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Little is known about changes in alcohol and cannabis co-use over time in adolescents and young adults. We sought to describe the natural course of alcohol and cannabis co-use from age 12 to 17 and 20 to 31 and to describe frequent (i.e., ≥ once/month) binge drinking (i.e., ≥ 5 drinks/occasion) and cannabis use from age 20 to 31. Data were drawn from two longitudinal studies conducted in Montréal, Canada: AdoQuest (n = 1,852) and the Nicotine Dependence in Teens (NDIT) study (n = 1,293). Complete data on alcohol and cannabis were available for 620 12-17-year-olds (58% female) followed from 2005 to 2011 in AdoQuest, and 673 20-31-year-olds (56% female) followed from 2007 to 2020 in NDIT. We reported proportions of co-use, exclusive drinking ("drinking"), exclusive cannabis use ("cannabis use"), frequent co-use, frequent binge drinking, and frequent cannabis use by age and sex. Co-use rose from 2% at age 12-13 to 23% at age 17, was stable at 44% at age 20 and 24, and then decreased to 37% at age 31. Drinking rose from 20% to 51%, and cannabis use was consistently rare (< 2%). During young adulthood, frequent co-use declined from 21% at age 20 to 12% at age 31, and frequent binge drinking declined from 29% at age 20 to 22% at age 31. Frequent cannabis use increased from 6% at age 20 to 11% at age 31. Alcohol and cannabis use should be studied as time-varying behaviors. Co-use patterns should be monitored over time in this population. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Robert J. Wellman; Erika N. Dugas; Erin K. O'Loughlin; Marie-Pierre Sylvestre; Annie Pelekanakis; Jennifer O'Loughlin. Natural course of co-use of alcohol and cannabis in adolescents and young adults in Montréal, Canada. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleRobert J. Wellman, Erika N. Dugas, Erin K. O'Loughlin, Marie-Pierre Sylvestre, Annie Pelekanakis, Jennifer O'Loughlin. Natural course of co-use of alcohol and cannabis in adolescents and young adults in Montréal, Canada. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRobert J. Wellman; Erika N. Dugas; Erin K. O'Loughlin; Marie-Pierre Sylvestre; Annie Pelekanakis; Jennifer O'Loughlin. 2021. "Natural course of co-use of alcohol and cannabis in adolescents and young adults in Montréal, Canada." Psychology of Addictive Behaviors , no. : 1.
The role of infrastructure in encouraging transportation cycling in smaller cities with a low prevalence of cycling remains unclear. To investigate the relationship between the presence of infrastructure and transportation cycling in a small city (Lethbridge, AB, Canada), we interviewed 246 adults along a recently-constructed bicycle boulevard and two comparison streets with no recent changes in cycling infrastructure. One comparison street had a separate multi-use path and the other had no cycling infrastructure. Questions addressed time spent cycling in the past week and 2 years prior and potential socio-demographic and psychosocial correlates of cycling, including safety concerns. Finally, we asked participants what could be done to make cycling safer and more attractive. We examined predictors of cycling using gender-stratified generalized linear models. Women interviewed along the street with a separate path reported cycling more than women on the other streets. A more favorable attitude towards cycling and greater habit strength were associated with more cycling in both men and women. Qualitative data revealed generally positive views about the bicycle boulevard, a need for education about sharing the road and for better cycling infrastructure in general. Our results suggest that, even in smaller cities, cycling infrastructure may encourage cycling, especially among women.
Richard Larouche; Nimesh Patel; Jennifer Copeland. Relationship between Cycling Infrastructure and Transportation Cycling in a Small Urban Area. Future Transportation 2021, 1, 99 -112.
AMA StyleRichard Larouche, Nimesh Patel, Jennifer Copeland. Relationship between Cycling Infrastructure and Transportation Cycling in a Small Urban Area. Future Transportation. 2021; 1 (1):99-112.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRichard Larouche; Nimesh Patel; Jennifer Copeland. 2021. "Relationship between Cycling Infrastructure and Transportation Cycling in a Small Urban Area." Future Transportation 1, no. 1: 99-112.
Children who engage in active school transportation (AST) have higher levels of physical activity (PA). Climate and weather were shown to influence adults’ daily travel behaviours, but their influence on children’s AST and PA has been less examined. This study examined the influence of weather conditions on children’s AST and overall PA. Children in grades 4 to 6 (N = 1699; age, 10.2 ± 1.0 years) were recruited in schools located in urban, suburban and rural areas, stratified by area-level socioeconomic status, in 3 different regions of Canada (Trois-Rivières, Québec; Ottawa, Ontario; Vancouver, British Columbia). Mode of school travel was self-reported and physical activity was measured using a pedometer. We used publicly available data on total precipitation and early morning temperature. AST increased with temperature only among girls. Daily precipitation was negatively associated with boys’ and girls’ PA while warmer temperature was associated with increased PA on weekend days. We also observed that season and region moderated the relationship between weather conditions and children’s physical activity behaviours. Our results suggest that daily weather variations influence children’s AST and PA to a greater extent than seasonal variations. Interventions designed to help children and families adapt to weather-related barriers to AST and PA are needed. Novelty: In Canada, weather conditions may influence children’s active behaviours daily. Associations between weather conditions, choice of travel mode and physical activity vary by sex, season, and region. Weather affects children's PA differently during the week than on weekends.
