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Prof. Dr. Agnieszka Hanaka
Department of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland

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Research Keywords & Expertise

0 Photosynthesis
0 Plant Physiology
0 secondary metabolites
0 Metal phytotoxicity
0 Enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants

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secondary metabolites
Photosynthesis
Plant Physiology
Plant response to abiotic and biotic stress factors

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Journal article
Published: 30 April 2021 in International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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Due to global warming, invasive species have spread across the world. We therefore studied the impact of short-term (1 day or 2 days) and longer (7 days) heat stress on photosynthesis and secondary metabolites in Heracleum sosnowskyi, one of the important invasive species in the European Union. H. sosnowskyi leaves exposed to short-term heat stress (35 °C/1 d) showed a decrease in chlorophyll and maximum potential quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) compared to control, 35 °C/2 d, or 30 °C/7 d treatments. In turn, the high level of lipid peroxidation and increased H2O2 accumulation indicated that the 30 °C/7 d stress induced oxidative damage. The contents of xanthotoxin and bergapten were elevated in the 2 d and 7 d treatments, while isopimpinellin was detected only in the heat-stressed plants. Additionally, the levels of free proline and anthocyanins significantly increased in response to high temperature, with a substantially higher increase in the 7 d (30 °C) treatment. The results indicate that the accumulation of proline, anthocyanins, and furanocoumarins, but not of phenolic acids or flavonols, contributes to protection of H. sosnowskyi plants against heat stress. Further studies could focus on the suppression of these metabolites to suppress the spread of this invasive species.

ACS Style

Anna Rysiak; Sławomir Dresler; Agnieszka Hanaka; Barbara Hawrylak-Nowak; Maciej Strzemski; Jozef Kováčik; Ireneusz Sowa; Michał Latalski; Magdalena Wójciak. High Temperature Alters Secondary Metabolites and Photosynthetic Efficiency in Heracleum sosnowskyi. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2021, 22, 4756 .

AMA Style

Anna Rysiak, Sławomir Dresler, Agnieszka Hanaka, Barbara Hawrylak-Nowak, Maciej Strzemski, Jozef Kováčik, Ireneusz Sowa, Michał Latalski, Magdalena Wójciak. High Temperature Alters Secondary Metabolites and Photosynthetic Efficiency in Heracleum sosnowskyi. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22 (9):4756.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anna Rysiak; Sławomir Dresler; Agnieszka Hanaka; Barbara Hawrylak-Nowak; Maciej Strzemski; Jozef Kováčik; Ireneusz Sowa; Michał Latalski; Magdalena Wójciak. 2021. "High Temperature Alters Secondary Metabolites and Photosynthetic Efficiency in Heracleum sosnowskyi." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 9: 4756.

Journal article
Published: 29 March 2021 in Plants
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Inhibitors of human two-pore channels (TPC1 and TPC2), i.e., verapamil, tetrandrine, and NED-19, are promising medicines used in treatment of serious diseases. In the present study, the impact of these substances on action potentials (APs) and vacuolar channel activity was examined in the aquatic characean algae Nitellopsis obtusa and in the terrestrial liverwort Marchantia polymorpha. In both plant species, verapamil (20–300 µM) caused reduction of AP amplitudes, indicating impaired Ca2+ transport. In N. obtusa, it depolarized the AP excitation threshold and resting potential and prolonged AP duration. In isolated vacuoles of M. polymorpha, verapamil caused a reduction of the open probability of slow vacuolar SV/TPC channels but had almost no effect on K+ channels in the tonoplast of N. obtusa. In both species, tetrandrine (20–100 µM) evoked a pleiotropic effect: reduction of resting potential and AP amplitudes and prolongation of AP repolarization phases, especially in M. polymorpha, but it did not alter vacuolar SV/TPC activity. NED-19 (75 µM) caused both specific and unspecific effects on N. obtusa APs. In M. polymorpha, NED-19 increased the duration of repolarization. However, no inhibition of SV/TPC channels was observed in Marchantia vacuoles, but an increase in open probability and channel flickering. The results indicate an effect on Ca2+ -permeable channels governing plant excitation.

ACS Style

Mateusz Koselski; Vilmantas Pupkis; Kenji Hashimoto; Indre Lapeikaite; Agnieszka Hanaka; Piotr Wasko; Egle Plukaite; Kazuyuki Kuchitsu; Vilma Kisnieriene; Kazimierz Trebacz. Impact of Mammalian Two-Pore Channel Inhibitors on Long-Distance Electrical Signals in the Characean Macroalga Nitellopsis obtusa and the Early Terrestrial Liverwort Marchantia polymorpha. Plants 2021, 10, 647 .

AMA Style

Mateusz Koselski, Vilmantas Pupkis, Kenji Hashimoto, Indre Lapeikaite, Agnieszka Hanaka, Piotr Wasko, Egle Plukaite, Kazuyuki Kuchitsu, Vilma Kisnieriene, Kazimierz Trebacz. Impact of Mammalian Two-Pore Channel Inhibitors on Long-Distance Electrical Signals in the Characean Macroalga Nitellopsis obtusa and the Early Terrestrial Liverwort Marchantia polymorpha. Plants. 2021; 10 (4):647.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mateusz Koselski; Vilmantas Pupkis; Kenji Hashimoto; Indre Lapeikaite; Agnieszka Hanaka; Piotr Wasko; Egle Plukaite; Kazuyuki Kuchitsu; Vilma Kisnieriene; Kazimierz Trebacz. 2021. "Impact of Mammalian Two-Pore Channel Inhibitors on Long-Distance Electrical Signals in the Characean Macroalga Nitellopsis obtusa and the Early Terrestrial Liverwort Marchantia polymorpha." Plants 10, no. 4: 647.

