The paper’s primary aim is to evaluate the influence of macroeconomic stability on transport companies’ sustainable development in the eastern EU from 2008 to 2019. The first part discusses the theoretical problems. The empirical part includes the methodology, results of the research and conclusions. To determine the relationship between variables, we use Pearson’s R and the Ordinary Least Square Method. The contribution to knowledge is using the pentagon of macroeconomic stability to evaluate macroeconomic stabilisation’s influence on transport companies’ sustainable development. The results indicate that macroeconomic stability is one of the essential determinants of the transport companies’ sustainable development. According to Pearson’s R, the highest level of dependence is in Slovenia (0.96), Bulgaria (0.9), and Slovenia (0.83). The lowest is in Latvia (0.69). The OLS regression results indicate that the highest significance is in Slovakia (α1 = 1.994), the lowest is in Lithuania (α1 = 0.691). The states’ economic policies should favour the freedom to conduct business, create appropriate legal regulations, and support ecological investments. It is necessary to act for a stable and fair tax system, ensure access to finance. The issue is contemporary and requires further analysis.

Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues is a peer-reviewed journal which publishes original research papers and case studies

The paper's main aim is to investigate the relationship between the ESG activities scores and profitability metrics of 33 public companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. By utilizing the Refinitiv methodology, we answer whether a company's environmental, social and governance performance perspectives positively affect the ROA, ROE and ROC ratios or whether there is a negative relationship. A secondary objective of the research is to investigate the relationship between profitability and the magnitude of aggregate-based earnings management in the tested sample. The moderating effect of earnings manipulation on the links between ESG performance and a company's profitability metrics is a research gap that has not been well-studied to date.This research demonstrates contradictory results: a positive relationship between the social dimension of ESG activities and the financial performance of companies was observed regarding ROE and ROC ratios. The negative impact of the environmental pillar rank on the ROA ratio was captured only in selected regression analyses. The governance pillar score did not statistically affect the tested profitability metrics. On the other hand, we gathered evidence that public companies with a high range of non-financial disclosures tend to alter earnings via accruals, and discretionary accruals statistically affect the ROA, ROE and ROC ratios. This finding contrasts previous research claiming that the earnings management phenomenon is a typical agency problem and that the policy of non-mandatory disclosures following the ESG assumptions could constrain the asymmetry of information and managerial information advantages.

Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu = Research Papers of Wrocław University of Economics; 2020; vol. 64, nr 10, s. 18-30

The energy sector is crucial for the country’s stable and lasting socioeconomic development and for implementing environmentally friendly technologies. The sustainable development of the energy sector takes place in three pillars: economic, social, and environmental. It means improving economic results while increasing the share of alternative energy sources. The paper aims to assess the impact of socioeconomic cohesion on the sustainable development of the energy sector in France, Germany, and Poland. We created indicators of sustainable development and socioeconomic cohesion. We used correlation analysis to examine the relationships. Additionally, we created a single- and multi-equation model, which we reset using the ordinary least squares method and Seemingly Unrealized Regression. The results of the linear correlation coefficients show a very strong relationship between socio-economic cohesion and the sustainable development of the energy sector in Poland (Pearson’s R 0.94), a weaker correlation in Germany (0.811), and the weakest in France (0.59). The results suggest that the relationship is strongest in the country with the lowest economic development and the smallest share of renewable energy, a significant positive impact on the sustainable development of the energy sector. The strength of this impact is varied in the countries studied, indicating a different level of advancement and development in the countries studied.

This study explores how individual moral philosophies influence accountants’ ethical perceptions of earnings management risk, addressing the broader question of how moral reasoning interacts with the cultural environment in shaping financial reporting decisions. Although accounting standards such as IFRS/IAS aim to harmonize reporting, cultural, and institutional factors can lead professionals to interpret and apply them differently, making ethical perceptions context-dependent. Building on positive accounting theory and Forsyth’s model of personal moral philosophy, we conducted a scenario-based survey among Polish accounting professionals, using an extended set of earnings management scenarios developed by Bruns and Merchant and modified by Jooste. Our results indicate that subjectivists demonstrate greater ethical sensitivity to earnings-altering behavior, while absolutists exhibit the least. We also examined ethical evaluations across different types of earnings management practices, including income-increasing versus income-decreasing, accrual-based versus real earnings management, and multi-year versus single-year manipulations. Understanding how different moral orientations influence the perception of managerial interventions in reported figures can help executives foster an organizational culture that promotes the provision of reliable and accurate information to stakeholders. Study limitations include sample size and scope, suggesting the need for future research incorporating broader demographics and contextual variables.