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Both hormonal balance and plant growth may be shaped by microorganisms synthesizing phytohormones, regulating its synthesis in the plant and inducing plant resistance by releasing elicitors from cell walls (CW) by degrading enzymes (CWDE). It was shown that the Trichoderma DEMTkZ3A0 strain, isolated from a healthy rye rhizosphere, colonized the rhizoplane of wheat seedlings and root border cells (RBC) and caused approximately 40% increase of stem weight. The strain inhibited (in over 90%) the growth of polyphagous Fusarium spp. (F. culmorum, F. oxysporum, F. graminearum) phytopathogens through a mechanism of mycoparasitism. Chitinolytic and glucanolytic activity, strongly stimulated by CW of F. culmorum in the DEMTkZ3A0 liquid culture, is most likely responsible for the lysis of hyphae and macroconidia of phytopathogenic Fusarium spp. as well as the release of plant resistance elicitors. In DEMTkZ3A0 inoculated plants, an increase in the activity of the six tested plant resistance markers and a decrease in the concentration of indoleacetic acid (IAA) auxin were noted. IAA and gibberellic acid (GA) but also the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase (ACCD) enzyme regulating ethylene production by plant were synthesized by DEMTkZ3A0 in the liquid culture. IAA synthesis was dependent on tryptophan and negatively correlated with temperature, whereas GA synthesis was positively correlated with the biomass and temperature.
Jolanta Jaroszuk-Ściseł; Renata Tyśkiewicz; Artur Nowak; Ewa Ozimek; Małgorzata Majewska; Agnieszka Hanaka; Katarzyna Tyśkiewicz; Anna Pawlik; Grzegorz Janusz. Phytohormones (Auxin, Gibberellin) and ACC Deaminase In Vitro Synthesized by the Mycoparasitic Trichoderma DEMTkZ3A0 Strain and Changes in the Level of Auxin and Plant Resistance Markers in Wheat Seedlings Inoculated with this Strain Conidia. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2019, 20, 4923 .
AMA StyleJolanta Jaroszuk-Ściseł, Renata Tyśkiewicz, Artur Nowak, Ewa Ozimek, Małgorzata Majewska, Agnieszka Hanaka, Katarzyna Tyśkiewicz, Anna Pawlik, Grzegorz Janusz. Phytohormones (Auxin, Gibberellin) and ACC Deaminase In Vitro Synthesized by the Mycoparasitic Trichoderma DEMTkZ3A0 Strain and Changes in the Level of Auxin and Plant Resistance Markers in Wheat Seedlings Inoculated with this Strain Conidia. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20 (19):4923.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJolanta Jaroszuk-Ściseł; Renata Tyśkiewicz; Artur Nowak; Ewa Ozimek; Małgorzata Majewska; Agnieszka Hanaka; Katarzyna Tyśkiewicz; Anna Pawlik; Grzegorz Janusz. 2019. "Phytohormones (Auxin, Gibberellin) and ACC Deaminase In Vitro Synthesized by the Mycoparasitic Trichoderma DEMTkZ3A0 Strain and Changes in the Level of Auxin and Plant Resistance Markers in Wheat Seedlings Inoculated with this Strain Conidia." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 19: 4923.
The objective of the study was to assess the physiological diversity and metabolic activity of the soil bacterial communities inhabiting Spitsbergen soils in search of bacterial abilities facilitating plant growth promotion. In the soil, the total number of culturable microorganisms, the number of their individual physiological groups (including Siderophore Synthesizing; SSB and Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria; PSB), the dehydrogenase (DH) activity, and the ability to utilize sources of C, N, P (EcoPlate) were analysed. In bacterial isolates, siderophores production, ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate) deaminase (ACCD) activity, IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) synthesis were examined. The isolates were applied to the seeds of Phaseolus coccineus regarding their germination and root length. The results showed differences between copio- and oligotrophic bacteria. A usually high number of SSB was accompanied by the raised number of PSB. A bigger number of SSB was connected with low values of Fe in the soil. High DH activity was assisted by greater number of copio- and oligotrophic bacteria, raised average well color development value, and N and C contents in the soil. Germination index was more alike relative seed germination than relative root growth. IAA concentration and ACCD activity were conversely related. Synthesis of siderophores was matched with ACCD activity and its high level was combined with elevated germination index. In spite of different localization of soil samples, some isolates proved similar traits of activity. Distinct affiliation of isolates and their various localizations were displayed. Among all isolates tested, some possessed one main trait of activity, but most of them had two or more significant features for potential plant growth stimulation. These isolates could be an important source of useful bacteria.
