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Basim Al-Najjar
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Linnaeus University, Building M, 351-95 Växjö, Sweden

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Journal article
Published: 31 October 2020 in Sustainability
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The commitment of organisations to physical assets management (PAM) has recently received considerable attention in theory and practice. Indeed, PAM plays a key role in asset-intensive organizations and is also considered as a principal actor within Industry 4.0. Therefore, this paper aims to examine the PAM core practices and the performance implications of integrating these practices into business, in particular by assessing their impact on operational performance. Survey data were collected from managers in 138 international and local organisations. The data was analysed using Partial Least Squares Path Modeling (PLS-PM). The study validates the second-order construct consisting of PAM latent variables, namely Strategy and Planning, Risk management, Lifecycle Delivery, Asset Information, and Asset Review. The results have shown that PAM core practices directly influence operational performance. This paper is a response to recent calls for empirical studies on the organisational approaches that can increase the success of organisations.

ACS Style

Damjan Maletič; Matjaž Maletič; Basim Al-Najjar; Boštjan Gomišček. An Analysis of Physical Asset Management Core Practices and Their Influence on Operational Performance. Sustainability 2020, 12, 9097 .

AMA Style

Damjan Maletič, Matjaž Maletič, Basim Al-Najjar, Boštjan Gomišček. An Analysis of Physical Asset Management Core Practices and Their Influence on Operational Performance. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (21):9097.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Damjan Maletič; Matjaž Maletič; Basim Al-Najjar; Boštjan Gomišček. 2020. "An Analysis of Physical Asset Management Core Practices and Their Influence on Operational Performance." Sustainability 12, no. 21: 9097.

Journal article
Published: 13 December 2018 in Sustainability
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This article is aimed at exploring the relationship between physical asset management (PAM) practices and sustainability performance. A framework of interrelated constructs was developed based on the existing literature and consequently tested through empirical study. Survey data were collected from organizations operating in six European countries (i.e., Greece, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, and Turkey) and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Path Modeling (PLS-PM). The results offer support for the proposed hypotheses, showing that PAM practices positively influence the sustainability performance outcomes, namely economic, environmental, and employee-related social performance. Overall, this study demonstrates that a PAM framework can be conceptualized by four sub-constructs, namely physical asset risk management, physical asset performance assessment, physical asset lifecycle management, and physical asset policy and strategy. Finally, this study brings to light some theoretical and managerial implications as well as directions for future research. The findings of the study underscore PAM areas in which managers should focus on in order to optimize costs, performance, and risk exposures concerning the physical assets, and therefore enhance sustainability performance.

ACS Style

Damjan Maletič; Matjaž Maletič; Basim Al-Najjar; Boštjan Gomišček. Development of a Model Linking Physical Asset Management to Sustainability Performance: An Empirical Research. Sustainability 2018, 10, 4759 .

AMA Style

Damjan Maletič, Matjaž Maletič, Basim Al-Najjar, Boštjan Gomišček. Development of a Model Linking Physical Asset Management to Sustainability Performance: An Empirical Research. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (12):4759.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Damjan Maletič; Matjaž Maletič; Basim Al-Najjar; Boštjan Gomišček. 2018. "Development of a Model Linking Physical Asset Management to Sustainability Performance: An Empirical Research." Sustainability 10, no. 12: 4759.

Conference paper
Published: 12 November 2018 in Proceedings of the 2nd Annual International Conference on Material, Machines and Methods for Sustainable Development (MMMS2020)
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In the recent decades the recognition of maintenance as an effective part of the company competitiveness has grown. In order to enhance maintenance performance and its positive impact, integration with the rest of the plant activities should be planned and performed. In this study, Maintenance Function Deployment model was applied on a real data of a case company. The model was used to analyse the company’s production with respect to the business and economic variables. This was done first through finding loss causes of the strategic goals of the case company, then breaking down these causes and their costs into their root causes. Based on economic estimations, the results show that the major root causes behind losses are insufficient training of personnel and lack of maintenance integration. It is concluded that properly considering the integration of maintenance within the company’s activities, reduces loss and improves the company’s performance. Also, that applying MFD eases the identification of the root-causes behind losses as well as quantifying and prioritizing the economic losses.