Sébastien Blanchette; Richard Larouche; Mark S. Tremblay; Guy Faulkner; Negin A. Riazi; François Trudeau. Influence of weather conditions on children’s school travel mode and physical activity in 3 diverse regions of Canada. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 2021, 46, 552 -560.
AMA StyleSébastien Blanchette, Richard Larouche, Mark S. Tremblay, Guy Faulkner, Negin A. Riazi, François Trudeau. Influence of weather conditions on children’s school travel mode and physical activity in 3 diverse regions of Canada. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. 2021; 46 (6):552-560.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSébastien Blanchette; Richard Larouche; Mark S. Tremblay; Guy Faulkner; Negin A. Riazi; François Trudeau. 2021. "Influence of weather conditions on children’s school travel mode and physical activity in 3 diverse regions of Canada." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 46, no. 6: 552-560.
Adolescents often report low moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and high screen time. We modeled sex-specific MVPA and screen time trajectories during adolescence and identified contemporaneous patterns of evolution. Data were drawn from 2 longitudinal investigations. The Nicotine Dependence in Teens (NDIT) study included 1294 adolescents recruited at age 12–13 years who completed questionnaires every 3 months for 5 years. The Monitoring Activities of Teenagers to Comprehend their Habits (MATCH) study included 937 participants recruited at age 9–12 years who completed questionnaires every 4 months for 7 years. MVPA was measured as the number of days per week of being active for at least 5 min (NDIT) or 60 min (MATCH). In both studies, screen time was measured as the number of hours spent weekly in screen activities. In each study, sex-specific group-based trajectories were modeled separately for MVPA and screen time from grade 7 to 11. Contemporaneous patterns of evolution were examined in mosaic plots. In both studies, 5 MVPA trajectories were identified in both sexes, and 4 and 5 screen time trajectories were identified in boys and girls, respectively. All combinations of MVPA and screen time trajectories were observed. However, the contemporaneous patterns of evolution were favourable in 14%–31% of participants (i.e., they were members of the stable high MVPA and the lower screen time trajectories). Novelty: MVPA and screen time trajectories during adolescence and their combinations showed wide variability in 2 Canadian studies. Up to 31% of participants showed favourable contemporaneous patterns of evolution in MVPA and screen time. Using uniform methods for trajectory modeling may increase the potential for replication across studies.
Teodora Riglea; Isabelle Doré; Jennifer O’Loughlin; Mathieu Bélanger; Marie-Pierre Sylvestre. Contemporaneous trajectories of physical activity and screen time in adolescents. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 2021, 46, 676 -684.
AMA StyleTeodora Riglea, Isabelle Doré, Jennifer O’Loughlin, Mathieu Bélanger, Marie-Pierre Sylvestre. Contemporaneous trajectories of physical activity and screen time in adolescents. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. 2021; 46 (6):676-684.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTeodora Riglea; Isabelle Doré; Jennifer O’Loughlin; Mathieu Bélanger; Marie-Pierre Sylvestre. 2021. "Contemporaneous trajectories of physical activity and screen time in adolescents." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 46, no. 6: 676-684.
Whether physical activity (PA) tracking devices are associated with PA motivation in young adults is largely unknown. We compared total PA minutes per week, total minutes walking/week, meeting moderate-to vigorous PA guidelines, and past-year activity tracking across motivation cluster profiles among 799 young adults. Participants with “self-determined” profiles reported the highest total PA minutes/week followed by participants with “low intrinsic,” “controlled self-determined,” and “high external” profiles. A behavior regulation profile X activity tracking frequency interaction was not significant. Behavior regulation profiles may need to be considered in PA interventions using activity trackers.
Erin K O’Loughlin; Catherine M Sabiston; Melissa L Dejonge; Kristen M Lucibello; Jennifer L O’Loughlin. Associations among physical activity tracking, physical activity motivation and level of physical activity in young adults. Journal of Health Psychology 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleErin K O’Loughlin, Catherine M Sabiston, Melissa L Dejonge, Kristen M Lucibello, Jennifer L O’Loughlin. Associations among physical activity tracking, physical activity motivation and level of physical activity in young adults. Journal of Health Psychology. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleErin K O’Loughlin; Catherine M Sabiston; Melissa L Dejonge; Kristen M Lucibello; Jennifer L O’Loughlin. 2021. "Associations among physical activity tracking, physical activity motivation and level of physical activity in young adults." Journal of Health Psychology , no. : 1.
We examined relationships between pattern of team sport participation during the transition from adolescence to young adulthood (i.e., non‐participants, initiators, discontinuers, sustainers) and indicators of mental health. Data on team sport participation and mental health from high school to young adulthood were drawn from the longitudinal NDIT study. After controlling for demographics, physical activity, and previous mental health, one‐way MANCOVA and ANCOVAs indicated that pattern of team sport participation was associated with stress, F(2,706) = 8.28, p < .01, and coping, F(2,706) = 10.66, p < .01 in young adulthood. Compared to non‐participants (24% of sample) or those who discontinued team sport after adolescence (51%), individuals who sustained team sport participation from adolescence to young adulthood (22%) reported lower stress, and better coping levels. Bivariate regression analysis indicated that, compared to non‐participants, team sport sustainers were less likely to experience panic disorder symptoms (OR = 0.57, 95% CI [0.34, 0.94], p = .03). There were too few team sport initiators (2%) to be included in analyses. Sustained team sport participation during the transition from adolescence to young adulthood may promote better mental health. Further research is needed to ascertain causality and develop strategies to encourage individuals to join sport teams during adolescence and sustain participation while transitioning to young adulthood.
