Efficient cell factories are the core of industrial biotechnology. In recent years, synthetic biology develops rapidly, and more and more modified microbial cell factories are employed in industrial biotechnology. ATP plays vital roles in biosynthesis, metabolism regulation, and cellular maintenance. Regulating cellular ATP supply can effectively modify cellular metabolism. This paper presents a review of recent studies on the regulation of the intracellular ATP supply and its application in industrial biotechnology. Detailed strategies for regulating the ATP supply and the resulting impact on bioproduction are introduced. It is observed that regulating the cellular ATP supply can provide great possibilities for making microbial cells into efficient factories. Future perspectives for further understanding the function of ATP are also discussed.