Agnieszka Hanaka; Ewa Ozimek; Małgorzata Majewska; Anna Rysiak; Jolanta Jaroszuk-Ściseł. Physiological Diversity of Spitsbergen Soil Microbial Communities Suggests Their Potential as Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2019, 20, 1207 .
AMA StyleAgnieszka Hanaka, Ewa Ozimek, Małgorzata Majewska, Anna Rysiak, Jolanta Jaroszuk-Ściseł. Physiological Diversity of Spitsbergen Soil Microbial Communities Suggests Their Potential as Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20 (5):1207.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAgnieszka Hanaka; Ewa Ozimek; Małgorzata Majewska; Anna Rysiak; Jolanta Jaroszuk-Ściseł. 2019. "Physiological Diversity of Spitsbergen Soil Microbial Communities Suggests Their Potential as Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 5: 1207.
The aim of this study was to cross correlate data on physico-chemical parameters of soil with rhizosphere microorganisms and plant species in order to gain more knowledge about formation of soil and development of plants in the face of the changing climate on Spitsbergen and relations between them. We investigated physico-chemical parameters of soil samples and the number and biodiversity of microorganisms, bacteria (oligotrophic and copiotrophic), and fungi. Moreover, heavy metal concentrations in 6 species of vascular plants collected in different areas were analysed. The soil samples varied considerably in pH – from acid to alkaline, texture – from sand to loamy sand, and C:N ratio – from very low to high. In the soils, only partial Cd elevation expressed as the geoaccumulation index (Igeo) and the enrichment factor (EF) was detected. In the plants, the most significantly elevated concentrations of heavy metals expressed as Igeo and EF as well as the biological accumulation factor, bioconcentration factor, and translocation factor were detected in Salix polaris, Dryas octopetala, and Draba corymbosa. The high number of bacteria corresponded with an increase in the ecophysiological diversity index and the low colony development index, whereas a reverse relationship was found for fungi. There was no significant impact of the geochemical properties on the total content of heavy metals in soil. The similar position of Cd and Pb in the order of heavy metal accumulation in the soil and plants was confirmed. TF showed that mainly these two metals were transported efficiently from roots to shoots. In the plants, the metals were distributed depending on the life form and their higher levels were detected in the woody perennials, e.g. S. polaris, D. octopetala, D. corymbosa, than in the herbaceous perennials. Very high numbers of culturable microorganisms were determined, regardless of the soil properties and plant species, which indicated that they were involved in the transformation of compounds containing C, N, and P and in the availability of heavy metals. The microorganisms and plants colonizing Spitsbergen soils showed great plasticity and adaptability to low temperatures and elevated Cd content.
Agnieszka Hanaka; Andrzej Plak; Piotr Zagórski; Ewa Ozimek; Anna Rysiak; Małgorzata Majewska; Jolanta Jaroszuk-Ściseł. Relationships between the properties of Spitsbergen soil, number and biodiversity of rhizosphere microorganisms, and heavy metal concentration in selected plant species. Plant and Soil 2018, 436, 49 -69.
AMA StyleAgnieszka Hanaka, Andrzej Plak, Piotr Zagórski, Ewa Ozimek, Anna Rysiak, Małgorzata Majewska, Jolanta Jaroszuk-Ściseł. Relationships between the properties of Spitsbergen soil, number and biodiversity of rhizosphere microorganisms, and heavy metal concentration in selected plant species. Plant and Soil. 2018; 436 (1-2):49-69.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAgnieszka Hanaka; Andrzej Plak; Piotr Zagórski; Ewa Ozimek; Anna Rysiak; Małgorzata Majewska; Jolanta Jaroszuk-Ściseł. 2018. "Relationships between the properties of Spitsbergen soil, number and biodiversity of rhizosphere microorganisms, and heavy metal concentration in selected plant species." Plant and Soil 436, no. 1-2: 49-69.
Festuca ovina was grown hydroponically on the Hoagland medium supplemented with CdCl2 (10 µg Cd ml-1). Next, the plants were transplanted into pots (100 plants in pots) with uncontaminated soil and incubated under controlled conditions for 12 months. Approximately 420 µg Cd were introduced into 200 g of soil via the plant roots, the released cadmium being distributed between fractions with varying stability and extractability. After 2 months, the pool of Cd exchangeable and bound to Fe and Mn oxides was 16% and 75%, respectively. After the end of the pot cultivation, the content of Cd in these fractions had decreased to 5% and 53%, respectively. In contrast, the percentage of Cd defined as organically bound increased from 6% (after 2 months) to 43% (after 12 months). The residual fraction was 2% of the metal present in the soil and was constant during plant cultivation. The results obtained indicate that the Cd stabilization by roots was dependent on time. Additionally, the distribution of Cd among the tested fractions was seen to have changed during the experiment. The amount of Cd bound to soil organic matter increased, lowering the amount of the bioavailable Cd form and Cd fraction bound to the oxide minerals.