Review
Published: 24 December 2020 in Agriculture
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In the most recent scientific reports based on the DNA or RNA-analyses a widespread presence of the filamentous fungi, Mortierella in various environments has been shown. Some strains of this genus belong to the plant growth-promoting fungi (PGPF) and are found in the bulk soil, rhizosphere and plants tissues. These microorganisms are also often found in the extremely hostile environments, responsible for improving access to the bioavailable forms of P and Fe in the soils, the synthesis of phytohormones and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase, and last but not least the protection of agricultural plants from pathogens. Furthermore, earlier reports classified Mortierella spp. as the saprotrophic microorganisms isolated from the forest litter, and nowadays their status as a very valuable decomposers in the agricultural soils was confirmed. The key features like the ability to survive under very unfavorable environmental conditions and the utilization of carbon sources contained in polymers like cellulose, hemicellulose, chitin make these fungi efficient as the agricultural inoculants. The growing interest in the application of Mortierella spp. is mainly due to the potential use of this genus in the increase of the nutrient uptake efficiency, positive effect in crop protection against adverse conditions, and reduction of chemical fertilizers and pesticides applied. Moreover, activities of Mortierella species selected from the wild or cultivated plants influence the soil microbiota and support the performance of the beneficial microorganisms enhancing significantly crop yield.

ACS Style

Ewa Ozimek; Agnieszka Hanaka. Mortierella Species as the Plant Growth-Promoting Fungi Present in the Agricultural Soils. Agriculture 2020, 11, 7 .

AMA Style

Ewa Ozimek, Agnieszka Hanaka. Mortierella Species as the Plant Growth-Promoting Fungi Present in the Agricultural Soils. Agriculture. 2020; 11 (1):7.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ewa Ozimek; Agnieszka Hanaka. 2020. "Mortierella Species as the Plant Growth-Promoting Fungi Present in the Agricultural Soils." Agriculture 11, no. 1: 7.

Review paper
Published: 09 October 2020 in Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics
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The paper focuses on the selected plant lipid issues. Classification, nomenclature, and abundance of fatty acids was discussed. Then, classification, composition, role, and organization of lipids were displayed. The involvement of lipids in xantophyll cycle and glycerolipids synthesis (as the most abundant of all lipid classes) were also discussed. Moreover, in order to better understand the biomembranes remodeling, the model (artificial) membranes, mimicking the naturally occurring membranes are employed and the survey on their composition and application in different kind of research was performed. High level of lipids remodeling in the plant membranes under different environmental conditions, e.g., nutrient deficiency, temperature stress, salinity or drought was proved. The key advantage of lipid research was the conclusion that lipids could serve as the markers of plant physiological condition and the detailed knowledge on lipids chemistry will allow to modify their composition for industrial needs.

ACS Style

Emilia Reszczyńska; Agnieszka Hanaka. Lipids Composition in Plant Membranes. Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics 2020, 78, 401 -414.

AMA Style

Emilia Reszczyńska, Agnieszka Hanaka. Lipids Composition in Plant Membranes. Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics. 2020; 78 (4):401-414.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Emilia Reszczyńska; Agnieszka Hanaka. 2020. "Lipids Composition in Plant Membranes." Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics 78, no. 4: 401-414.

Journal article
Published: 17 November 2019 in Plants
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Silver is one of the most toxic heavy metals for plants, inducing various toxic symptoms and metabolic changes. Here, the impact of Ag(I) on Carlina acaulis physiology and selected metabolites was studied using two Ag concentrations (1 or 10 µM) after 14 days of exposure. The higher concentration of Ag(I) evoked reduction of growth, while 1 µM Ag had a growth-promoting effect on root biomass. The translocation factor (

ACS Style

Sławomir Dresler; Barbara Hawrylak-Nowak; Maciej Strzemski; Magdalena Wójciak-Kosior; Ireneusz Sowa; Agnieszka Hanaka; Iwona Gołoś; Agnieszka Skalska-Kamińska; Małgorzata Cieślak; Jozef Kováčik. Metabolic Changes Induced by Silver Ions in Carlina acaulis. Plants 2019, 8, 517 .

AMA Style

Sławomir Dresler, Barbara Hawrylak-Nowak, Maciej Strzemski, Magdalena Wójciak-Kosior, Ireneusz Sowa, Agnieszka Hanaka, Iwona Gołoś, Agnieszka Skalska-Kamińska, Małgorzata Cieślak, Jozef Kováčik. Metabolic Changes Induced by Silver Ions in Carlina acaulis. Plants. 2019; 8 (11):517.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sławomir Dresler; Barbara Hawrylak-Nowak; Maciej Strzemski; Magdalena Wójciak-Kosior; Ireneusz Sowa; Agnieszka Hanaka; Iwona Gołoś; Agnieszka Skalska-Kamińska; Małgorzata Cieślak; Jozef Kováčik. 2019. "Metabolic Changes Induced by Silver Ions in Carlina acaulis." Plants 8, no. 11: 517.

Journal article
Published: 23 October 2019 in Molecules
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The impact of long-term exposure to Sr2+ (LTE, four doses, 43.5 mg Sr2+ per pot, with a total of 174 mg Sr2+ per pot during the entire period of cultivation) and short-term exposure to Sr2+ (STE, one dose, 870 mg Sr2+ per pot four days before harvest) on the content of phytoestrogens and allantoin in soybeans were compared. Sr2+ accumulation, the effect on the concentration of macroelements, and basic physiology were also analyzed. LTE reduced the content of malonyldaidzin and malonylgenistin in the roots (58% and 50% compared to the control, respectively). STE increased the amount of all isoflavones in the stem and genistein in the leaves and decreased the content of malonyldaidzin and malonylgenistin in the leaves (55% and 48% compared to the control, respectively) and roots (69% and 62% of the control, respectively) as well as genistein and coumestrol in the roots (both 50% compared to the control). Sr2+ presence stimulated the accumulation of allantoin in the roots (three-fold higher than in the control), but only STE had similar effects on the shoots. In contrast to LTE, Sr2+ was transported extensively from the roots to the leaves under STE. In comparison to the control, LTE resulted in an increase in the Ca content in the stem by 36%, whereas Ca2+ accumulation in the leaves, stems, and roots increased by 60%, 80%, and 36%, respectively, under STE. Additionally, a significant accumulation of K was found only in the roots of the LTE group. The chlorophyll content did not differ between the treatments. Overall, the production of phytoestrogens and Sr accumulation were affected by both the applied dose and the duration of exposure to Sr.

