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Dr. Fernando Martinez-Rodrigo
University of Valladolid, Spain

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0 Cooperative Learning
0 Power Electronics
0 Project-based Learning
0 Renewable Energy
0 Modular Multilevel Converters

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Modular Multilevel Converters
Cooperative Learning
Project-based Learning
Renewable Energy
Power Electronics

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Journal article
Published: 07 May 2021 in Energies
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This paper presents a new way of organizing a wind farm with a large number of small to medium-sized turbines. Each wind generator has been included in a switching module of a modular multilevel converter (MMC), which generates the output voltage by near level control (NLC). The proposed topology reduces the number of semiconductors required, switching losses, and voltage filtering requirements. This topology replaces the usual configuration where each wind turbine is connected to a three-phase two-level back-to-back converter plus a filter and then connected in parallel with the other wind generators. To test the topology and its control performance, a case has been developed and simulated for generator configurations producing the same power, for generation imbalances between phases and for imbalances between arms. The analysis of the data shows that the converter works correctly and that it can deliver power to the grid in a balanced way even if the generation has imbalances. The generation imbalances between phases are compensated through the average value of the circulating current, while the imbalances between arms are compensated through the 50 Hz circulating current.

ACS Style

Fernando Martinez-Rodrigo; Dionisio Ramirez; Santiago de Pablo; Luis Herrero-De Lucas. Connection System for Small and Medium-Size Wind Generators through the Integration in an MMC and NLC Modulation. Energies 2021, 14, 2681 .

AMA Style

Fernando Martinez-Rodrigo, Dionisio Ramirez, Santiago de Pablo, Luis Herrero-De Lucas. Connection System for Small and Medium-Size Wind Generators through the Integration in an MMC and NLC Modulation. Energies. 2021; 14 (9):2681.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fernando Martinez-Rodrigo; Dionisio Ramirez; Santiago de Pablo; Luis Herrero-De Lucas. 2021. "Connection System for Small and Medium-Size Wind Generators through the Integration in an MMC and NLC Modulation." Energies 14, no. 9: 2681.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2021 in DYNA
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This article focuses on smoothing the large power peaks that wave energy converters (WECs) inject into the electrical grid. The study is carried out for a single WEC where the generated power is delivered to the grid by means of a power converter. Two different measures have been considered to improve the power quality of the grid connection. Firstly, the electronic converter has been chosen a modular multilevel converter (MMC) to allow replacing the standard high voltage capacitors of the DC link by low voltage ultracapacitors distributed across the modules of the MMC. Secondly, the MMC is controlled using a non-linear vector current control. The results show that the power delivered to the grid becomes approximately constant when using ultracapacitors. Furthermore, the non-linear vector current source provides the grid connection converter with the necessary fast dynamic response to avoid large variations in the DC voltage. Keywords: modular multilevel converter (MMC); non-linear vector current source; ultracapacitor; wave energy converter (WEC).

ACS Style

Fernando Martinez Rodrigo; Santiago De Pablo Gomez; Luis Carlos Herrero DE Lucas; Dionisio Ramirez Prieto. SMOOTHING OF THE INTERMITTENT POWER PROVIDED BY WAVE POWER PLANTS USING ULTRACAPACITORS AND A NON-LINEAR VECTOR CURRENT CONTROLLED MMC. DYNA 2021, 96, 61 -66.

AMA Style

Fernando Martinez Rodrigo, Santiago De Pablo Gomez, Luis Carlos Herrero DE Lucas, Dionisio Ramirez Prieto. SMOOTHING OF THE INTERMITTENT POWER PROVIDED BY WAVE POWER PLANTS USING ULTRACAPACITORS AND A NON-LINEAR VECTOR CURRENT CONTROLLED MMC. DYNA. 2021; 96 (1):61-66.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fernando Martinez Rodrigo; Santiago De Pablo Gomez; Luis Carlos Herrero DE Lucas; Dionisio Ramirez Prieto. 2021. "SMOOTHING OF THE INTERMITTENT POWER PROVIDED BY WAVE POWER PLANTS USING ULTRACAPACITORS AND A NON-LINEAR VECTOR CURRENT CONTROLLED MMC." DYNA 96, no. 1: 61-66.

