Sustainable development is a socioeconomic development that respects environmental protection. It can be analyzed at a macro- and microscale. The goals of sustainable development are realized by ordinary people, politicians, organizations, and enterprises. At the enterprise level, sustainable development means an improvement in quantitative and qualitative conditions of running a business, the use of pro-ecological standards and solutions, and support of employee development. The sustainable development of enterprises depends on several factors, including macroeconomic conditions. The main aim of this paper is to show the impact of the macroeconomic stabilization on the sustainable development of the manufacturing enterprises in the Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs). We examine only the CEECs which are the members of the European Union. Considering this, we focus on the eleven counties (i.e., Bulgaria, Croatia, Czechia, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, the Slovak Republic, and Slovenia) in the period from 2008 to 2018. The main hypothesis is formulated as follows: Macroeconomic stabilization has a statistically significant impact on the sustainable development of manufacturing enterprises in the period from 2008 to 2018. The results of the study indicate that in all analyzed countries there is a statistically significant relationship between the indicator of sustainable development (SI_SDE) and the indicator of macroeconomic stabilization. The highest level of correlation was observed in Czechia, Poland, and Hungary, while the lowest in Estonia.

The paper’s primary aim is to evaluate the influence of macroeconomic stability on transport companies’ sustainable development in the eastern EU from 2008 to 2019. The first part discusses the theoretical problems. The empirical part includes the methodology, results of the research and conclusions. To determine the relationship between variables, we use Pearson’s R and the Ordinary Least Square Method. The contribution to knowledge is using the pentagon of macroeconomic stability to evaluate macroeconomic stabilisation’s influence on transport companies’ sustainable development. The results indicate that macroeconomic stability is one of the essential determinants of the transport companies’ sustainable development. According to Pearson’s R, the highest level of dependence is in Slovenia (0.96), Bulgaria (0.9), and Slovenia (0.83). The lowest is in Latvia (0.69). The OLS regression results indicate that the highest significance is in Slovakia (α1 = 1.994), the lowest is in Lithuania (α1 = 0.691). The states’ economic policies should favour the freedom to conduct business, create appropriate legal regulations, and support ecological investments. It is necessary to act for a stable and fair tax system, ensure access to finance. The issue is contemporary and requires further analysis.

The paper researches factors influencing green entrepreneurship in the five European Union's emerging markets from 2008 to 2020. We choose five countries from the UE not in the eurozone (International Monetary Fund's approach to assessing economies), including Bulgaria, Croatia, Hungary, Poland, and Romania. The theoretical part discusses selected problems related to green entrepreneurship (we focus on analysing green sectors of the economy) and its determinants. The practical part shows the research results. We use Pearson's R, the ordinary least squares, and the vector autoregression model (VAR) to verify our research hypothesis (p-value < 0.05). We focus on factors which are crucial for entrepreneurship OECD (2011). Measuring green entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship at a Glance, including macroeconomic conditions (Macro_Con), creation and diffusion of knowledge (CaD_Know), entrepreneurial skills and capabilities (Cap_Ent), regulations (Reg_Fram), and the expenditure on environmental protection (Env_Prot). According to the OLS regression, there is a substantial variation in the impact of individual factors on green entrepreneurship in emerging markets from 2010 to 2020. Moreover, green is conditioned by a sequence of events, with the past determining the present values.

Decarbonization is an activity aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions to limit climate change and global warming. Ensuring macroeconomic stabilization is the basis for ecological action. The question is whether macroeconomic stabilization helps companies, institutions and countries act for decarbonization. This article presents research on the impact of components of macroeconomic stabilization on decarbonization and energy efficiency in the largest greenhouse gas emitters in the European Union from 1990 to 2020. We focus on the following countries, France, Germany, Italy, Poland and Spain. The contribution to knowledge is using the pentagon of macroeconomic stabilization to assess macroeconomic stabilization’s impact on decarbonization and energy efficiency. According to the correlation coefficients, the Ordinary Least Squares and the Seemingly Unrelated Regression method, there is a statistically significant impact of components of macroeconomics stabilization on decarbonization and energy efficiency. Moreover, our models show a different strength and direction of relationships between the explained and explanatory variables. Research results confirm the necessity to coordinate the macroeconomic with environmental policy. We think that it is essential to use effective tools of economic support (European Union Emissions Trading System, environmental taxes) and greater pressure from European Union institutions on countries that emit harmful substances.

W artykule omówiono wybrane problemy związane ze zrównoważonym rozwojem, społeczną odpowiedzialnością biznesu (Corporate Social Responsibility – CSR) oraz koncepcją środowisko, społeczna odpowiedzialność i ład korporacyjny (Environmental, Social and Corporate Governance – ESG) w dobie kryzysu geopolitycznego i gospodarczego. W tym kontekście sformułowano następującą hipotezę badawczą „Zrównoważony rozwój/CSR/ESG wpływa na odporność przedsiębiorstw na kryzysy, gdyż pozwala sprostać wyzwaniom rynku i budować pozycję konkurencyjną”. Realizacja celu badawczego wymagała zastosowania metody retrospektywnego i krytycznego przeglądu wyselekcjonowanej polskiej i anglojęzycznej literatury przedmiotu. Przegląd literatury sporządzono na podstawie baz Scopus, Web of Science i BazEkon. Wyniki analiz wskazują, że zrównoważony rozwój, CSR i ESG pozwalają na niwelowanie negatywnych zjawisk w sytuacjach kryzysowych, zapobiegają degradacji środowiska naturalnego, wspierają inkluzję społeczną oraz integrują organizację i zarządzanie podmiotami gospodarczymi.

Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues is a peer-reviewed journal which publishes original research papers and case studies