Ross M. Murray; Catherine M. Sabiston; Isabelle Doré; Mathieu Bélanger; Jennifer L. O’Loughlin. Association between pattern of team sport participation from adolescence to young adulthood and mental health. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 2021, 31, 1481 -1488.
AMA StyleRoss M. Murray, Catherine M. Sabiston, Isabelle Doré, Mathieu Bélanger, Jennifer L. O’Loughlin. Association between pattern of team sport participation from adolescence to young adulthood and mental health. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 2021; 31 (7):1481-1488.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRoss M. Murray; Catherine M. Sabiston; Isabelle Doré; Mathieu Bélanger; Jennifer L. O’Loughlin. 2021. "Association between pattern of team sport participation from adolescence to young adulthood and mental health." Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 31, no. 7: 1481-1488.
The transportation sector accounts for about a quarter of global greenhouse gas emissions. Previous research suggests that major life events may be “windows of opportunity” for travel behaviour change. Our scoping review examined the effects of seven events (transitions to secondary school, post-secondary studies, labour market, marriage, parenthood, retirement, and relocation) on travel behaviours. Five databases were searched (MEDLINE, APA PsycINFO, Web of Science, SportDISCUS, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses) and 80 articles met inclusion criteria. Relocation was the most commonly examined event (with 51 studies). Findings illustrate that moving to compact neighbourhoods (with shorter commute distance/travel time, greater walkability/access to destinations) was associated with shifts towards sustainable travel modes (e.g., walking, cycling, and transit). Relocation might be particularly conducive to implementing scalable sustainable transportation interventions, as all six interventions with appropriate statistical power were effective. Entry into the labour market was generally associated with increased car use and declines in sustainable transportation. Qualitative studies suggested that attitudes towards cycling may become negative during adolescence, while attitudes towards driving improve, highlighting a need for concerted action. Evidence for other events was less consistent. Research in developing countries remain scarce and further intervention research is needed to enhance quality of evidence.
Richard Larouche; Ulises Charles Rodriguez; Ransimala Nayakarathna; David Scott. Effect of Major Life Events on Travel Behaviours: A Scoping Review. Sustainability 2020, 12, 10392 .
AMA StyleRichard Larouche, Ulises Charles Rodriguez, Ransimala Nayakarathna, David Scott. Effect of Major Life Events on Travel Behaviours: A Scoping Review. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (24):10392.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRichard Larouche; Ulises Charles Rodriguez; Ransimala Nayakarathna; David Scott. 2020. "Effect of Major Life Events on Travel Behaviours: A Scoping Review." Sustainability 12, no. 24: 10392.
Purpose: Children’s independent mobility (IM) may facilitate both active transportation (AT) and physical activity (PA), but previous studies examining these associations were conducted in single regions that provided limited geographical variability. Method: We recruited 1699 children (55.0% girls) in 37 schools stratified by level of urbanization and socioeconomic status in 3 regions of Canada: Ottawa, Trois-Rivières, and Vancouver. Participants wore a SC-StepRx pedometer for 7 days and completed a validated questionnaire from which we derived a 6-point IM index, the number of AT trips over a week, and the volume of AT to/from school (in kilometer per week). We investigated relationships among measures of IM, AT, and PA employing linear mixed models or generalized linear mixed models adjusted for site, urbanization, and socioeconomic status. Results: Each unit increase in IM was associated with 9% more AT trips, 19% higher AT volume, and 147 more steps per day, with consistent results across genders. Both measures of AT were associated with marginally higher PA when pooling boys’ and girls’ data. Children in Vancouver engaged in more AT. PA did not vary across site, urbanization, or socioeconomic status. Conclusion: IM was associated with more AT and PA regardless of where children lived, underscoring a need for IM interventions.
Richard Larouche; Joel D. Barnes; Sébastien Blanchette; Guy Faulkner; Negin A. Riazi; François Trudeau; Mark S. Tremblay. Relationships Among Children’s Independent Mobility, Active Transportation, and Physical Activity: A Multisite Cross-Sectional Study. Pediatric Exercise Science 2020, 32, 189 -196.
AMA StyleRichard Larouche, Joel D. Barnes, Sébastien Blanchette, Guy Faulkner, Negin A. Riazi, François Trudeau, Mark S. Tremblay. Relationships Among Children’s Independent Mobility, Active Transportation, and Physical Activity: A Multisite Cross-Sectional Study. Pediatric Exercise Science. 2020; 32 (4):189-196.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRichard Larouche; Joel D. Barnes; Sébastien Blanchette; Guy Faulkner; Negin A. Riazi; François Trudeau; Mark S. Tremblay. 2020. "Relationships Among Children’s Independent Mobility, Active Transportation, and Physical Activity: A Multisite Cross-Sectional Study." Pediatric Exercise Science 32, no. 4: 189-196.