ACS Style

Agnieszka Hanaka; Sławomir Dresler; Magdalena Wójciak-Kosior; Maciej Strzemski; Jozef Kováčik; Michał Latalski; Grażyna Zawiślak; Ireneusz Sowa. The Impact of Long-and Short-Term Strontium Treatment on Metabolites and Minerals in Glycine max. Molecules 2019, 24, 3825 .

AMA Style

Agnieszka Hanaka, Sławomir Dresler, Magdalena Wójciak-Kosior, Maciej Strzemski, Jozef Kováčik, Michał Latalski, Grażyna Zawiślak, Ireneusz Sowa. The Impact of Long-and Short-Term Strontium Treatment on Metabolites and Minerals in Glycine max. Molecules. 2019; 24 (21):3825.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Agnieszka Hanaka; Sławomir Dresler; Magdalena Wójciak-Kosior; Maciej Strzemski; Jozef Kováčik; Michał Latalski; Grażyna Zawiślak; Ireneusz Sowa. 2019. "The Impact of Long-and Short-Term Strontium Treatment on Metabolites and Minerals in Glycine max." Molecules 24, no. 21: 3825.

Journal article
Published: 04 October 2019 in International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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Both hormonal balance and plant growth may be shaped by microorganisms synthesizing phytohormones, regulating its synthesis in the plant and inducing plant resistance by releasing elicitors from cell walls (CW) by degrading enzymes (CWDE). It was shown that the Trichoderma DEMTkZ3A0 strain, isolated from a healthy rye rhizosphere, colonized the rhizoplane of wheat seedlings and root border cells (RBC) and caused approximately 40% increase of stem weight. The strain inhibited (in over 90%) the growth of polyphagous Fusarium spp. (F. culmorum, F. oxysporum, F. graminearum) phytopathogens through a mechanism of mycoparasitism. Chitinolytic and glucanolytic activity, strongly stimulated by CW of F. culmorum in the DEMTkZ3A0 liquid culture, is most likely responsible for the lysis of hyphae and macroconidia of phytopathogenic Fusarium spp. as well as the release of plant resistance elicitors. In DEMTkZ3A0 inoculated plants, an increase in the activity of the six tested plant resistance markers and a decrease in the concentration of indoleacetic acid (IAA) auxin were noted. IAA and gibberellic acid (GA) but also the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase (ACCD) enzyme regulating ethylene production by plant were synthesized by DEMTkZ3A0 in the liquid culture. IAA synthesis was dependent on tryptophan and negatively correlated with temperature, whereas GA synthesis was positively correlated with the biomass and temperature.

ACS Style

Jolanta Jaroszuk-Ściseł; Renata Tyśkiewicz; Artur Nowak; Ewa Ozimek; Małgorzata Majewska; Agnieszka Hanaka; Katarzyna Tyśkiewicz; Anna Pawlik; Grzegorz Janusz. Phytohormones (Auxin, Gibberellin) and ACC Deaminase In Vitro Synthesized by the Mycoparasitic Trichoderma DEMTkZ3A0 Strain and Changes in the Level of Auxin and Plant Resistance Markers in Wheat Seedlings Inoculated with this Strain Conidia. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2019, 20, 4923 .

AMA Style

Jolanta Jaroszuk-Ściseł, Renata Tyśkiewicz, Artur Nowak, Ewa Ozimek, Małgorzata Majewska, Agnieszka Hanaka, Katarzyna Tyśkiewicz, Anna Pawlik, Grzegorz Janusz. Phytohormones (Auxin, Gibberellin) and ACC Deaminase In Vitro Synthesized by the Mycoparasitic Trichoderma DEMTkZ3A0 Strain and Changes in the Level of Auxin and Plant Resistance Markers in Wheat Seedlings Inoculated with this Strain Conidia. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20 (19):4923.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jolanta Jaroszuk-Ściseł; Renata Tyśkiewicz; Artur Nowak; Ewa Ozimek; Małgorzata Majewska; Agnieszka Hanaka; Katarzyna Tyśkiewicz; Anna Pawlik; Grzegorz Janusz. 2019. "Phytohormones (Auxin, Gibberellin) and ACC Deaminase In Vitro Synthesized by the Mycoparasitic Trichoderma DEMTkZ3A0 Strain and Changes in the Level of Auxin and Plant Resistance Markers in Wheat Seedlings Inoculated with this Strain Conidia." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 19: 4923.

Journal article
Published: 18 April 2019 in Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus
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Methyl jasmonate (MJ) is a widely occurring molecule. Since it is synthesized constitutively, its presence is substantial to plant normal growth and development. Moreover, its elevated concentration detected under abiotic and biotic stress conditions seems to be crucial to plant in reacting to adverse events and its ability to survive. Because of the sophisticated biochemical machinery inside the plant body, MJ, among other molecules, helps the plant to adopt to the surrounding environmental changes and is involved in its defense system.

ACS Style

Agnieszka Hanaka; Renata Nurzyńska-Wierdak. METHYL JASMONATE – A MULTIFUNCTIONAL MOLECULE THROUGHOUT THE WHOLE PLANT LIFE. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus 2019, 18, 1 .

AMA Style

Agnieszka Hanaka, Renata Nurzyńska-Wierdak. METHYL JASMONATE – A MULTIFUNCTIONAL MOLECULE THROUGHOUT THE WHOLE PLANT LIFE. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus. 2019; 18 (2):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Agnieszka Hanaka; Renata Nurzyńska-Wierdak. 2019. "METHYL JASMONATE – A MULTIFUNCTIONAL MOLECULE THROUGHOUT THE WHOLE PLANT LIFE." Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus 18, no. 2: 1.