ACS Style

Hatem Algabroun; Basim Al-Najjar; Anders Ingwald. Assessment of the Impact of Maintenance Integration Within a Plant Using MFD: A Case Study. Proceedings of the 2nd Annual International Conference on Material, Machines and Methods for Sustainable Development (MMMS2020) 2018, 61 -71.

AMA Style

Hatem Algabroun, Basim Al-Najjar, Anders Ingwald. Assessment of the Impact of Maintenance Integration Within a Plant Using MFD: A Case Study. Proceedings of the 2nd Annual International Conference on Material, Machines and Methods for Sustainable Development (MMMS2020). 2018; ():61-71.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hatem Algabroun; Basim Al-Najjar; Anders Ingwald. 2018. "Assessment of the Impact of Maintenance Integration Within a Plant Using MFD: A Case Study." Proceedings of the 2nd Annual International Conference on Material, Machines and Methods for Sustainable Development (MMMS2020) , no. : 61-71.

Conference paper
Published: 01 March 2017 in Odgovorna organizacija / Responsible Organization
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ACS Style

Damjan Maletič; Matjaz Maletic; Basim Al-Najjar; Boštjan Gomišček Boštjan Gomišček. On a Design of a Maintenance Performance Measurement System: a Sustainability Perspective. Odgovorna organizacija / Responsible Organization 2017, 1 .

AMA Style

Damjan Maletič, Matjaz Maletic, Basim Al-Najjar, Boštjan Gomišček Boštjan Gomišček. On a Design of a Maintenance Performance Measurement System: a Sustainability Perspective. Odgovorna organizacija / Responsible Organization. 2017; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Damjan Maletič; Matjaz Maletic; Basim Al-Najjar; Boštjan Gomišček Boštjan Gomišček. 2017. "On a Design of a Maintenance Performance Measurement System: a Sustainability Perspective." Odgovorna organizacija / Responsible Organization , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2017 in orga
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Purpose: The purpose of this empirical study is to examine the role of two contingency factors, i.e. uncertainty and competitiveness in relation to physical asset management (PAM) practices as well as to maintenance key performance indicators. The research is based on a premise that PAM, which was defined by risk management practices, performance assessment practices, life cycle management practices, and policy & strategy practices, has become an indispensable element of strategic thinking of asset owners as well as maintenance and asset managers. The purpose of this study is to advance the understanding of how organizations that face high or low level of uncertainty and competitiveness respond in terms of PAM deployment. Methodology/Approach: This study employed a data set based on a large-scale survey among organizations in six European countries (i.e. Slovenia, Poland, Greece, Sweden, Turkey and Slovakia). Data were collected from 138 organizations located in the above-mentioned countries to conduct the study. Findings: The results show that organizations that are faced with high level of uncertainty and competitiveness are more engaged in the deployment of PAM practices. Moreover, results show that when organizations are facing high levels of competitiveness they are using KPIs to a greater extent than organizations under low levels of competitiveness. Originality/value: From a theoretical perspective, this study contributes to the contingency theory by providing empirical evidence whether a context-dependent approach to PAM is needed. The findings also provide insights for managers on how to respond to the competitive pressure as well as how to customize PAM practices in order to adapt to the changes in dynamic organizational environment.

ACS Style

Damjan Maletič; Matjaž Maletič; Basim Al-Najjar; Katerina Gotzamani; Maria Gianni; T. Bartosz Kalinowski; Boštjan Gomišček. Contingency Factors Influencing Implementation of Physical Asset Management Practices. orga 2017, 50, 3 -16.

AMA Style

Damjan Maletič, Matjaž Maletič, Basim Al-Najjar, Katerina Gotzamani, Maria Gianni, T. Bartosz Kalinowski, Boštjan Gomišček. Contingency Factors Influencing Implementation of Physical Asset Management Practices. orga. 2017; 50 (1):3-16.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Damjan Maletič; Matjaž Maletič; Basim Al-Najjar; Katerina Gotzamani; Maria Gianni; T. Bartosz Kalinowski; Boštjan Gomišček. 2017. "Contingency Factors Influencing Implementation of Physical Asset Management Practices." orga 50, no. 1: 3-16.