Background To better understand whether tobacco control policies are associated with changes in secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure across socioeconomic groups, we monitored differences in socioeconomic inequalities in SHS exposure in households and private vehicles among youth and adults before, during and after adoption of Quebec’s 2015An Act to Bolster Tobacco Control. Methods Using data from the Canadian Community Health Survey, we examined the prevalence of daily exposure to SHS in households and private vehicles among youth (ages 12 to 17) and adults (ages 18+) across levels of household education and income (separately) in 2013/2014, 2015/2016 and 2017/2018. We tested differences in the magnitude of differences in outcomes over time across education and income categories using logistic models with interaction terms, controlling for age and sex. Results We detected inequalities in SHS exposure outcomes at each time point, most markedly at home among youth (OR of SHS exposure among youth living in the 20% poorest households vs the 20% richest=4.9, 95% CI 2.7 to 6.2). There were decreases in SHS exposure in homes and cars in each education/income group over time. The magnitude of inequalities in SHS exposure in homes and cars, however, did not change during this period. Conclusions The persistence of socioeconomic inequalities in SHS exposure despite implementation of new tobacco control laws represents an increasingly worrisome public health challenge, particularly among youth. Policymakers should prioritise the reduction of socioeconomic inequalities in SHS exposure and consider the specific needs of socioeconomically disadvantaged populations in the design of future legislation.
Thierry Gagné; Josée Lapalme; Adrian E Ghenadenik; Jennifer L Oloughlin; Katherine Frohlich. Socioeconomic inequalities in secondhand smoke exposure before, during and after implementation of Quebec’s 2015 ‘An Act to Bolster Tobacco Control’. Tobacco Control 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleThierry Gagné, Josée Lapalme, Adrian E Ghenadenik, Jennifer L Oloughlin, Katherine Frohlich. Socioeconomic inequalities in secondhand smoke exposure before, during and after implementation of Quebec’s 2015 ‘An Act to Bolster Tobacco Control’. Tobacco Control. 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleThierry Gagné; Josée Lapalme; Adrian E Ghenadenik; Jennifer L Oloughlin; Katherine Frohlich. 2020. "Socioeconomic inequalities in secondhand smoke exposure before, during and after implementation of Quebec’s 2015 ‘An Act to Bolster Tobacco Control’." Tobacco Control , no. : 1.
This article aims to compare the prevalence of active transportation among children and adolescents from 49 countries at different levels of development. The data was extracted from the Report Cards on Physical Activity for Children and Youth from the 49 countries that participated in the Global Matrix 3.0 initiative. Descriptive statistics and a latent profile analysis with active transportation, Human Development Index and Gini index as latent variables were conducted. The global average grade was a “C”, indicating that countries are succeeding with about half of children and youth (47–53%). There is wide variability in the prevalence and in the definition of active transportation globally. Three different profiles of countries were identified based on active transportation grades, Human Development Index (HDI) and income inequalities. The first profile grouped very high HDI countries with low prevalence of active transport and low inequalities. The second profile grouped low and middle HDI countries with high prevalence of active transportation and higher inequalities. And the third profile was characterized by the relatively high prevalence of active transportation and more variability in the socioeconomic variables. Promising policies from countries under each profile were identified. A unified definition of active transportation and contextualized methods for its assessment are needed to advance in surveillance and practice.
Silvia A. González; Salomé Aubert; Joel D. Barnes; Richard Larouche; Mark S. Tremblay. Profiles of Active Transportation among Children and Adolescents in the Global Matrix 3.0 Initiative: A 49-Country Comparison. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 5997 .
AMA StyleSilvia A. González, Salomé Aubert, Joel D. Barnes, Richard Larouche, Mark S. Tremblay. Profiles of Active Transportation among Children and Adolescents in the Global Matrix 3.0 Initiative: A 49-Country Comparison. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (16):5997.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSilvia A. González; Salomé Aubert; Joel D. Barnes; Richard Larouche; Mark S. Tremblay. 2020. "Profiles of Active Transportation among Children and Adolescents in the Global Matrix 3.0 Initiative: A 49-Country Comparison." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 16: 5997.
Trajectory analyses differentiate subgroups of smokers based on early patterns of cigarette use, but no study has summarized this literature. We systematically reviewed the literature on adolescent cigarette smoking trajectories to document the number and shapes of trajectories identified, assess if certain study characteristics influence the number or shapes of trajectories identified, summarize factors associated with and outcomes of trajectory group membership, and assess whether the results of trajectory analyses help identify windows of opportunity for intervention. We searched PubMed and EMBASE (1/1/1980 to 1/11/2018) and identified 1695 articles. Forty-three articles with data from 37 unique datasets were retained. Each trajectory was categorized into one of three groups (i.e., low-stable, increasing, other). Number of trajectories ranged from 2 to 6 (mode = 4); 44–76% of participants were low-stable cigarette consumers, 11–21% increased consumption, and 3–11% were categorized as “other.” Number of data points, smoking indicator used, and time axis influenced the number of trajectories identified. Only two articles depicted the natural course of smoking since onset. Factors associated with trajectory membership included age, sex/gender, race/ethnicity, parental education, behavior problems, depression, academic performance, baseline cigarette use, parental and friends smoking, alcohol use, and cannabis use. Outcomes included illicit drug and alcohol use. Beyond parsimoniously describing cigarette smoking patterns, it is not clear whether trajectory analyses offer increased insight into the natural course, determinants or outcomes of cigarette smoking in ways that inform the development of intervention.
Marilyn N. Ahun; Béatrice Lauzon; Marie-Pierre Sylvestre; Cassi Bergeron-Caron; Sherif Eltonsy; Jennifer O'Loughlin. A systematic review of cigarette smoking trajectories in adolescents. International Journal of Drug Policy 2020, 83, 102838 .