Journal article
Published: 26 October 2020 in Energies
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A new topology has been recently proposed for grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems, using modular multilevel converters (MMCs) and distributing PV panels throughout the MMC cells. This topology has two main advantages: it reduces the power losses related to moving the energy into the MMC capacitors from an external source, and it removes the losses and costs related to the DC to DC converters used to track the maximum power point on string converters or central converters, because that task is delegated to MMC cells. However, traditional pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques have many problems when dealing with this application: the distortion at the output increases to unacceptable values when MMC cells target different voltages. This paper proposes a new modulation technique for MMCs with different cell voltages, taking into account the measured cell voltages to generate switching sequences with more accurate timing. It also adapts the modulator sampling period to improve the transitions from level to level, an important issue to reduce the internal circulating currents. The proposed modulation has been validated using simulations that show a consistent behavior in the output distortion throughout a wide operation range, and it also reduces the circulating currents and cuts the conduction losses by half. The behavior of this new topology and this new modulation has been compared to the mainstream topology with external PV panels and also to a fixed carrier modulation.

ACS Style

Zaid A. Aljawary; Santiago De Pablo; Luis Carlos Herrero-De Lucas; Fernando Martinez-Rodrigo. Local Carrier PWM for Modular Multilevel Converters with Distributed PV Cells and Circulating Current Reduction. Energies 2020, 13, 5585 .

AMA Style

Zaid A. Aljawary, Santiago De Pablo, Luis Carlos Herrero-De Lucas, Fernando Martinez-Rodrigo. Local Carrier PWM for Modular Multilevel Converters with Distributed PV Cells and Circulating Current Reduction. Energies. 2020; 13 (21):5585.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zaid A. Aljawary; Santiago De Pablo; Luis Carlos Herrero-De Lucas; Fernando Martinez-Rodrigo. 2020. "Local Carrier PWM for Modular Multilevel Converters with Distributed PV Cells and Circulating Current Reduction." Energies 13, no. 21: 5585.

Research article
Published: 07 January 2020 in IET Renewable Power Generation
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Modular Multilevel Converters (MMC) are traditionally used in high-power applications although their field of application has lately widened to lower powers. In medium and low-power applications such as electric drives, a fast control system is usually required and model-based predictive control approaches (MPC) are highly suitable to obtain superior performance. Unfortunately, although MPC is widely used with two-level three-phase power converters, typically in motor and generator control applications, it has been barely developed for MMC. Recent studies discuss MPC approaches for MMC but they are primarily focused on improving the internal operation of MMC. In contrast, this paper presents an MPC which is designed to control the torque and the magnetic field of a surface permanent magnet synchronous generator (SPMSG) by means of an MMC. The proposed approach features a new and fast method to find the location of the reference voltage vector among the large number of multilevel vectors present in typical MMCs. The performance of the new control system has been demonstrated for an oscillating water column (OWC) based power plant simulation. The control system stands out for its fast response, low THD currents and reasonably low computing time which enables its easy implementation in microcontrollers (MCU).

ACS Style

Mohammad Ebrahim Zarei; Mahima Gupta; Dionisio Ramirez; Fernando Martinez‐Rodrigo. Predictive control of a permanent magnet synchronous generator connected to an MMC converter in an oscillating water column based power plant. IET Renewable Power Generation 2020, 14, 275 -285.

AMA Style

Mohammad Ebrahim Zarei, Mahima Gupta, Dionisio Ramirez, Fernando Martinez‐Rodrigo. Predictive control of a permanent magnet synchronous generator connected to an MMC converter in an oscillating water column based power plant. IET Renewable Power Generation. 2020; 14 (2):275-285.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohammad Ebrahim Zarei; Mahima Gupta; Dionisio Ramirez; Fernando Martinez‐Rodrigo. 2020. "Predictive control of a permanent magnet synchronous generator connected to an MMC converter in an oscillating water column based power plant." IET Renewable Power Generation 14, no. 2: 275-285.

Journal article
Published: 26 November 2019 in IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics
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During IGBT breakdowns, the grid side converter (GSC) of a renewable power plant must be disconnected from the grid. In the recent past, topological modifications propose the faulty phase to be connected to the mid-point of the DC bus as a solution. In this configuration, the converter can only generate four vectors. Moreover, since the capacitor voltages carry a voltage ripple at grid frequency, the magnitude and angle of the vectors become variable during post-fault scenarios. Recent model predictive control (MPC) approaches select the vectors to be used in the cost function based on the location of the reference vector in a post-fault unsymmetrical vector diagram or by checking the effect of all of them, which is time consuming. This paper proposes a simplified approach which reduces the computing time by avoiding successive iterations to obtain the correct vector pairs. Furthermore, an approach to rebuild a regular hexagon from the four post-fault vectors is proposed. Hence, the proposed controller retains the advantages of the conventional space vector modulation (SVM) approach with minimal additions to handle post-fault scenarios. Lastly, the paper studies the limitations in the VSC output voltage and power magnitudes during post-fault scenarios. The approaches presented in this paper have been verified using simulation and experimental results.