Conference paper
Published: 26 March 2016 in Proceedings of the 2nd Annual International Conference on Material, Machines and Methods for Sustainable Development (MMMS2020)
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It is about 50 % of the activities in the housing sector in the EU region are related to maintenance. According to several publications, building management systems are still quite rare and efficient methodologies for service life prediction of building parts still need to be developed. Also, recent studies show difficulties in finding comprehensive answers concerning, e.g. identifying risks and preventive maintenance actions. Incomplete information can easily lead to incorrect maintenance actions. The problem addressed is: How to improve performance and cost-effectiveness of the maintenance applied on real estate facilities especially buildings to reduce maintenance and management costs and increase company profit? The study’s objectives are to analyse maintenance; techniques, costs, weaknesses and potentials, and compare it with manufacturing industry experience. Also, to investigate whether there is a need for a DSS for planning and follow up cost-effective CBM. The major results of four case studies are; (1) Preventive and breakdown maintenance are mainly used and actions are funded from different accounts. (2) The concept of cost-effectiveness is applied occasionally. (3) Lack of CBM-DSS for planning, follow up and evaluate maintenance profitability, and cost-effective improvements of company business and tenant living quality. (4) The profit generated by continuous heating of building thanks efficient maintenance is about 2.332 million SEK. The major conclusion; there is a reasonable opportunity to reduce buildings’ management and maintenance costs.

ACS Style

Basim Al-Najjar; Anders Ingwald; Mirka Kans. Maintenance in Real Estate and Manufacturing Industries: Differences, Problems, Needs and Potentials - Four Case Studies. Proceedings of the 2nd Annual International Conference on Material, Machines and Methods for Sustainable Development (MMMS2020) 2016, 13 -27.

AMA Style

Basim Al-Najjar, Anders Ingwald, Mirka Kans. Maintenance in Real Estate and Manufacturing Industries: Differences, Problems, Needs and Potentials - Four Case Studies. Proceedings of the 2nd Annual International Conference on Material, Machines and Methods for Sustainable Development (MMMS2020). 2016; ():13-27.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Basim Al-Najjar; Anders Ingwald; Mirka Kans. 2016. "Maintenance in Real Estate and Manufacturing Industries: Differences, Problems, Needs and Potentials - Four Case Studies." Proceedings of the 2nd Annual International Conference on Material, Machines and Methods for Sustainable Development (MMMS2020) , no. : 13-27.

Book chapter
Published: 30 November 2014 in Proceedings of the 2nd Annual International Conference on Material, Machines and Methods for Sustainable Development (MMMS2020)
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For companies, in order to stay competitive, it is necessary to continuously increase the effectiveness and efficiency of their production processes. Therefore the purpose of this chapter is to discuss the role of maintenance in achieving the competitive advantages using cost-effectiveness aspect of maintenance process. In this regard, the chapter illustrates/discusses the impact of mechanical and electrical failures on company’s business on an example of a paper mill where processes are running 24/7. Thus, this paper presents the role of vibration-based maintenance (VBM) in enhancing the production and maintenance performance continuously and cost-effectively. Using empirical data collected from a paper mill case study, we found that company could avoid the profit losses even to a greater extent if it would improve the effectiveness of the VBM. With respect to the electrical causes of failures, a live working technique for improving the reliability and availability of the paper machine is proposed. Therefore, maintenance solution concerning the paper machine is suggested and discussed as well as potential benefits are highlighted. The results supported the notion that there is a positive association between the reduction of the unplanned stoppages and potential savings. The results have also shown that there is a need for more systematic approach, and a more holistic view of the maintenance function for establishing and running a cost-effective maintenance policy in the paper mill under consideration.

ACS Style

Damjan Maletič; Viktor Lovrenčič; Matjaž Maletič; Basim Al-Najjar; Boštjan Gomišček. Maintenance Solutions for Cost-Effective Production: A Case Study in a Paper Mill. Proceedings of the 2nd Annual International Conference on Material, Machines and Methods for Sustainable Development (MMMS2020) 2014, 375 -385.