Małgorzata Majewska. Mobilization of cadmium from festuca ovina roots and its distribution between operational fractions in soil. Polish Journal of Soil Science 2018, 50, 141 .
AMA StyleMałgorzata Majewska. Mobilization of cadmium from festuca ovina roots and its distribution between operational fractions in soil. Polish Journal of Soil Science. 2018; 50 (2):141.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMałgorzata Majewska. 2018. "Mobilization of cadmium from festuca ovina roots and its distribution between operational fractions in soil." Polish Journal of Soil Science 50, no. 2: 141.
Mobilization of cadmium accumulated in Festuca ovina L. roots and simultaneous immobilization of this metal by soil were studied in three chambers connected into one system containing: (1) roots in an extractant solution, (2) soil in an extractant solution, and (3) extractant solution alone. Six extractants sterilized by filtration were used: 0.1 M NaNO3 (NA), 0.1 mM desferrioxamine B (NA + DFOB) and 1 mM citric acid (NA + CA) in NA, and a water extract of soil (SE) supplemented with the same compounds. SE mobilized 53% of the Cd introduced to the system with roots. The addition of DFOB or CA to SE increased Cd extraction from roots by 17%, while the same compounds introduced to NA did not change mobilization of Cd (60% efficiency). Regardless of the extractant used, mobilization of Cd from roots was about 25% lower when extraction was done in a control system without soil. The metal released from roots was gradually immobilized by the soils loaded into all systems during a 4-day incubation. Sequential extractions of Cd from the soils showed that the metal released from roots with NA was stabilized mainly by soil Mn and Fe oxides, while that released with SE was stabilized by soil organic matter.
Małgorzata Majewska; Jolanta Jaroszuk-Ściseł. Mobilization of cadmium from Festuca ovina roots and its simultaneous immobilization by soil in a root-soil-extractant system (in vitro test). International Journal of Phytoremediation 2017, 19, 701 -708.
AMA StyleMałgorzata Majewska, Jolanta Jaroszuk-Ściseł. Mobilization of cadmium from Festuca ovina roots and its simultaneous immobilization by soil in a root-soil-extractant system (in vitro test). International Journal of Phytoremediation. 2017; 19 (8):701-708.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMałgorzata Majewska; Jolanta Jaroszuk-Ściseł. 2017. "Mobilization of cadmium from Festuca ovina roots and its simultaneous immobilization by soil in a root-soil-extractant system (in vitro test)." International Journal of Phytoremediation 19, no. 8: 701-708.
Małgorzata Majewska; Anna Słomka. Levels of Organic Compounds, Number of Microorganisms and Cadmium Accumulation in Festuca ovina Hydroponic Culture. Polish Journal of Microbiology 2016, 65, 191 -200.
AMA StyleMałgorzata Majewska, Anna Słomka. Levels of Organic Compounds, Number of Microorganisms and Cadmium Accumulation in Festuca ovina Hydroponic Culture. Polish Journal of Microbiology. 2016; 65 (2):191-200.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMałgorzata Majewska; Anna Słomka. 2016. "Levels of Organic Compounds, Number of Microorganisms and Cadmium Accumulation in Festuca ovina Hydroponic Culture." Polish Journal of Microbiology 65, no. 2: 191-200.
Fungal polysaccharides (PSs) are the subject of research in many fields of science and industry. Many properties of PSs have already been confirmed and the list of postulated functions continues to grow. Fungal PSs are classified into different groups according to systematic affinity, structure (linear and branched), sugar composition (homo- and heteropolysaccharides), type of bonds between the monomers (β-(1 → 3), β-(1 → 6), and α-(1 → 3)) and their location in the cell (cell wall PSs, exoPSs, and endoPSs). Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are most frequently studied fungal PSs but their definition, classification, and origin are still not clear and should be explained. Ascomycota and Basidiomycota fungi producing EPS have different ecological positions (saprotrophic and endophytic, pathogenic or symbiotic-mycorrhizae fungi); therefore, EPSs play different biological functions, for example in the protection against environmental stress factors and in interactions with other organisms. EPSs obtained from Ascomycota and Basidiomycota fungal cultures are known for their antioxidant, immunostimulating, antitumor, and antimicrobial properties. The major objective of the presented review article was to provide a detailed description of the state-of-the-art knowledge of the effectiveness of EPS production by filamentous and yeast Ascomycota and Basidiomycota fungi and techniques of derivation of EPSs, their biochemical characteristics, and biological properties allowing comprehensive analysis as well as indication of similarities and differences between these fungal groups. Understanding the role of EPSs in a variety of processes and their application in food or pharmaceutical industries requires improvement of the techniques of their derivation, purification, and characterization. The detailed analyses of data concerning the derivation and application of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota EPSs can facilitate development and trace the direction of application of these EPSs in different branches of industry, agriculture, and medicine.