ACS Style

Mohammad Ebrahim Zarei; Mahima Gupta; Dionisio Ramirez; Fernando Martinez-Rodrigo. Switch Fault Tolerant Model-Based Predictive Control of a VSC Connected to the Grid. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics 2019, 9, 949 -960.

AMA Style

Mohammad Ebrahim Zarei, Mahima Gupta, Dionisio Ramirez, Fernando Martinez-Rodrigo. Switch Fault Tolerant Model-Based Predictive Control of a VSC Connected to the Grid. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics. 2019; 9 (1):949-960.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohammad Ebrahim Zarei; Mahima Gupta; Dionisio Ramirez; Fernando Martinez-Rodrigo. 2019. "Switch Fault Tolerant Model-Based Predictive Control of a VSC Connected to the Grid." IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics 9, no. 1: 949-960.

Journal article
Published: 21 October 2019 in Energies
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The growing level of grid-connected renewable energy sources in the form of microgrids has made it highly imperative for grid-connected microgrids to contribute to the overall system stability. Consequently, secondary services which include the fault ride-through (FRT) capability are expected to be possessed characteristics by inverter-based microgrids. This enhances the stable operation of the main grid and sustained microgrid grid interconnection during grid faults in conformity with the emerging national grid codes. This paper proposes an effective FRT secondary control strategy to coordinate power injection during balanced and unbalanced fault conditions. This complements the primary control to form a two-layer hierarchical control structure in the microgrids. The primary level is comprised of voltage/power and current inner loops fed by a droop control. The droop control coordinates grid power-sharing amongst the voltage source inverters. When a fault occurs, the participating inverters operate to support the grid voltage, by injecting supplementary reactive power based on their droop gains. Similarly, under unbalanced voltage condition due to asymmetrical faults in the grid, the proposed secondary control ensures the positive sequence component compensation and negative and zero sequence components clearance using a delayed signal cancellation (DSC) algorithm and power electronic switched series impedance placed in-between the point of common coupling (PCC) and the main grid. While ensuring that FRT ancillary service is rendered to the main utility, the strategy proposed ensures relatively interrupted quality power is supplied to the microgrid load. Consequently, this strategy ensures the microgrid ride-through the voltage sag and supports the grid utility voltage during the period of the main utility grid fault. Results of the study are presented and discussed.

ACS Style

Elutunji Buraimoh; Innocent E. Davidson; Fernando Martinez-Rodrigo. Fault Ride-Through Enhancement of Grid Supporting Inverter-Based Microgrid Using Delayed Signal Cancellation Algorithm Secondary Control. Energies 2019, 12, 3994 .

AMA Style

Elutunji Buraimoh, Innocent E. Davidson, Fernando Martinez-Rodrigo. Fault Ride-Through Enhancement of Grid Supporting Inverter-Based Microgrid Using Delayed Signal Cancellation Algorithm Secondary Control. Energies. 2019; 12 (20):3994.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elutunji Buraimoh; Innocent E. Davidson; Fernando Martinez-Rodrigo. 2019. "Fault Ride-Through Enhancement of Grid Supporting Inverter-Based Microgrid Using Delayed Signal Cancellation Algorithm Secondary Control." Energies 12, no. 20: 3994.

Journal article
Published: 24 July 2019 in IET Renewable Power Generation
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ACS Style

Dionisio Ramirez; Hugo Mendonça; Marcos Blanco; Fernando Martinez. Non‐linear vector current source for the control of permanent magnet synchronous generators in wave energy applications. IET Renewable Power Generation 2019, 13, 2409 -2417.

AMA Style

Dionisio Ramirez, Hugo Mendonça, Marcos Blanco, Fernando Martinez. Non‐linear vector current source for the control of permanent magnet synchronous generators in wave energy applications. IET Renewable Power Generation. 2019; 13 (13):2409-2417.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dionisio Ramirez; Hugo Mendonça; Marcos Blanco; Fernando Martinez. 2019. "Non‐linear vector current source for the control of permanent magnet synchronous generators in wave energy applications." IET Renewable Power Generation 13, no. 13: 2409-2417.