AMA StyleMarilyn N. Ahun, Béatrice Lauzon, Marie-Pierre Sylvestre, Cassi Bergeron-Caron, Sherif Eltonsy, Jennifer O'Loughlin. A systematic review of cigarette smoking trajectories in adolescents. International Journal of Drug Policy. 2020; 83 ():102838.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarilyn N. Ahun; Béatrice Lauzon; Marie-Pierre Sylvestre; Cassi Bergeron-Caron; Sherif Eltonsy; Jennifer O'Loughlin. 2020. "A systematic review of cigarette smoking trajectories in adolescents." International Journal of Drug Policy 83, no. : 102838.
Background Exergaming is associated with positive health benefits; however, little is known about what motivates young people to exergame. Objective This study aimed to develop a new Reasons to Exergame (RTEX) scale and describe its psychometric properties (Study 1) including test-retest reliability (Study 2). We also examined the test-retest reliability of self-report exergaming behavior measures (Study 2). Methods We identified scale items in consultation with experts. In Study 1, we conducted an Exploratory Factor Analysis of RTEX and examined how the factors identified relate to exergaming frequency and intensity in a population-based sample of 272 young adults. In Study 2, we examined the test-retest reliability of RTEX factors and self-report measures of past-week exergaming frequency and intensity among 147 college students. Results We identified four factors in RTEX: exergaming for fitness, exergaming for enjoyment, preferring exergaming over other gaming options, and choosing exergaming over competing interests (eg, sports). Test-retest reliability of RTEX factors (ICC 0.7-0.8) and self-report exergaming frequency (ICC 0.4-0.9) was adequate. Exergaming for fitness and enjoyment were positively associated with the frequency of exergaming with friends and family, and with exergaming intensity. Preferring exergaming over other gaming options and choosing exergaming over competing interests (eg, sports) were not related to exergaming behavior. Conclusions RTEX is a psychometrically sound scale with four factors that measure reasons to exergame. Replication of these findings is needed in larger, more diverse samples.
Erin O'loughlin; Catherine M Sabiston; Lisa Kakinami; Jennifer J McGrath; Mia Consalvo; Jennifer L O'loughlin; Tracie A Barnett. Development and Validation of the Reasons to Exergame (RTEX) Scale in Young Adults: Exploratory Factors Analysis. JMIR Serious Games 2020, 8, e16261 .
AMA StyleErin O'loughlin, Catherine M Sabiston, Lisa Kakinami, Jennifer J McGrath, Mia Consalvo, Jennifer L O'loughlin, Tracie A Barnett. Development and Validation of the Reasons to Exergame (RTEX) Scale in Young Adults: Exploratory Factors Analysis. JMIR Serious Games. 2020; 8 (2):e16261.
Chicago/Turabian StyleErin O'loughlin; Catherine M Sabiston; Lisa Kakinami; Jennifer J McGrath; Mia Consalvo; Jennifer L O'loughlin; Tracie A Barnett. 2020. "Development and Validation of the Reasons to Exergame (RTEX) Scale in Young Adults: Exploratory Factors Analysis." JMIR Serious Games 8, no. 2: e16261.
Background Data are lacking on type of e-liquid vaped among e-cigarette users. Further, few studies assess all sources of nicotine used by e-cigarette users to assess whether poly-nicotine use relates to nicotine dependence (ND). The objectives were to describe young adult e-cigarette users by: (i) type of e-liquid vaped; (ii) poly-nicotine use; (iii) ND symptoms; and (iv) attempts to quit conventional cigarettes. Methods Data were available in cycle 23 of a longitudinal investigation on the natural course of cigarette smoking and ND. A total of 775 young adults (44% male; mean (SD) age 30.5(1.0)) completed mailed self-report questionnaires in 2017–20. Results Of 775 participants, 149 (19.2%) reported past-year e-cigarette use. Overall, 55.0% of e-cigarette users had used cannabis-containing e-liquid (31.5% vaped cannabis e-liquid exclusively); 50.4% used nicotine-containing e-liquid (23.5% vaped nicotine e-liquid exclusively); and 39.9% used e-liquid without nicotine (8.7% vaped e-liquid without nicotine exclusively). Most e-cigarette users (82.6%) used other nicotine-containing products including conventional cigarettes (72.5%); 60.8% reported ND symptoms, rising to 79.4% among those who vaped nicotine-containing e-liquid. Finally, 29.0% tried to quit conventional cigarettes using e-cigarettes in the past-year, but only 16.7% found them helpful. Conclusions E-cigarettes now appear to appeal to a broader market than smokers who want to quit. More than half of young adult e-cigarette users vaped cannabis-containing e-liquid in the past year while only one-quarter had used e-cigarettes to assist with cessation. Most e-cigarette users used multiple nicotine-containing substances (including combustible cigarettes) which were associated with reports of ND symptoms.
Erika N. Dugas; Marie-Pierre Sylvestre; Jennifer O’Loughlin. Type of e-liquid vaped, poly-nicotine use and nicotine dependence symptoms in young adult e-cigarette users: a descriptive study. BMC Public Health 2020, 20, 922 .
AMA StyleErika N. Dugas, Marie-Pierre Sylvestre, Jennifer O’Loughlin. Type of e-liquid vaped, poly-nicotine use and nicotine dependence symptoms in young adult e-cigarette users: a descriptive study. BMC Public Health. 2020; 20 (1):922.
Chicago/Turabian StyleErika N. Dugas; Marie-Pierre Sylvestre; Jennifer O’Loughlin. 2020. "Type of e-liquid vaped, poly-nicotine use and nicotine dependence symptoms in young adult e-cigarette users: a descriptive study." BMC Public Health 20, no. 1: 922.