Journal article
Published: 17 April 2019 in International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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The aim of the study was to demonstrate the potential of the promotion and regulation of plant physiology and growth under control and copper stress conditions, and the impact of the exogenous application of methyl jasmonate on this potential. Runner bean plants were treated with methyl jasmonate (1 or 10 µM) (J; J1 or J10) and Cu (50 µM), and inoculated with a bacterial isolate (S17) originating from Spitsbergen soil, and identified as Pseudomonas luteola using the analytical profile index (API) test. Above- and under-ground plant parts were analyzed. The growth parameters; the concentration of the photosynthetic pigments, elements, flavonoids (FLAVO), phenolics (TPC), allantoin (ALLA), and low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOAs); the activity of antioxidant enzymes and enzymes of resistance induction pathways (e.g., superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate (APX) and guaiacol (GPX) peroxidase, glucanase (GLU), and phenylalanine (PAL) and tyrosine ammonia-lyase (TAL)), and the antioxidant capacity (AC) were studied. The leaves exhibited substantially higher ALLA and LMWOA concentrations as well as PAL and TAL activities, whereas the roots mostly had higher activities for a majority of the enzymes tested (i.e., SOD, CAT, APX, GPX, and GLU). The inoculation with S17 mitigated the effect of the Cu stress. Under the Cu stress and in the presence of J10, isolate S17 caused an elevation of the shoot fresh weight, K concentration, and TAL activity in the leaves, and APX and GPX (also at J1) activities in the roots. In the absence of Cu, isolate S17 increased the root length and the shoot-to-root ratio, but without statistical significance. In these conditions, S17 contributed to a 236% and 34% enhancement of P and Mn, respectively, in the roots, and a 19% rise of N in the leaves. Under the Cu stress, S17 caused a significant increase in FLAVO and TPC in the leaves. Similarly, the levels of FLAVO, TPC, and AC were enhanced after inoculation with Cu and J1. Regardless of the presence of J, inoculation at Cu excess caused a reduction of SOD and CAT activities, and an elevation of GPX. The effects of inoculation were associated with the application of Cu and J, which modified plant response mainly in a concentration-dependent manner (e.g., PAL, TAL, and LMWOA levels). The conducted studies demonstrated the potential for isolate S17 in the promotion of plant growth.

ACS Style

Agnieszka Hanaka; Artur Nowak; Andrzej Plak; Sławomir Dresler; Ewa Ozimek; Jolanta Jaroszuk-Ściseł; Magdalena Wójciak-Kosior; Ireneusz Sowa. Bacterial Isolate Inhabiting Spitsbergen Soil Modifies the Physiological Response of Phaseolus coccineus in Control Conditions and under Exogenous Application of Methyl Jasmonate and Copper Excess. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2019, 20, 1909 .

AMA Style

Agnieszka Hanaka, Artur Nowak, Andrzej Plak, Sławomir Dresler, Ewa Ozimek, Jolanta Jaroszuk-Ściseł, Magdalena Wójciak-Kosior, Ireneusz Sowa. Bacterial Isolate Inhabiting Spitsbergen Soil Modifies the Physiological Response of Phaseolus coccineus in Control Conditions and under Exogenous Application of Methyl Jasmonate and Copper Excess. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20 (8):1909.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Agnieszka Hanaka; Artur Nowak; Andrzej Plak; Sławomir Dresler; Ewa Ozimek; Jolanta Jaroszuk-Ściseł; Magdalena Wójciak-Kosior; Ireneusz Sowa. 2019. "Bacterial Isolate Inhabiting Spitsbergen Soil Modifies the Physiological Response of Phaseolus coccineus in Control Conditions and under Exogenous Application of Methyl Jasmonate and Copper Excess." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 8: 1909.

Journal article
Published: 09 March 2019 in International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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The objective of the study was to assess the physiological diversity and metabolic activity of the soil bacterial communities inhabiting Spitsbergen soils in search of bacterial abilities facilitating plant growth promotion. In the soil, the total number of culturable microorganisms, the number of their individual physiological groups (including Siderophore Synthesizing; SSB and Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria; PSB), the dehydrogenase (DH) activity, and the ability to utilize sources of C, N, P (EcoPlate) were analysed. In bacterial isolates, siderophores production, ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate) deaminase (ACCD) activity, IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) synthesis were examined. The isolates were applied to the seeds of Phaseolus coccineus regarding their germination and root length. The results showed differences between copio- and oligotrophic bacteria. A usually high number of SSB was accompanied by the raised number of PSB. A bigger number of SSB was connected with low values of Fe in the soil. High DH activity was assisted by greater number of copio- and oligotrophic bacteria, raised average well color development value, and N and C contents in the soil. Germination index was more alike relative seed germination than relative root growth. IAA concentration and ACCD activity were conversely related. Synthesis of siderophores was matched with ACCD activity and its high level was combined with elevated germination index. In spite of different localization of soil samples, some isolates proved similar traits of activity. Distinct affiliation of isolates and their various localizations were displayed. Among all isolates tested, some possessed one main trait of activity, but most of them had two or more significant features for potential plant growth stimulation. These isolates could be an important source of useful bacteria.

ACS Style

Agnieszka Hanaka; Ewa Ozimek; Małgorzata Majewska; Anna Rysiak; Jolanta Jaroszuk-Ściseł. Physiological Diversity of Spitsbergen Soil Microbial Communities Suggests Their Potential as Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2019, 20, 1207 .

AMA Style

Agnieszka Hanaka, Ewa Ozimek, Małgorzata Majewska, Anna Rysiak, Jolanta Jaroszuk-Ściseł. Physiological Diversity of Spitsbergen Soil Microbial Communities Suggests Their Potential as Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20 (5):1207.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Agnieszka Hanaka; Ewa Ozimek; Małgorzata Majewska; Anna Rysiak; Jolanta Jaroszuk-Ściseł. 2019. "Physiological Diversity of Spitsbergen Soil Microbial Communities Suggests Their Potential as Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 5: 1207.