AMA Style

Damjan Maletič, Viktor Lovrenčič, Matjaž Maletič, Basim Al-Najjar, Boštjan Gomišček. Maintenance Solutions for Cost-Effective Production: A Case Study in a Paper Mill. Proceedings of the 2nd Annual International Conference on Material, Machines and Methods for Sustainable Development (MMMS2020). 2014; ():375-385.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Damjan Maletič; Viktor Lovrenčič; Matjaž Maletič; Basim Al-Najjar; Boštjan Gomišček. 2014. "Maintenance Solutions for Cost-Effective Production: A Case Study in a Paper Mill." Proceedings of the 2nd Annual International Conference on Material, Machines and Methods for Sustainable Development (MMMS2020) , no. : 375-385.

Book chapter
Published: 29 August 2014 in Proceedings of the 2nd Annual International Conference on Material, Machines and Methods for Sustainable Development (MMMS2020)
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Profitable production demands continuously improved maintenance decision accuracy for reducing/avoiding failures and unplanned stoppages due to their consequences. More accurate decisions prolong life length of components, and consequently machines, and maintain the production running longer. When a condition-monitoring (CM) value exceeds a significant (warning) level, it demands a clear understanding of what happened and how it will develop in the next future to avoid failures. In addition to CM it demands reliable information concerning the probability of failure, residual lifetime, and when is the most profitable time of conducting maintenance. Companies strive to reduce production cost in order to increase the possibility of offering customers lower prices and generating additional competitive advantages. But applying new technologies for enhancing maintenance, production performances, and company competitiveness counters many problems in industry. In this paper, a new innovative e-maintenance decision support system (eMDSS) is introduced; the problems facing successful implementation of eMDSS based on a case study are introduced and discussed. Solutions to avoid the problems facing successful implementation of eMDSS are suggested and discussed. eMDSS offers a unique opportunity to achieve just in time dynamic and cost-effective maintenance by selecting the most profitable time for maintenance.

ACS Style

Basim Al-Najjar. More Reliable Profitable and Competitive Production via Effective e-Maintenance: A Case Study. Proceedings of the 2nd Annual International Conference on Material, Machines and Methods for Sustainable Development (MMMS2020) 2014, 49 -59.

AMA Style

Basim Al-Najjar. More Reliable Profitable and Competitive Production via Effective e-Maintenance: A Case Study. Proceedings of the 2nd Annual International Conference on Material, Machines and Methods for Sustainable Development (MMMS2020). 2014; ():49-59.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Basim Al-Najjar. 2014. "More Reliable Profitable and Competitive Production via Effective e-Maintenance: A Case Study." Proceedings of the 2nd Annual International Conference on Material, Machines and Methods for Sustainable Development (MMMS2020) , no. : 49-59.

Journal article
Published: 22 August 2014 in orga
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Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to apply an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) for the evaluation/selection of maintenance policy. Methodology/Approach: The paper adopts a case study approach of selecting most appropriate maintenance policy in the case of Slovenian paper mill company. Several steps of the AHP method are used in order to structure the decision-making process. Five possible alternatives are considered: failure based maintenance, preventive maintenance, total productive maintenance, reliability centered maintenance and total quality maintenance. Findings: This paper proposes a framework for maintenance policy selection based on the AHP methodology. The framework was applied to select the most appropriate maintenance policy in a paper mill company. The results suggest that total quality maintenance is the most suitable concept for a paper machine. By performing a sensitivity analysis, it was revealed that the final outcome remained stable in all cases when the weights of the main criteria were increased for 25 percent. Originality/value: The paper contributes to the literature by providing a framework for decision-making process regarding the maintenance policy selection. In addition, this paper utilizes an exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) chart for performing a consistency test. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis also presents an important implication of this study.

ACS Style

Damjan Maletič; Matjaž Maletič; Viktor Lovrenčić; Basim Al-Najjar; Boštjan Gomišček. An Application of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Sensitivity Analysis for Maintenance Policy Selection. orga 2014, 47, 177 -188.