Walking and biking to school represent a source of regular daily physical activity (PA). The objectives of this paper are to determine the associations of distance to school, crime safety, and socioeconomic variables with active school transport (AST) among children from five culturally and socioeconomically different country sites and to describe the main policies related to AST in those country sites. The analytical sample included 2845 children aged 9–11 years from the International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment. Multilevel generalized linear mixed models were used to estimate the associations between distance, safety and socioeconomic variables, and the odds of engaging in AST. Greater distance to school and vehicle ownership were associated with a lower likelihood of engaging in AST in sites in upper-middle- and high-income countries. Crime perception was negatively associated to AST only in sites in high-income countries. Our results suggest that distance to school is a consistent correlate of AST in different contexts. Our findings regarding crime perception support a need vs. choice framework, indicating that AST may be the only commuting choice for many children from the study sites in upper-middle-income countries, despite the high perception of crime.
Silvia A. González; Olga L. Sarmiento; Pablo D. Lemoine; Richard Larouche; Jose D. Meisel; Mark S. Tremblay; Melisa Naranjo; Stephanie T. Broyles; Mikael Fogelholm; Gustavo A. Holguin; Estelle V. Lambert; Peter T. Katzmarzyk. Active School Transport among Children from Canada, Colombia, Finland, South Africa, and the United States: A Tale of Two Journeys. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 1 .
AMA StyleSilvia A. González, Olga L. Sarmiento, Pablo D. Lemoine, Richard Larouche, Jose D. Meisel, Mark S. Tremblay, Melisa Naranjo, Stephanie T. Broyles, Mikael Fogelholm, Gustavo A. Holguin, Estelle V. Lambert, Peter T. Katzmarzyk. Active School Transport among Children from Canada, Colombia, Finland, South Africa, and the United States: A Tale of Two Journeys. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (11):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSilvia A. González; Olga L. Sarmiento; Pablo D. Lemoine; Richard Larouche; Jose D. Meisel; Mark S. Tremblay; Melisa Naranjo; Stephanie T. Broyles; Mikael Fogelholm; Gustavo A. Holguin; Estelle V. Lambert; Peter T. Katzmarzyk. 2020. "Active School Transport among Children from Canada, Colombia, Finland, South Africa, and the United States: A Tale of Two Journeys." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 11: 1.
Whether polytobacco use or nicotine dependence (ND) change when cigarette smoking status changes in young adults is an understudied issue. Our objective was to describe use of other tobacco products (OTPs) and ND according to change in cigarette smoking status over four years in young adults. We drew data from a longitudinal study of 1294 adolescents age 12–13 at inception in 1999–2000 and followed into young adulthood. Among 790 participants with data at age 20 and 24, 22% had never smoked cigarettes; 37% were “sustained smokers”; 9% were “relapsers”; 10% had quit 1–3 years ago; and 22% had quit ≥4 years ago. We described past-year OTP (i.e., cigars/cigarillos, waterpipe, sundry tobacco products (i.e., pipe, bidis, chewing tobacco, snuff)) use and ND over 4 years in these groups. At age 20, sustained smokers reported using a mean(SD) of 1.1(0.9) OTP in the past-year; relapsers reported 0.5(0.6); shorter-term quitters reported 0.9(0.7); longer-term quitters reported 0.3(0.6); and never smokers reported 0.2(0.4). There was no change in OTP use or ND in never smokers and longer-term quitters. Shorter-term quitters reduced the number of OTPs by −0.5(95% confidence interval: −0.7,−0.3) on average over 4 years; sustained smokers decreased by −0.2(−0.3,−0.1). Relapsers increased by 0.6(0.4,0.7) on average. OTP use and ND were stable in early adulthood among never smokers, sustained smokers and longer-term quitters, but fluctuated in parallel with stopping and starting to smoke. Research is needed to ascertain the underpinnings of these fluctuations and whether they help or hinder cessation.
Erika N. Dugas; Marie-Pierre Sylvestre; Robert J. Wellman; Jennifer O'Loughlin. Does use of other tobacco products change when cigarette smoking status changes: A descriptive study of young adults. Addictive Behaviors 2020, 107, 106404 .
AMA StyleErika N. Dugas, Marie-Pierre Sylvestre, Robert J. Wellman, Jennifer O'Loughlin. Does use of other tobacco products change when cigarette smoking status changes: A descriptive study of young adults. Addictive Behaviors. 2020; 107 ():106404.
Chicago/Turabian StyleErika N. Dugas; Marie-Pierre Sylvestre; Robert J. Wellman; Jennifer O'Loughlin. 2020. "Does use of other tobacco products change when cigarette smoking status changes: A descriptive study of young adults." Addictive Behaviors 107, no. : 106404.
Introduction A substantial proportion of individuals with overweight or obesity perceive themselves as “too heavy” relative to “about right”. Perceiving one's weight as “too heavy” is associated with lower levels of physical activity and higher levels of sedentary behaviour. However, the mechanisms underpinning the associations between weight perception and lifestyle behaviours have not been identified. Based on theoretical tenets and empirical evidence, the self‐conscious emotions of shame and guilt may mediate these associations. Methods Participants were young adults (n= 618, Mage= 24.0±.6 years) who provided data on weight, weight perception, body‐related shame and guilt, physical activity and screen time. Results Mediation analyses using the Process macro indicated that shame and guilt significantly mediated the relationships between weight perception and physical activity, and shame significantly mediated the relationship between weight perception and screen time. Conclusions These findings provide preliminary evidence that self‐conscious emotions may be mechanisms by which weight perception influences physical activity and sedentary behaviour in young adults. However, longitudinal investigations of this mechanism are needed.