Regular article
Published: 19 December 2018 in Plant and Soil
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The aim of this study was to cross correlate data on physico-chemical parameters of soil with rhizosphere microorganisms and plant species in order to gain more knowledge about formation of soil and development of plants in the face of the changing climate on Spitsbergen and relations between them. We investigated physico-chemical parameters of soil samples and the number and biodiversity of microorganisms, bacteria (oligotrophic and copiotrophic), and fungi. Moreover, heavy metal concentrations in 6 species of vascular plants collected in different areas were analysed. The soil samples varied considerably in pH – from acid to alkaline, texture – from sand to loamy sand, and C:N ratio – from very low to high. In the soils, only partial Cd elevation expressed as the geoaccumulation index (Igeo) and the enrichment factor (EF) was detected. In the plants, the most significantly elevated concentrations of heavy metals expressed as Igeo and EF as well as the biological accumulation factor, bioconcentration factor, and translocation factor were detected in Salix polaris, Dryas octopetala, and Draba corymbosa. The high number of bacteria corresponded with an increase in the ecophysiological diversity index and the low colony development index, whereas a reverse relationship was found for fungi. There was no significant impact of the geochemical properties on the total content of heavy metals in soil. The similar position of Cd and Pb in the order of heavy metal accumulation in the soil and plants was confirmed. TF showed that mainly these two metals were transported efficiently from roots to shoots. In the plants, the metals were distributed depending on the life form and their higher levels were detected in the woody perennials, e.g. S. polaris, D. octopetala, D. corymbosa, than in the herbaceous perennials. Very high numbers of culturable microorganisms were determined, regardless of the soil properties and plant species, which indicated that they were involved in the transformation of compounds containing C, N, and P and in the availability of heavy metals. The microorganisms and plants colonizing Spitsbergen soils showed great plasticity and adaptability to low temperatures and elevated Cd content.

ACS Style

Agnieszka Hanaka; Andrzej Plak; Piotr Zagórski; Ewa Ozimek; Anna Rysiak; Małgorzata Majewska; Jolanta Jaroszuk-Ściseł. Relationships between the properties of Spitsbergen soil, number and biodiversity of rhizosphere microorganisms, and heavy metal concentration in selected plant species. Plant and Soil 2018, 436, 49 -69.

AMA Style

Agnieszka Hanaka, Andrzej Plak, Piotr Zagórski, Ewa Ozimek, Anna Rysiak, Małgorzata Majewska, Jolanta Jaroszuk-Ściseł. Relationships between the properties of Spitsbergen soil, number and biodiversity of rhizosphere microorganisms, and heavy metal concentration in selected plant species. Plant and Soil. 2018; 436 (1-2):49-69.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Agnieszka Hanaka; Andrzej Plak; Piotr Zagórski; Ewa Ozimek; Anna Rysiak; Małgorzata Majewska; Jolanta Jaroszuk-Ściseł. 2018. "Relationships between the properties of Spitsbergen soil, number and biodiversity of rhizosphere microorganisms, and heavy metal concentration in selected plant species." Plant and Soil 436, no. 1-2: 49-69.

Journal article
Published: 04 December 2018 in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
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Concentration-dependent responses of cucumber plants to cadmium (Cd, 5–15 µM) and/or allantoin (Alla, 10–1000 µM) have been investigated to detect a possible protective role of Alla under Cd excess. After 14 days of exposure, Alla often considerably reversed Cd-induced inhibition of growth and reduction of the content of photosynthetic pigments. Higher Alla doses depleted the Cd amount in shoots, which could be related to citric acid (increase in the shoots but depletion in the roots in Cd+Alla treatments) rather than to phytochelatins (Alla had a negative impact on the phytochelatin accumulation). An increase in the Alla concentration suppressed Cd-induced spatial H2O2 appearance, which does not seem to be related to antioxidative enzymes (low impact of Alla on catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and guaiacol peroxidase). On the contrary, shoot glutathione and mainly ascorbic acid accumulation strongly increased in Cd+Alla treatments, indicating their prominent role in Alla-induced amelioration of Cd-stimulated oxidative stress and growth retardation. Similarly, phenolic metabolites (total soluble phenols and flavonols) were slightly influenced by Alla and their antioxidative action was not expected. We conclude that Alla-mediated attenuation of Cd-induced toxicity relies on enhanced accumulation of glutathione and ascorbate in the shoot tissue mainly, rather than on elevated antioxidative enzyme activities.

ACS Style

Sławomir Dresler; Barbara Hawrylak-Nowak; Jozef Kovacik; Martyna Pochwatka; Agnieszka Hanaka; Maciej Strzemski; Ireneusz Sowa; Magdalena Wójciak-Kosior. Allantoin attenuates cadmium-induced toxicity in cucumber plants. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2018, 170, 120 -126.

AMA Style

Sławomir Dresler, Barbara Hawrylak-Nowak, Jozef Kovacik, Martyna Pochwatka, Agnieszka Hanaka, Maciej Strzemski, Ireneusz Sowa, Magdalena Wójciak-Kosior. Allantoin attenuates cadmium-induced toxicity in cucumber plants. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2018; 170 ():120-126.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sławomir Dresler; Barbara Hawrylak-Nowak; Jozef Kovacik; Martyna Pochwatka; Agnieszka Hanaka; Maciej Strzemski; Ireneusz Sowa; Magdalena Wójciak-Kosior. 2018. "Allantoin attenuates cadmium-induced toxicity in cucumber plants." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 170, no. : 120-126.

