mauro Penasa, Sven Koenig, Matthias Gauly. Milk yield and quality of Original Brown cattle reared in Italian alpine region. Italian Journal of Animal Science. 2020; 19 (1):1157-1169.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Thomas Zanon; Angela Costa; Massimo De Marchi; Mauro Penasa; Sven Koenig; Matthias Gauly. 2020. "Milk yield and quality of Original Brown cattle reared in Italian alpine region." Italian Journal of Animal Science 19, no. 1: 1157-1169.

Journal article
Published: 16 September 2020 in Animals
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The aim of the present study was to investigate the ability of a handheld near-infrared spectrometer to predict total and gelatinized starch, insoluble fibrous fractions, and mineral content in extruded dry dog food. Intact and ground samples were compared to determine if the homogenization could improve the prediction performance of the instrument. Reference analyses were performed on 81 samples for starch and 99 for neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), and minerals, and reflectance infrared spectra (740 to 1070 nm) were recorded with a SCiO™ near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer. Prediction models were developed using modified partial least squares regression and both internal (leave-one-out cross-validation) and external validation. The best prediction models in cross-validation using ground samples were obtained for gelatinized starch (residual predictive deviation, RPD = 2.54) and total starch (RPD = 2.33), and S (RPD = 1.92), while the best using intact samples were obtained for gelatinized starch (RPD = 2.45), total starch (RPD = 2.08), and K (RPD = 1.98). Through external validation, the best statistics were obtained for gelatinized starch, with an RPD of 2.55 and 2.03 in ground and intact samples, respectively. Overall, there was no difference in prediction models accuracy using ground or intact samples. In conclusion, the miniaturized NIR instrument offers the potential for screening purposes only for total and gelatinized starch, S, and K, whereas the results do not support its applicability for the other traits.

ACS Style

Arianna Goi; Marica Simoni; Federico Righi; Giulio Visentin; Massimo De Marchi. Application of a Handheld Near-Infrared Spectrometer to Predict Gelatinized Starch, Fiber Fractions, and Mineral Content of Ground and Intact Extruded Dry Dog Food. Animals 2020, 10, 1660 .

AMA Style

Arianna Goi, Marica Simoni, Federico Righi, Giulio Visentin, Massimo De Marchi. Application of a Handheld Near-Infrared Spectrometer to Predict Gelatinized Starch, Fiber Fractions, and Mineral Content of Ground and Intact Extruded Dry Dog Food. Animals. 2020; 10 (9):1660.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Arianna Goi; Marica Simoni; Federico Righi; Giulio Visentin; Massimo De Marchi. 2020. "Application of a Handheld Near-Infrared Spectrometer to Predict Gelatinized Starch, Fiber Fractions, and Mineral Content of Ground and Intact Extruded Dry Dog Food." Animals 10, no. 9: 1660.

Journal article
Published: 11 August 2020 in Nutrients
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Background: Fifteen years after a nationwide voluntary iodine prophylaxis program was introduced, the aims of the present study were: (a) to obtain an up-to-date assessment of dietary iodine intake in the Veneto region, Italy; and (b) to assess dietary and socioeconomic factors that might influence iodine status. Methods: Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was obtained in 747 school students (median age 13 years; range: 11–16 years). Results: The median UIC was 111 μg/L, with 56% of samples ≥ 100 μg/L, but 26% were < 50 μg/L, more frequently females. Iodized salt was used by 82% of the students. The median UIC was higher among users of iodized salt than among non-users, 117.0 ug/L versus 90 ug/L (p = 0.01). The median UIC was higher in regular consumers of cow’s milk than in occasional consumers, 132.0 μg/L versus 96.0 μg/L (p < 0.01). A regular intake of milk and/or the use of iodized salt sufficed to reach an adequate median UIC, although satisfying only with the combined use. A trend towards higher UIC values emerged in regular consumers of cheese and yogurt. Conclusion: Iodine status has improved (median UIC 111.0 μg/L), but it is still not adequate as 26% had a UIC < 50 μg/L in the resident population of the Veneto region. A more widespread use of iodized salt but also milk and milk product consumption may have been one of the key factors in achieving this partial improvement.

ACS Style

Simona Censi; Jacopo Manso; Susi Barollo; Alberto Mondin; Loris Bertazza; Massimo De Marchi; Caterina Mian; On Behalf Of The Food And Nutrition Hygiene Services (Sian). Changing Dietary Habits in Veneto Region over Two Decades: Still a Long Road to Go to Reach an Iodine-Sufficient Status. Nutrients 2020, 12, 2399 .

AMA Style

Simona Censi, Jacopo Manso, Susi Barollo, Alberto Mondin, Loris Bertazza, Massimo De Marchi, Caterina Mian, On Behalf Of The Food And Nutrition Hygiene Services (Sian). Changing Dietary Habits in Veneto Region over Two Decades: Still a Long Road to Go to Reach an Iodine-Sufficient Status. Nutrients. 2020; 12 (8):2399.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Simona Censi; Jacopo Manso; Susi Barollo; Alberto Mondin; Loris Bertazza; Massimo De Marchi; Caterina Mian; On Behalf Of The Food And Nutrition Hygiene Services (Sian). 2020. "Changing Dietary Habits in Veneto Region over Two Decades: Still a Long Road to Go to Reach an Iodine-Sufficient Status." Nutrients 12, no. 8: 2399.