AMA Style

Damjan Maletič, Matjaž Maletič, Viktor Lovrenčić, Basim Al-Najjar, Boštjan Gomišček. An Application of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Sensitivity Analysis for Maintenance Policy Selection. orga. 2014; 47 (3):177-188.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Damjan Maletič; Matjaž Maletič; Viktor Lovrenčić; Basim Al-Najjar; Boštjan Gomišček. 2014. "An Application of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Sensitivity Analysis for Maintenance Policy Selection." orga 47, no. 3: 177-188.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2012 in International Journal of Strategic Engineering Asset Management
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Maintenance has in recent years more and more become recognised as contributing to company profitability and competitiveness. Consequently, the need of selecting the most cost-effective maintenance for a certain component/equipment under certain circumstances has become more emphasised. For a certain component/equipment there might be more than one technically suitable maintenance policy to choose from. The most cost-effective maintenance policy should be selected. In this paper, the most popular selection methods have been introduced, discussed and compared using 11 criteria for identifying their weaknesses and strengths. Also, a study exploring maintenance selection methods in Swedish industry is conducted. Furthermore, a model for selecting and improving a maintenance policy based on cost-effectiveness is developed, tested and discussed in an application example. The model is designed to be user-friendly and usable for all types of maintenance policies. It can utilise historical data regarding failures if available and allow feedback and continuous improvements.

ACS Style

Anders Ingwald; Basim Al Najjar. Selecting and improving a maintenance policy for mechanical components using cost-effectiveness. International Journal of Strategic Engineering Asset Management 2012, 1, 153 .

AMA Style

Anders Ingwald, Basim Al Najjar. Selecting and improving a maintenance policy for mechanical components using cost-effectiveness. International Journal of Strategic Engineering Asset Management. 2012; 1 (2):153.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anders Ingwald; Basim Al Najjar. 2012. "Selecting and improving a maintenance policy for mechanical components using cost-effectiveness." International Journal of Strategic Engineering Asset Management 1, no. 2: 153.

Conference paper
Published: 01 January 2012 in IFAC Proceedings Volumes
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ACS Style

Damjan Maletič; M. Maletič; Basim Al-Najjar; Boštjan Gomišček. The role of maintenance regarding improving product quality and company's profitability: A case study. IFAC Proceedings Volumes 2012, 45, 7 -12.

AMA Style

Damjan Maletič, M. Maletič, Basim Al-Najjar, Boštjan Gomišček. The role of maintenance regarding improving product quality and company's profitability: A case study. IFAC Proceedings Volumes. 2012; 45 (31):7-12.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Damjan Maletič; M. Maletič; Basim Al-Najjar; Boštjan Gomišček. 2012. "The role of maintenance regarding improving product quality and company's profitability: A case study." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 45, no. 31: 7-12.

Book chapter
Published: 30 November 2011 in Asset Management
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This chapter discusses the role of maintenance in relation to company profit. It discusses how the internal effectiveness & creation and improvement of company competitiveness may be improved with better maintenance practices. In order to achieve better competitiveness a conceptual model for integrating the operative and strategic level of operation is developed that is able to identify, quantify & eliminate losses in company profit.

ACS Style

Basim Al-Najjar. Maintenance Impact on Company Competitiveness and Profit. Asset Management 2011, 115 -141.

AMA Style

Basim Al-Najjar. Maintenance Impact on Company Competitiveness and Profit. Asset Management. 2011; ():115-141.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Basim Al-Najjar. 2011. "Maintenance Impact on Company Competitiveness and Profit." Asset Management , no. : 115-141.

Book chapter
Published: 01 January 2010 in E-maintenance
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To survive hard international competition, it is necessary for many producing companies to enhance their competition positions by, for example, reducing production costs and maintaining and improving product quality to increase the profit margin. In order to achieve these strategic goals, strategies for making maintenance more profitable are developed, introduced and discussed in this chapter. These strategies are all developed as software modules included by an innovatively new maintenance decision support system (MDSS). Also, theoretical backgrounds are introduced, and software prototypes for making the application of any of the tools on a daily basis easier and more cost-effective are developed and discussed, and their functionalities are tested. MDSS consists of three toolsets, where each toolset consists of one to three tools that can be used for different objectives and applications. It is designed to support maintenance and production engineers to achieve dynamic and cost-effective maintenance decisions. The latter will be discussed in Chapter 13. MDSS software prototype can be utilised for several objectives, such as, to:

ACS Style

Basim Al-Najjar. Strategies for Maintenance Cost-effectiveness. E-maintenance 2010, 297 -344.