Journal article
Published: 18 October 2018 in International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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The endogenous pool of phytoregulators in plant tissues supplied with microbial secondary metabolites may be crucial for the development of winter wheat seedlings during cool springs. The phytohormones may be synthesized by psychrotrophic microorganisms in lower temperatures occurring in a temperate climate. Two fungal isolates from the Spitzbergen soils after the microscopic observations and “the internal transcribed spacer” (ITS) region molecular characterization were identified as Mortierella antarctica (MA DEM7) and Mortierella verticillata (MV DEM32). In order to study the synthesis of indoleacetic acid (IAA) and gibberellic acid (GA), Mortierella strains were grown on media supplemented with precursor of phytohormones tryptophan at 9, 15 °C, and 20 °C for nine days. The highest amount of IAA synthesis was identified in MV DEM32 nine-day-culture at 15 °C with 1.5 mM of tryptophan. At the same temperature (15 °C), the significant promoting effect (about 40% root and shoot fresh weight) of this strain on seedlings was observed. However, only MA DEM-7 had the ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate) deaminase activity with the highest efficiency at 9 °C and synthesized IAA without tryptophan. Moreover, at the same conditions, the strain was confirmed to possess the strong promoting effect (about 40% root and 24% shoot fresh weight) on seedlings. Both strains synthesized GA in all tested terms and temperatures. The studied Mortierella strains had some important traits that led them to be considered as microbial biofertilizers components, improving plant growth in difficult temperate climates.

ACS Style

Ewa Ozimek; Jolanta Jaroszuk-Ściseł; Justyna Bohacz; Teresa Korniłłowicz-Kowalska; Renata Tyśkiewicz; Anna Słomka; Artur Nowak; Agnieszka Hanaka. Synthesis of Indoleacetic Acid, Gibberellic Acid and ACC-Deaminase by Mortierella Strains Promote Winter Wheat Seedlings Growth under Different Conditions. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2018, 19, 3218 .

AMA Style

Ewa Ozimek, Jolanta Jaroszuk-Ściseł, Justyna Bohacz, Teresa Korniłłowicz-Kowalska, Renata Tyśkiewicz, Anna Słomka, Artur Nowak, Agnieszka Hanaka. Synthesis of Indoleacetic Acid, Gibberellic Acid and ACC-Deaminase by Mortierella Strains Promote Winter Wheat Seedlings Growth under Different Conditions. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018; 19 (10):3218.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ewa Ozimek; Jolanta Jaroszuk-Ściseł; Justyna Bohacz; Teresa Korniłłowicz-Kowalska; Renata Tyśkiewicz; Anna Słomka; Artur Nowak; Agnieszka Hanaka. 2018. "Synthesis of Indoleacetic Acid, Gibberellic Acid and ACC-Deaminase by Mortierella Strains Promote Winter Wheat Seedlings Growth under Different Conditions." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 10: 3218.

Short communication
Published: 25 October 2017 in Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants
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The activities of antioxidative enzymes, i.e. superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), in the leaves and roots of Zea mays L. plants exposed to abiotic (methyl jasmonate, MJ, or/and copper, Cu) and biotic (Trigonotylus caelestialium) factors were examined. The contribution of MJ as a signal molecule in the defense mechanism against abiotic and biotic stresses was studied. All plants were cultivated hydroponically and divided into three groups: not treated by abiotic factors (control), treated by MJ only (MJ) and by MJ and Cu (MJ + Cu) and in each group half of the plants were exposed to T. caelestialium attack. The enzymatic activities of SOD, CAT, APX, and GPX in the leaves were higher in the insect-treated than non-insect-treated control plants, but lower in both MJ + Cu- or MJ- and insect-treated plants. In the roots, the enzyme activities were elevated in all insect-treated plants with the highest rise in MJ + Cu, in comparison with the MJ-treated plants. The results showed that MJ and MJ + Cu were efficient in reducing the activity of the antioxidative enzymes in the leaves under the insect influence by elevating enzyme activity in the roots.

ACS Style

Agnieszka Hanaka; Lech Lechowski; Magdalena Mroczek-Zdyrska; Joanna Strubińska. Oxidative enzymes activity during abiotic and biotic stresses in Zea mays leaves and roots exposed to Cu, methyl jasmonate and Trigonotylus caelestialium. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants 2017, 24, 1 -5.

AMA Style

Agnieszka Hanaka, Lech Lechowski, Magdalena Mroczek-Zdyrska, Joanna Strubińska. Oxidative enzymes activity during abiotic and biotic stresses in Zea mays leaves and roots exposed to Cu, methyl jasmonate and Trigonotylus caelestialium. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants. 2017; 24 (1):1-5.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Agnieszka Hanaka; Lech Lechowski; Magdalena Mroczek-Zdyrska; Joanna Strubińska. 2017. "Oxidative enzymes activity during abiotic and biotic stresses in Zea mays leaves and roots exposed to Cu, methyl jasmonate and Trigonotylus caelestialium." Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants 24, no. 1: 1-5.

Research article
Published: 16 December 2016 in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
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Soil sealing belongs to the most destructive and damaging processes to the soil environment. Soil sealing interrupts or greatly restricts the exchange of matter and energy between the biosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere and the soil environment. The aim of this study was to compare the content of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Fe, Ni, Pb, Zn) of Ekranic Technosols by applying indicators such as geoaccumulation index (I geo), enrichment factor (EF), and pollution load index (PLI), which allowed to determine quantitatively the impact of the soil sealing degree on the content of heavy metals and to distinguish natural from anthropogenic sources of origin of heavy metals. In general, 42 soils from different parts of the city of Toruń (NW Poland) were sampled and divided into three groups according to the degree of soil sealing: completely sealed with asphalt or concrete (A), semi-permeable (partially sealed with cobblestones and concrete paving slabs (B)), and reference (non-sealed) (C). The results indicate that the artificial sealing in urban areas slightly affects the content of heavy metals in soils. However, based on PLI, I geo, and EF, it was found that the sealing has influence on soil properties and unsealed soil is the most exposed to the accumulation of pollutants.

ACS Style

Przemyslaw Charzynski; Andrzej Plak; Agnieszka Hanaka. Influence of the soil sealing on the geoaccumulation index of heavy metals and various pollution factors. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2016, 24, 4801 -4811.

