HRMARS is well established journal publisher based in Pakistan. It is publishing prominent journals in social sciences since 2011.

HRMARS is well established journal publisher based in Pakistan. It is publishing prominent journals in social sciences since 2011.

Resilience is a key factor that reflects a teacher’s ability to utilize their emotional resources and working skills to provide high-quality teaching to children. Resilience-building interventions aim to promote positive psychological functioning and well-being. However, there is lack of evidence on whether these interventions improve the well-being or mental health of teachers in early childhood education (ECE) settings. This review examined the overall effectiveness of resilience-building interventions conducted on teachers working in the ECE field. A systematic approach is used to identify relevant studies that focus on resilience-building in countering work stress among early childhood educators. Findings from this review observed a preference of group approaches and varying durations of interventions. This review highlights the challenges of the group approach which can lead to lengthy interventions and attrition amongst participants. In addition to the concerns regarding response bias from self-report questionnaires, there is also a lack of physiological measures used to evaluate effects on mental health. The large efforts by 11 studies to integrate multiple centres into their intervention and the centre-based assessment performed by four studies highlight the need for a centre-focused approach to build resilience among teachers from various ECE centres. A pilot study is conducted to evaluate the feasibility of an integrated electroencephalography–virtual reality (EEG-VR) approach in building resilience in teachers, where the frontal brain activity can be monitored during a virtual classroom task. Overall, the findings of this review propose the integration of physiological measures to monitor changes in mental health throughout the resilience-building intervention and the use of VR as a tool to design a unique virtual environment.

HRMARS is well established journal publisher based in Pakistan. It is publishing prominent journals in social sciences since 2011.

HRMARS is well established journal publisher based in Pakistan. It is publishing prominent journals in social sciences since 2011.

The usage of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in education has been discussed in a myriad of research worldwide. Over time, ICT is widely used in all levels of education starting from early childhood to higher education. Numerous initiatives by the government have been executed to date, including allocating fund to support and maximize the usage of ICT specifically in education. Hence, this effort shall also be addressed by educators in early childhood education as an action to accomplish the aim. In this regard, educators should first be aware of the latest issues and trends in the use of ICT, to ensure the effectiveness of the incorporation in teaching and learning context particularly in early childhood education. In this concept paper, the issues and trends that have been outlined include the safety and health of the children, infrastructure, educators’ competencies, ICT as teaching aids, and ICT as a medium of communication and collaboration with parents. Suggestions for further research for ICT in early childhood education are also discussed in this paper.