Monika Osińska-Jaroszuk; Anna Jarosz-Wilkołazka; Jolanta Jaroszuk-Ściseł; Katarzyna Szałapata; Artur Nowak; Magdalena Jaszek; Ewa Ozimek; Małgorzata Majewska. Extracellular polysaccharides from Ascomycota and Basidiomycota: production conditions, biochemical characteristics, and biological properties. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 2015, 31, 1823 -1844.
AMA StyleMonika Osińska-Jaroszuk, Anna Jarosz-Wilkołazka, Jolanta Jaroszuk-Ściseł, Katarzyna Szałapata, Artur Nowak, Magdalena Jaszek, Ewa Ozimek, Małgorzata Majewska. Extracellular polysaccharides from Ascomycota and Basidiomycota: production conditions, biochemical characteristics, and biological properties. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2015; 31 (12):1823-1844.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMonika Osińska-Jaroszuk; Anna Jarosz-Wilkołazka; Jolanta Jaroszuk-Ściseł; Katarzyna Szałapata; Artur Nowak; Magdalena Jaszek; Ewa Ozimek; Małgorzata Majewska. 2015. "Extracellular polysaccharides from Ascomycota and Basidiomycota: production conditions, biochemical characteristics, and biological properties." World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 31, no. 12: 1823-1844.
A complex interaction occurring between various plants and rhizosphere microorganisms governs the physicochemical and biotic characteristics of soils. And hence, the composition and functional properties of agronomic soils are often significantly different from those of bulk soil. Presence of heavy metals in soil resulting from the natural processes or introduced through anthropogenic activities affects growth and activity of plants and microbes. Therefore, the selection of microbial strains resistant to heavy metals and plants capable of accumulating excessive concentration of metals often called hyperaccumulating plants becomes important in remediation technologies. Beneficial soil microorganisms, both free living and symbionts, can stimulate plant growth, ease toxicity, and enhance accumulation of metals in plants. Amendment of soil properties by enrichment with organic matter (biosolid, compost) and cultivation of plant species inoculated with metal-resistant microbes are likely to improve efficiency of phytoremediation and reduce environmental risks associated with heavy metal contamination. This chapter presents plant–microbe interactions and the mechanisms involved in the mobilization, transfer, and stabilization of metals in soil by rhizosphere microbiota.
Ewa Kurek; Małgorzata Majewska. Microbially Mediated Transformations of Heavy Metals in Rhizosphere. Toxicity of Heavy Metals to Legumes and Bioremediation 2012, 129 -146.
AMA StyleEwa Kurek, Małgorzata Majewska. Microbially Mediated Transformations of Heavy Metals in Rhizosphere. Toxicity of Heavy Metals to Legumes and Bioremediation. 2012; ():129-146.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEwa Kurek; Małgorzata Majewska. 2012. "Microbially Mediated Transformations of Heavy Metals in Rhizosphere." Toxicity of Heavy Metals to Legumes and Bioremediation , no. : 129-146.
Małgorzata Majewska; Ewa Kurek. Effect of Cd concentration in growth media on Secale cereale roots and Cd interaction with rhizosphere microorganisms originating from different parts of the grain. European Journal of Soil Biology 2011, 47, 95 -101.
AMA StyleMałgorzata Majewska, Ewa Kurek. Effect of Cd concentration in growth media on Secale cereale roots and Cd interaction with rhizosphere microorganisms originating from different parts of the grain. European Journal of Soil Biology. 2011; 47 (2):95-101.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMałgorzata Majewska; Ewa Kurek. 2011. "Effect of Cd concentration in growth media on Secale cereale roots and Cd interaction with rhizosphere microorganisms originating from different parts of the grain." European Journal of Soil Biology 47, no. 2: 95-101.