AMA Style

Przemyslaw Charzynski, Andrzej Plak, Agnieszka Hanaka. Influence of the soil sealing on the geoaccumulation index of heavy metals and various pollution factors. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2016; 24 (5):4801-4811.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Przemyslaw Charzynski; Andrzej Plak; Agnieszka Hanaka. 2016. "Influence of the soil sealing on the geoaccumulation index of heavy metals and various pollution factors." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 24, no. 5: 4801-4811.

Article
Published: 15 September 2016 in Journal of Plant Growth Regulation
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The goal of the study was to investigate the effects of exogenous selenium (Se) on the tolerance of faba bean plants to lead (Pb) stress under P-deficient conditions. The bean plants were grown for 2 weeks on Hoagland solution supplied with Pb (0, 50 μM) and Se (0, 1.5, or 6 μM), separately or simultaneously. It was shown that Pb did not affect shoot growth but caused major damage in the leaves, which was accompanied by Pb accumulation in these tissues. The exposure of the shoots to Pb led to significant changes in the biochemical parameters: the MDA content, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), guaiacol peroxidase (GPOX), and catalase (CAT) activity increased. Furthermore, Pb intensified O2•− and H2O2 production. Both the Se concentrations used increased the chlorophyll b, chlorophyll a+b, and carotenoid content in the faba bean plants. Selenite also generally enhanced CAT, GPOX, and GSH-Px activities and the T-SH level. Our results imply that the degree of disturbances caused by Pb could be partially ameliorated by Se supplementation. Selenite at a lower dose alleviated Pb toxicity by decreased H2O2 and O2•− production and decreased the GSH-Px, GPOX, and CAT activities. The beneficial effect of the higher selenite concentration could be related to reduction of lipid peroxidation in the shoots of the Pb-treated plants. However, the effect of Se on the Pb-stressed plants greatly depended on the selenite dose in the nutrient solution.

ACS Style

Magdalena Mroczek-Zdyrska; Joanna Strubińska; Agnieszka Hanaka. Selenium Improves Physiological Parameters and Alleviates Oxidative Stress in Shoots of Lead-Exposed Vicia faba L. minor Plants Grown Under Phosphorus-Deficient Conditions. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 2016, 36, 186 -199.

AMA Style

Magdalena Mroczek-Zdyrska, Joanna Strubińska, Agnieszka Hanaka. Selenium Improves Physiological Parameters and Alleviates Oxidative Stress in Shoots of Lead-Exposed Vicia faba L. minor Plants Grown Under Phosphorus-Deficient Conditions. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation. 2016; 36 (1):186-199.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Magdalena Mroczek-Zdyrska; Joanna Strubińska; Agnieszka Hanaka. 2016. "Selenium Improves Physiological Parameters and Alleviates Oxidative Stress in Shoots of Lead-Exposed Vicia faba L. minor Plants Grown Under Phosphorus-Deficient Conditions." Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 36, no. 1: 186-199.

Journal article
Published: 28 November 2015 in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
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The contribution of methyl jasmonate (MJ) as a signal molecule able to take part in the defense mechanism against copper (Cu)-imposed oxidative stress was studied in the leaves and roots of runner bean (Phaseolus coccineus) plants. Roots of plants cultivated hydroponically were preincubated in MJ (10 µM) for 1 h or 24 h and subsequently exposed to Cu (50 µM) for 5 h (short-term experiment) or 5 days (long-term experiment). Enzymatic (activity of superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; ascorbate peroxidase, APX; guaiacol peroxidase, POX) and non-enzymatic (accumulation of malondialdehyde, MDA; homoglutathione, hGSH; proline; anthocyanins; low molecular weight organic acids, LMWOAs) responses were determined in the leaves and roots. The antioxidative defense mechanism was significantly activated after Cu supplementation. In most cases, activities of ROS (reactive oxygen species) scavenging enzymes like SOD, CAT, APX, POX, as well as MDA, hGSH and proline concentrations increased following Cu exposure. MJ showed a time-dependent effect on antioxidative enzymes activity. In the short-term experiment, MJ elevated CAT, APX and POX activities in the roots, and POX activity in the leaves of non-Cu-treated plants. In the long-term experiment, MJ not only decreased POX and partially CAT activity in the roots, but also increased the MDA level and partially CAT activity in the leaves of the control plants. In Cu-treated plants, MJ reduced APX, but elevated POX activity in the leaves after 5-h exposure. After 5-day-Cu treatment, MJ inhibited POX activity in the leaves and mainly reduced SOD and CAT activities in the roots. Moreover, in the long-term experiment, MJ reduced tartrate and pyruvate in the leaves of Cu-stressed plants, but mostly elevated tartrate and malate in the roots comparing with Cu alone treatment. MJ alone and under Cu excess did not alter accumulation of MDA, hGSH and proline comparing with Cu alone, but partially elevated anthocyanin concentration. The results indicated that MJ was both partially potent in modifying the antioxidative enzymes activity and metabolites accumulation in non-stress and Cu-stress conditions.

ACS Style

Agnieszka Hanaka; Małgorzata Wójcik; Sławomir Dresler; Magdalena Mroczek-Zdyrska; Waldemar Maksymiec. Does methyl jasmonate modify the oxidative stress response in Phaseolus coccineus treated with Cu? Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2015, 124, 480 -488.

AMA Style

Agnieszka Hanaka, Małgorzata Wójcik, Sławomir Dresler, Magdalena Mroczek-Zdyrska, Waldemar Maksymiec. Does methyl jasmonate modify the oxidative stress response in Phaseolus coccineus treated with Cu? Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2015; 124 ():480-488.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Agnieszka Hanaka; Małgorzata Wójcik; Sławomir Dresler; Magdalena Mroczek-Zdyrska; Waldemar Maksymiec. 2015. "Does methyl jasmonate modify the oxidative stress response in Phaseolus coccineus treated with Cu?" Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 124, no. : 480-488.