K. M. Lucibello; C. M. Sabiston; E. K. O'Loughlin; J. L. O'Loughlin. Mediating role of body‐related shame and guilt in the relationship between weight perceptions and lifestyle behaviours. Obesity Science & Practice 2020, 6, 365 -372.
AMA StyleK. M. Lucibello, C. M. Sabiston, E. K. O'Loughlin, J. L. O'Loughlin. Mediating role of body‐related shame and guilt in the relationship between weight perceptions and lifestyle behaviours. Obesity Science & Practice. 2020; 6 (4):365-372.
Chicago/Turabian StyleK. M. Lucibello; C. M. Sabiston; E. K. O'Loughlin; J. L. O'Loughlin. 2020. "Mediating role of body‐related shame and guilt in the relationship between weight perceptions and lifestyle behaviours." Obesity Science & Practice 6, no. 4: 365-372.
Background Physical activity (PA) can promote mental health, but the mechanisms underpinning this association are not well-established. This study examined if perceptions of three basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence, relatedness) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) mediate the association between number of years participating in PA and mental health in adolescence. Methods Participants included 937 children (55% female) age 10–11 at inception of the longitudinal MATCH study, who provided data every 4 months over 6 years. Mediation analyses were used to assess the natural direct effect of number of years of PA participation (cycles 1–15) during late childhood and adolescence on later mental health (cycle 16), measured with the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF), and the natural indirect effect through each of self-perceived autonomy, competence and relatedness, and self-report MVPA (cycle 15). Results In single mediator models, indirect effects of autonomy, competence, relatedness and self-report MVPA were statistically significant. In joint mediation models (each of three models including one basic psychological need and MVPA), autonomy, competence and relatedness mediated 71, 27, and 51% of the association respectively; MVPA mediated 27–31% of the association. In the mediation model including all four mediators, relatedness mediated the largest proportion of the association, followed by autonomy and MVPA. Conclusion Results support developing strategies to encourage adolescents to engage and remain involved in PA. This could foster perceptions of autonomy, competence, and relatedness as well as MVPA, which in turn may enhance mental health.
Isabelle Doré; Benjamin Sylvester; Catherine Sabiston; Marie-Pierre Sylvestre; Jennifer O’Loughlin; Jennifer Brunet; Mathieu Bélanger. Mechanisms underpinning the association between physical activity and mental health in adolescence: a 6-year study. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 2020, 17, 1 -9.
AMA StyleIsabelle Doré, Benjamin Sylvester, Catherine Sabiston, Marie-Pierre Sylvestre, Jennifer O’Loughlin, Jennifer Brunet, Mathieu Bélanger. Mechanisms underpinning the association between physical activity and mental health in adolescence: a 6-year study. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. 2020; 17 (1):1-9.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIsabelle Doré; Benjamin Sylvester; Catherine Sabiston; Marie-Pierre Sylvestre; Jennifer O’Loughlin; Jennifer Brunet; Mathieu Bélanger. 2020. "Mechanisms underpinning the association between physical activity and mental health in adolescence: a 6-year study." International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 17, no. 1: 1-9.
Despite limited evidence on the association between physical activity (PA) and blood pressure (BP) in youth, experts recommend that adolescents engage regularly in moderate-to-vigorous PA. We examined the relationships between PA intensity and frequency and the likelihood of having high BP in a population-based cohort of adolescents from Montréal, Canada. PA was self-reported every 3 months from grade 7 to 11, and BP was measured at ages 12.8, 15.2, and 17.0 years on average. We analyzed data from 993 participants (mean [SD] age = 16.0 [1.0], 51.6% female) with BP data at ages 15.2 and/or 17.0 years, using pooled ordinal logistic regression. BP (normal/elevated/hypertensive range) was the outcome, and past-year PA intensity and frequency were potential predictors. Eight percent of participants had elevated BP (120-129/<80), and 3.2% had BP in the hypertensive range (≥130/≥80). Participants engaged in a median (interquartile range) of 7.0 (4.5, 9.3) and 5.5 (2, 10.8) moderate and vigorous PA sessions/week, respectively. After adjusting for age, sex, mother's education, use of alcohol and cigarette consumption, engaging in PA more intense than light during the previous year was associated with a lower odds of having BP in the hypertensive range (ORs [95% CIs] = 0.93 [0.88, 0.97] to 0.97 [0.94, 0.99]). The relationships were not altered by adjusting for BMI. Our findings support recommendations that adolescents engage in at least moderate PA on a regular basis to prevent development of BP in the hypertensive range.
Robert J. Wellman; Marie‐Pierre Sylvestre; Patrick Abi Nader; Arnaud Chiolero; Miceline Mesidor; Erika N. Dugas; Gauthier Tougri; Jennifer O'Loughlin. Intensity and frequency of physical activity and high blood pressure in adolescents: A longitudinal study. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension 2020, 22, 283 -290.
