Glucosinolates (GSLs) are phytochemical compounds that can be found in Brassica vegetables. Seven separate batches of steamed-pureed turnip were assessed for GSL content using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and for sensory attributes by sensory profiling (carried out by a trained sensory panel). Twelve individual GSLs, which included 7 aliphatic, 4 indole and 1 arylaliphatic GSL, were identified across all batches. There were significant differences in individual GSL content between batches, with gluconasturtiin as the most abundant GSL. The total GSL content ranged from 16.07 to 44.74 μmol g⁻¹ dry weight (DW). Sensory profiling concluded there were positive correlations between GSLs and bitter taste and negative correlations between GSLs (except glucobrassicanapin) and sweet taste. The batches, which had been purchased across different seasons, all led to cooked turnip that contained substantial levels of GSLs which were subsequently all rated as bitter.

Brassica vegetables are bitter, predominantly because they contain bitter-tasting glucosinolates. Individuals with high bitter taste sensitivity are reported to have lower consumption of bitter vegetables. Studies reported that cooking methods can alter the sensory characteristics of vegetables, increasing acceptability. This study investigated consumer liking of turnip cooked by four methods (boiled-pureed, roasted, steamed-pureed and stir-fried) and related this to sensory characteristics. Additionally, this study examined the effect of the bitter taste genotype on taste perception and liking of the cooked turnip samples. Participants (n = 74) were recruited and the TAS2R38 genotype was measured. Liking, consumption intent, perception of bitterness and sweetness of turnip were evaluated. A sensory profile of the cooked turnip variants was also determined by a trained sensory panel. There were significant differences in the overall (p = 0.001) and taste (p = 0.002) liking between cooking methods. Turnip liking was increased when preparation led to sweeter taste profiles. The TAS2R38 genotype had a significant effect on bitter perception (p = 0.02) but did not significantly affect taste liking. In conclusion, the cooking method affected turnip liking, and the bitter perception in turnip was influenced by the TAS2R38 genotype. However, taste sensitivity did not predict turnip liking in this UK adult cohort.

Pengambilan makanan yang sihat perlu dipupuk bermula dari rumah pada peringkat awal kanak-kanak supaya menjadi satu amalan sepanjang hayat. Kajian ini merupakan kajian rintis bagi fasa analisis keperluan berdasarkan Model ADDIE yang digunakan sebagai rujukan model reka bentuk dalam pembangunan modul untuk mengenal pasti keperluan guru prasekolah terhadap pembangunan modul pengajaran dalam membimbing murid prasekolah berkaitan pemakanan seimbang. Data diperoleh melalui kaedah analisis deskriptif yang digunakan untuk menganalisis data kajian yang telah dikumpulkan. Perisian Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) telah digunakan untuk mengira purata dan sisihan piawai bagi setiap item soalan yang terdapat dalam borang soal selidik. Sampel kajian terdiri daripada 40 orang guru prasekolah di Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur. Instrumen kajian pula terdiri daripada borang soal selidik yang telah diedarkan melalui kaedah Borang Google. Dapatan kajian rintis analisis keperluan ini menunjukkan bahawa kebolehpercayaan item soal selidik berada pada tahap Tinggi dan Sangat Tinggi. Hal ini menunjukkan bahawa item-item soalan dapat difahami dan ditafsirkan oleh guru prasekolah daripada aspek kejelasan bahasa dan bentuk soalan. Guru prasekolah positif dan bersetuju dengan keperluan pembangunan modul dalam melaksanakan pengajaran dan pembelajaran berkaitan pemakanan seimbang yang memberi kesan terhadap kefahaman dan sikap penerimaan murid prasekolah bagi aspek pemakanan seimbang. Kemahiran guru dalam mengajar murid prasekolah tentang kepentingan pemakanan seimbang juga perlu diberi perhatian. Maka, kajian ini turut mencadangkan agar kajian yang bertemakan pendidikan pemakanan seimbang turut dilaksanakan di prasekolah swasta bagi menghasilkan kajian yang lebih menyeluruh.

Artikel ini menjelaskan interkorelasi konstruk bagi kemahiran literasi awal kanak-kanak berumur 3+ hingga 4+ tahun. Pengkaji menggunakan kaedah tinjauan yang melibatkan 222 orang sampel kajian yang terdiri daripada 119 orang kanak-kanak berumur 3+ tahun, dan 103 orang berumur 4+ tahun. Lokasi kajian melibatkan 12 buah taska atau tadika di sekitar Perak dan Selangor. Pencapaian kemahiran literasi awal kanak-kanak dinilai dengan menggunakan Indikator Kemahiran Literasi Awal (IKLA) yang merangkumi lima konstruk utama, iaitu bahasa dan komunikasi, kesedaran cetak, kesedaran fonologi, kefahaman naratif, dan tulisan awal. Pengkaji menggunakan analisis korelasi pekali Pearson untuk menentukan interkorelasi antara setiap konstruk kemahiran literasi awal dengan item-item. Dapatan analisis interkorelasi menunjukkan terdapat korelasi positif yang sangat kuat, kuat dan sederhana, dan signifikan antara setiap konstruk dengan item-item. Kajian ini dapat menjelaskan item-item atau kemahiran spesifik bagi setiap konstruk kemahiran literasi awal. Implikasinya, kajian ini dapat membantu ibu bapa dan pendidik untuk mendedahkan kemahiran literasi awal yang komprehensif kepada kanak-kanak berumur berumur 3+ hingga 4+ tahun.

Growth implies a change in body size, structure, and shape to be more related to physical changes. Growth can be interpreted as a quantitative change, as a result of external or environmental influences. Factors that influence the growth and development of early childhood are genetic or hereditary. Cognitive ability is a whole individual to take purposeful actions, think rationally, and deal with the environment effectively. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between children's nutritional status and early childhood cognitive development in Banda Aceh Municipality, Aceh Province, Indonesia. A cross sectional study was conducted by using quantitative research method, with a total sample of 62 children age 4 to 6 years old. This research was aimed to determine if there is relationship between children nutritional toward children cognitive development and if there was a correlation between these two factors. The data were collected by using a questionnaire disseminated with a google form before a treatment is conducted toward samples. This research took place in Banda Aceh Municipality, Aceh Province, Indonesia. The results of this study illustrate that 53.20% early childhood children in Banda Aceh Municipality were in normal nutritional status based on Z-score. 24.20 % of children is at fat level whereas 9.70% is at thin level and the rest is very thin at 6.50%. On the other hand, these children cognitive development showed that none are at good level and from 62 samples, there was 69.36 % is at moderate category, and 30.64 % is at poor category of cognitive development. From the calculation of P value of 0,204 with alfa score at 95 %, it showed that there was a positive relationship between children nutritional status toward their cognitive development.