AMA Style

Basim Al-Najjar. Strategies for Maintenance Cost-effectiveness. E-maintenance. 2010; ():297-344.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Basim Al-Najjar. 2010. "Strategies for Maintenance Cost-effectiveness." E-maintenance , no. : 297-344.

Book chapter
Published: 01 January 2010 in E-maintenance
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This chapter outlines the work done in Dynamite project (http://DYNAMITE.vtt.fi), as well as the resulting concept nicknamed as DynaWeb. DynaWeb represents the link between Dynamite and the e-maintenance technologies described in previous chapters and results in a global framework where all technologies can participate within an advanced maintenance solution.

ACS Style

Aitor Arnaiz; Benoît Iung; Basim Al-Najjar; Erkki Jantunen; Kenneth Holmberg; Tonu Naks; David Baglee. A New Integrated E-maintenance Concept. E-maintenance 2010, 61 -82.

AMA Style

Aitor Arnaiz, Benoît Iung, Basim Al-Najjar, Erkki Jantunen, Kenneth Holmberg, Tonu Naks, David Baglee. A New Integrated E-maintenance Concept. E-maintenance. 2010; ():61-82.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aitor Arnaiz; Benoît Iung; Basim Al-Najjar; Erkki Jantunen; Kenneth Holmberg; Tonu Naks; David Baglee. 2010. "A New Integrated E-maintenance Concept." E-maintenance , no. : 61-82.

Book chapter
Published: 01 January 2010 in E-maintenance
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This chapter describes the state of the art in maintenance and its future trends. The key areas that have influenced maintenance in the last 40 years are management of people and assets, and technological capability. These areas are important because they aim to take the best advantage of expensive resources, whether that advantage be profit, or to provide the best possible service with limited resources. The chapter first sets out the current range of maintenance in industrial practice. It is recognised that many businesses do not undertake the full extent of the work reported here, but it is our purpose to survey the state of the art. The chapter then continues to survey the influences of nascent technologies and ideas, before making some predictions about the future. Indeed, some of the most advanced condition-based maintenance effectively aims to predict the future. However, here we do not offer a crystal ball calibrated to international standards; we will constrain ourselves to an informed, independent opinion.

ACS Style

Andrew Starr; Basim Al-Najjar; Kenneth Holmberg; Erkki Jantunen; Jim Bellew; Alhussein Albarbar. Maintenance Today and Future Trends. E-maintenance 2010, 5 -37.

AMA Style

Andrew Starr, Basim Al-Najjar, Kenneth Holmberg, Erkki Jantunen, Jim Bellew, Alhussein Albarbar. Maintenance Today and Future Trends. E-maintenance. 2010; ():5-37.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andrew Starr; Basim Al-Najjar; Kenneth Holmberg; Erkki Jantunen; Jim Bellew; Alhussein Albarbar. 2010. "Maintenance Today and Future Trends." E-maintenance , no. : 5-37.

Book chapter
Published: 01 January 2010 in E-maintenance
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In general, all the elements involved in a production process, such as tools, machinery, methods, competence and working environment are exposed to changes. Thus, to maintain and improve company profitability and competitiveness, it is necessary to reduce losses through maintaining and improving the quality of the elements involved in the production process. Therefore, the maintenance strategy applied should be dynamic to be suited for all these changes cost-effectively. In producing companies, the accuracy of maintenance decisions is essential for reducing economic losses generated due to unnecessary stoppages in companies of intensive capital investment where stoppage time is expensive, especially in paper and pulp mills, refineries, power stations and engineering manufacturing. Therefore, it is necessary for maintenance and production managers to have a system providing the data required to achieve dynamic and cost-effective maintenance decisions.

ACS Style

Basim Al-Najjar; Niclas Eberhagen. Dynamic and Cost-effective Maintenance Decisions. E-maintenance 2010, 345 -390.

AMA Style

Basim Al-Najjar, Niclas Eberhagen. Dynamic and Cost-effective Maintenance Decisions. E-maintenance. 2010; ():345-390.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Basim Al-Najjar; Niclas Eberhagen. 2010. "Dynamic and Cost-effective Maintenance Decisions." E-maintenance , no. : 345-390.