Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) ultrafiltration (UF) membrane combined with polyvinylidene fluoride-graft-2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (PVDF-g-PHEA) was fabricated via non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS). In this study, PVDF-g-PHEA was synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) method, and then synthesized graft copolymer was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and thermogravimetry analysis (TGA). Moreover, PVDF membranes containing graft copolymer (PVDF-g-PHEA) showed lower water contact angle value than pristine PVDF membranes. Macrovoid holes were also observed in cross sectional scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of PVDF membrane containing PVDF-g-PHEA. Accordingly, it was confirmed that these characteristics led PVDF membrane blended with graft copolymer has high final permeate flux and normalized flux compared to pristine PVDF membrane.

As one of the carbon capture and utilization (CCU) technologies, mineral carbonation which has been introduced to reduce the carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentration in the atmosphere is a technology that makes it possible to capture CO₂ and recycle byproducts as resources. However, existing mineral carbonation requires additional energy and costs, as it entails high temperature and high pressure reaction conditions. This study compared two processes which electrolyze NaCl and CaCl₂ solution to produce CO₂ absorbent needed to generate CaCO₃, and which were conducted at room temperature and pressure unlike existing mineral carbonation. As a result, high-purity calcite was obtained through Process 1 using NaCl solution, and aragonite and portlandite were obtained in addition to calcite through Process 2 (two steps) using CaCl₂ solution.