Journal article
Published: 04 March 2015 in Plant Growth Regulation
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Phaseolus coccineus plants in the early growth stage were preincubated with 10−5 M methyl jasmonate (MJ) for 1 or 24 h and subsequently transferred to a Hoagland solution or treated with 50 or 100 μM copper (Cu). After 6-day exposure to the metal, plant growth, relative water content, electrolyte leakage, the content of Cu and photosynthetic pigments, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were assayed. Generally, under Cu excess, MJ did not modulate growth parameters such as leaf area, root growth, shoot and root fresh weight, and the shoot/root fresh weight ratio. The content of chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoids increased with the increasing Cu content in the leaves. However, a correlation between the reduction of the leaf area and the lower content of the three photosynthetic pigments for 24-h MJ + 100-µM Cu treatment compared with metal alone was noted. The decrease in the Cu concentration was MJ-dependent only after 1-h MJ + 50-µM Cu treatment in leaves and after 24-h MJ + 100-µM Cu treatment in roots. Chlorophyll fluorescence was a weak indicator of the effect induced by MJ in Cu excess, and the most spectacular increase was observed for 1-h and 24-h MJ + 50 µM Cu in the LNU and for 1-h MJ + 50 µM Cu in the NPQ parameter. These results suggested a lack of a clear pattern for MJ altering the Cu stress in the runner bean plants. The most important finding was that photosynthesis seemed to be quite resistant to Cu stress and slight modifications in chlorophyll fluorescence were accompanied by significant changes in growth parameters, photosynthetic pigment content, and metal content in the plant. The results obtained may have been strongly related to the plant growth stage, as the measured parameters transform greatly during plant growth and development.

ACS Style

Agnieszka Hanaka; Waldemar Maksymiec; Wiesław Bednarek. The effect of methyl jasmonate on selected physiological parameters of copper-treated Phaseolus coccineus plants. Plant Growth Regulation 2015, 77, 167 -177.

AMA Style

Agnieszka Hanaka, Waldemar Maksymiec, Wiesław Bednarek. The effect of methyl jasmonate on selected physiological parameters of copper-treated Phaseolus coccineus plants. Plant Growth Regulation. 2015; 77 (2):167-177.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Agnieszka Hanaka; Waldemar Maksymiec; Wiesław Bednarek. 2015. "The effect of methyl jasmonate on selected physiological parameters of copper-treated Phaseolus coccineus plants." Plant Growth Regulation 77, no. 2: 167-177.

Journal article
Published: 04 January 2015 in Russian Journal of Plant Physiology
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The effects of silicon (Si) supply (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.5, 3.0, and 5.0 mM Si) on maize seedling growth, Si and Cd accumulation, and thiol peptide synthesis under Cd stress conditions were studied. The addition of Si to the growth medium resulted in the significantly higher Si accumulation in plant tissues. The average values of growth parameters (root and shoot fresh weights and root net elongation rates) showed a beneficial role of Si on growth of non-Cd-treated plants, while there was no evidence that silicon mitigated Cd toxicity in maize seedlings. Cadmium exposure depressed plant growth and induced phytochelatin (PC) synthesis. The accumulation of Cd and PCs in roots significantly decreased with increasing Si concentrations in the nutrient solution; however, their accumulation in shoots was not changed in the presence of Si.

ACS Style

S. Dresler; Małgorzata Wójcik; Wiesław Bednarek; Agnieszka Hanaka; Anna Tukiendorf. The effect of silicon on maize growth under cadmium stress. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology 2015, 62, 86 -92.

AMA Style

S. Dresler, Małgorzata Wójcik, Wiesław Bednarek, Agnieszka Hanaka, Anna Tukiendorf. The effect of silicon on maize growth under cadmium stress. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology. 2015; 62 (1):86-92.

Chicago/Turabian Style

S. Dresler; Małgorzata Wójcik; Wiesław Bednarek; Agnieszka Hanaka; Anna Tukiendorf. 2015. "The effect of silicon on maize growth under cadmium stress." Russian Journal of Plant Physiology 62, no. 1: 86-92.

Journal article
Published: 27 April 2014 in Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
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Maize seedlings grown in a nutrient solution were treated with Cd (50, 100 µM) or Cu (50, 100 µM). Roots and separated leaf sections (from the youngest––basal, through the middle––mature, to the oldest––apical) were analysed. Shoot and root fresh weight, and root net growth rates were reduced significantly after Cu application in comparison to Cd. Copper (50, 100 µM) and cadmium (100 µM) decreased the sum of chlorophyll and total carotenoid pools mostly in mature and old leaf sections. The concentration of Cu and Cd increased in the old and mature leaf sections. Analysis of organic acids showed that both metals differently influenced the low-molecular-weight organic acids (LMWOAs) content in maize leaf sections. In mature sections, the excess Cu increased the succinate and tartrate contents, whereas in the young ones mainly the tartrate level was elevated. Cadmium elevated citrate accumulation in mature and old sections, compared to the control plants. Malate, the main LMWOA in maize leaves, increased only after addition of 100 µM of Cd (mature and old sections) or 50 µM of Cu (old sections). Analysis of LMWOAs in roots showed that the excess of Cd or Cu induced higher accumulation of tartrate and malate and, additionally, copper increased the citrate content.

ACS Style

Sławomir Dresler; Agnieszka Hanaka; Wiesław Bednarek; Waldemar Maksymiec. Accumulation of low-molecular-weight organic acids in roots and leaf segments of Zea mays plants treated with cadmium and copper. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 2014, 36, 1565 -1575.

AMA Style

Sławomir Dresler, Agnieszka Hanaka, Wiesław Bednarek, Waldemar Maksymiec. Accumulation of low-molecular-weight organic acids in roots and leaf segments of Zea mays plants treated with cadmium and copper. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum. 2014; 36 (6):1565-1575.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sławomir Dresler; Agnieszka Hanaka; Wiesław Bednarek; Waldemar Maksymiec. 2014. "Accumulation of low-molecular-weight organic acids in roots and leaf segments of Zea mays plants treated with cadmium and copper." Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 36, no. 6: 1565-1575.