A multi-compartment system was used to study the importance of microorganisms for Cd desorption from soil amended with sewage sludge and simultaneous resorption of the mobilized metal by soil constituents. Using this system made it possible to study the participation of microorganisms (Arthrobacter, Trichoderma), montmorillonite, humic acids, and iron oxides in resorption of the released Cd. A filter-sterilized water extract of root-free soil of pH 6.7 (RF) or RF supplemented with glucose (RFG) were used to mobilize Cd from soil at 14 degrees C in 48 h. Cadmium found in those extracts after 48-h incubation was recognized as bioavailable. Changes in pH values and enrichment of soil extracts with organic acids and siderophores resulted from microbial growth. RFG with lower pH and a higher content of ligands mobilized, on average, 40% of Cd introduced with sewage sludge amended soil, whereas RF mobilized only 20% of it. Sequential extractions of Cd at time 0 and Cd remaining in soil showed that RFG had mobilized Cd mostly from the fraction bound with Fe and Mn oxides. Microbial biomass accounted for only up to 3.4% (w/w) of the soil constituents used in the experiments but resorbed 25% of mobilized Cd. The chemical composition of mobilizing soil extracts and the solid-to-mobilizing-extracts volume ratio had a significant effect on the amount of bioavailable Cd. The results of the study suggest that microbial metabolites were involved in Cd mobilization, while the biomass of microorganisms was involved in Cd resorption as a biosorbent.
Małgorzata Majewska; Ewa Kurek; Jerzy Rogalski. Microbially mediated cadmium sorption/desorption processes in soil amended with sewage sludge. Chemosphere 2007, 67, 724 -730.
AMA StyleMałgorzata Majewska, Ewa Kurek, Jerzy Rogalski. Microbially mediated cadmium sorption/desorption processes in soil amended with sewage sludge. Chemosphere. 2007; 67 (4):724-730.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMałgorzata Majewska; Ewa Kurek; Jerzy Rogalski. 2007. "Microbially mediated cadmium sorption/desorption processes in soil amended with sewage sludge." Chemosphere 67, no. 4: 724-730.
The capacity of Trichoderma koningii and Fusarium culmorum mycelia (strains isolated from the rhizosphere of a healthy rye plant) for immobilization of Cd from solution and remobilization of this metal from the mycelia by soil extracts and defined chemical solutions (0.02 M Na-EDTA, 0.1 M NaNO3, 0.1 M CaCl2) were studied. The amounts of Cd immobilized by live mycelia of the two tested fungi were significantly different. However, these differences were not found when the autoclaved mycelia were used in the experiments. The identity of the fungus, the composition of the reaction solution and its pH, as well as the duration of contact with the solution had a significant effect on metal remobilization from live mycelia. The amounts of cadmium released were dependent on a combination of these factors. The amounts of Cd remobilized by 0.1 M NaNO3 and by autoclaved soil extract were nearly in the same range. Filtered soil extract and 0.1 M CaCl2 were much more effective than either 0.1 M NaNO3 or than autoclaved soil extract. Enrichment of the soil extract with spent medium from either of the tested fungi affected Cd remobilization by the soil extract in different way. This finding indicates that fungal extracellural metabolites added together with the spent media were involved in the remobilization processes.
Ewa Kurek; Małgorzata Majewska. In vitro remobilization of Cd immobilized by fungal biomass. Geoderma 2004, 122, 235 -246.
AMA StyleEwa Kurek, Małgorzata Majewska. In vitro remobilization of Cd immobilized by fungal biomass. Geoderma. 2004; 122 (2-4):235-246.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEwa Kurek; Małgorzata Majewska. 2004. "In vitro remobilization of Cd immobilized by fungal biomass." Geoderma 122, no. 2-4: 235-246.
Release of Cd immobilized by soil constituents (clay, humic acids, bacterial cells) in vitro and under soil conditions and its bioavailability to lettuce were studied. The most resistant to extraction with 0.02 M EDTA in vitro as well as under soil conditions was cadmium immobilized by humic acids during decomposition of contaminated plant residues but Cd‐dead cells when 0.1 M NaNO3 was the extractant. Cadmium addition (3 mg kg‐1) to soil and its form were without effect on plant growth and amount of metal accumulated in roots. Tops of plants grown in soil supplemented with Cd‐resting cells contained significantly less metal then other ones.
Ewa Kurek; Małgorzata Majewska. Release of Cd immobilized by soil constituents and its bioavailability. Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry 1998, 67, 237 -249.
AMA StyleEwa Kurek, Małgorzata Majewska. Release of Cd immobilized by soil constituents and its bioavailability. Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry. 1998; 67 (1-2):237-249.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEwa Kurek; Małgorzata Majewska. 1998. "Release of Cd immobilized by soil constituents and its bioavailability." Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry 67, no. 1-2: 237-249.