AMA StyleRobert J. Wellman, Marie‐Pierre Sylvestre, Patrick Abi Nader, Arnaud Chiolero, Miceline Mesidor, Erika N. Dugas, Gauthier Tougri, Jennifer O'Loughlin. Intensity and frequency of physical activity and high blood pressure in adolescents: A longitudinal study. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension. 2020; 22 (2):283-290.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRobert J. Wellman; Marie‐Pierre Sylvestre; Patrick Abi Nader; Arnaud Chiolero; Miceline Mesidor; Erika N. Dugas; Gauthier Tougri; Jennifer O'Loughlin. 2020. "Intensity and frequency of physical activity and high blood pressure in adolescents: A longitudinal study." The Journal of Clinical Hypertension 22, no. 2: 283-290.
Objectives: We assessed whether social inequalities in smoking observed among young adults born in Canada were also apparent in same-age immigrants. Methods: Data were drawn from an investigation of social inequalities in smoking conducted in an urban setting (Montreal, Canada). The sample included 2077 young adults age 18 to 25 (56.6% female; 18.9% immigrants who had lived in Canada 11.6 (SD 6.4) years on average). The association between education and current smoking was examined in multivariable logistic regression analyses conducted separately in young adults born in Canada and in immigrants. Results: About 19.5% of immigrants were current smokers compared to 23.8% of young adults born in Canada. In immigrants, relative to those with university education, the adjusted odds ratios (OR) (95% confidence interval) for current smoking were 1.2 (0.6, 2.3) among those with pre-university/vocational training and 1.5 (0.7, 2.9) among those with high school education. In non-immigrants, the adjusted ORs were 1.9 (1.4, 2.5) among those with pre-university/vocational training and 4.0 (2.9, 5.5) among those with high school. Conclusion: Young adults who had immigrated to Canada did not manifest the strong social gradient in smoking apparent in young adults born in Canada. Increased understanding of the underpinnings of this difference could inform development of interventions that aim to reduce social inequalities in smoking.
Jodi Kalubi; Zobelle Tchouaga; Adrian Ghenadenik; Jennifer O’Loughlin; Katherine L Frohlich. Do Social Inequalities in Smoking Differ by Immigration Status in Young Adults Living in an Urban Setting? Findings From the Interdisciplinary Study of Inequalities in Smoking. Tobacco Use Insights 2020, 13, 1 .
AMA StyleJodi Kalubi, Zobelle Tchouaga, Adrian Ghenadenik, Jennifer O’Loughlin, Katherine L Frohlich. Do Social Inequalities in Smoking Differ by Immigration Status in Young Adults Living in an Urban Setting? Findings From the Interdisciplinary Study of Inequalities in Smoking. Tobacco Use Insights. 2020; 13 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJodi Kalubi; Zobelle Tchouaga; Adrian Ghenadenik; Jennifer O’Loughlin; Katherine L Frohlich. 2020. "Do Social Inequalities in Smoking Differ by Immigration Status in Young Adults Living in an Urban Setting? Findings From the Interdisciplinary Study of Inequalities in Smoking." Tobacco Use Insights 13, no. : 1.
Objective: To describe the natural course of cigarette smoking and nicotine dependence (ND) over 1-year in daily smokers ages 15 to 17 living in different social contexts. Method: Cigarette smoking and ND indicators were measured at baseline and 3- and 12-months thereafter among 95 daily smokers with a total of 123 observations from the Nicotine Dependence in Teens (NDIT) Study in Quebec, Canada, and in 111 daily smokers from the TABagisme chez les ADOlescents (TABADO) Study in Lorraine, France. Results: NDIT and TABADO participants initiated smoking a mean (SD) of 3.9 (1.6) and 3.7 (2.0) years prior to baseline, respectively. Despite baseline differences in age, sex, age at initiation, number of cigarettes smoked per day and social context, 85% of participants in both samples reported cravings and responded “yes” to “felt like you really need a cigarette”. Mean (SD) number of cigarettes smoked per day increased from 9.4 (8.1) to 11.8 (8.0) over 1 year in NDIT (adjusted mean difference (95% CI) = 2.4 (0.8, 3.0)), and from 11.5 (6.5) to 13.5 (6.7) in TABADO (adjusted mean difference (95% CI) = 2.0 (0.8, 3.1)). However, most ND indicators in both samples were stable over time and cessation was infrequent. Conclusion: Despite notable differences across samples, the natural course of cigarettes smoked per day, ND symptoms and cessation was similar, suggestive of an underlying biologic rather than social process. To quit, adolescents who smoke daily will likely need (pharmacologic) intervention to counter the biological mechanisms underpinning ND, as well as complementary strategies targeting the social context such as creating social environments favoring cessation success.
Laetitia Minary; Nelly Agrinier; Erika N Dugas; Marie-Pierre Sylvestre; Jennifer O’Loughlin. The Natural Course of Cigarette Smoking among Adolescent Daily Smokers in France and Quebec. Tobacco Use Insights 2020, 13, 1 .
AMA StyleLaetitia Minary, Nelly Agrinier, Erika N Dugas, Marie-Pierre Sylvestre, Jennifer O’Loughlin. The Natural Course of Cigarette Smoking among Adolescent Daily Smokers in France and Quebec. Tobacco Use Insights. 2020; 13 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLaetitia Minary; Nelly Agrinier; Erika N Dugas; Marie-Pierre Sylvestre; Jennifer O’Loughlin. 2020. "The Natural Course of Cigarette Smoking among Adolescent Daily Smokers in France and Quebec." Tobacco Use Insights 13, no. : 1.