Journal article
Published: 14 June 2019 in International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems
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Modular multilevel converter (MMC) is a type of electronic converter currently used as voltage source in real HVDC transmission systems. This paper presents, as an alternative, a control system designed to operate an MMC as a nonlinear vector current source (NLVCS). From the design point of view, it features advantages such as constant switching frequency, robustness against grid parameters changes and that the algorithm is entirely designed from space vectors. From the application point of view, the main advantages are its fast dynamic response combined with its capability to handle large amounts of electric power. Together, these two features allow the MMC to deal with highly variable renewable energies. To show the advantages of the proposed control system, it has been chosen a very demanding application: wave energy. In this type of applications, the random nature of the sea produces large and fast variations of the generated power, that enters the DC link and that the grid side converter has to handle very fast, injecting it into the grid in order to maintain the DC voltage constant. The capability of the NLVCS for MMC to handle the energy generated has been tested in two different wave energy applications. Firstly, on a single wave energy converter (WEC), a point absorber. This case is characterized by smaller and faster power changes. Secondly, on a wave farm made up of 200 WECs connected to the grid through an MMC. This case is characterized by much larger but smoother power changes. Wave farms, WECs and MMC are large and sophisticated facilities or devices that are almost impossible to gather in the same laboratory. Consequently, the features of the new control system for MMC and the advantages that provide in the connection of wave energy power plants and point absorbers to the grid has been simulated using detailed models. The results demonstrated the capability of the MMC operating as NLVCS to deal with the fast and random power changes present in renewable energy sources.

ACS Style

F. Martinez-Rodrigo; D. Ramirez; Hugo Mendonca; S. de Pablo. MMC as nonlinear vector current source for grid connection of wave energy generation. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 2019, 113, 686 -698.

AMA Style

F. Martinez-Rodrigo, D. Ramirez, Hugo Mendonca, S. de Pablo. MMC as nonlinear vector current source for grid connection of wave energy generation. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems. 2019; 113 ():686-698.

Chicago/Turabian Style

F. Martinez-Rodrigo; D. Ramirez; Hugo Mendonca; S. de Pablo. 2019. "MMC as nonlinear vector current source for grid connection of wave energy generation." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 113, no. : 686-698.

Journal article
Published: 08 September 2018 in Electric Power Systems Research
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This paper is focused on the modular multilevel converter (MMC) topology that uses the near level control (NLC) method. Specifically, it addresses the relationship between the number of levels or switching modules, the switching frequency and the harmonics superimposed on the generated voltages and currents, making a comparison with the high and medium voltage AC codes. Furthermore, it also assesses the possibility of connecting the MMC to the electrical grid without using any coupling inductor, either using a transformer or simply directly. Finally, it shows how to automate the simulations necessary to select the number of levels and the switching frequency.

ACS Style

Fernando Martinez-Rodrigo; Luis C. Herrero-De Lucas; Santiago De Pablo; Alexis B. Rey-Boué; Dionisio Ramirez. Calculation of the number of modules and the switching frequency of a modular multilevel converter using near level control. Electric Power Systems Research 2018, 165, 68 -83.

AMA Style

Fernando Martinez-Rodrigo, Luis C. Herrero-De Lucas, Santiago De Pablo, Alexis B. Rey-Boué, Dionisio Ramirez. Calculation of the number of modules and the switching frequency of a modular multilevel converter using near level control. Electric Power Systems Research. 2018; 165 ():68-83.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fernando Martinez-Rodrigo; Luis C. Herrero-De Lucas; Santiago De Pablo; Alexis B. Rey-Boué; Dionisio Ramirez. 2018. "Calculation of the number of modules and the switching frequency of a modular multilevel converter using near level control." Electric Power Systems Research 165, no. : 68-83.

Journal article
Published: 11 July 2018 in Electric Power Systems Research
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This paper is about the control of Modular multilevel converters, an innovative technology in the design of converters, which is beginning to be included in real installations. Papers about this topic include simulation models, circulating current reduction, voltage modulators, capacitor voltage balancing and control issues. The scheme for current source regulation used in this article includes all control loops, which are, from the outermost to innermost, DC bus voltage regulator, current regulator, voltage modulator, capacitor voltage balancing, and a PLL for the synchronization to the grid. Disposition-sinusoidal pulse width modulation is used as the voltage modulator, and an enhanced control strategy in the stationary reference frame for 3-phase MMCs is used for the inner current control loops. Very detailed simulations of the complete control system have been performed for both the enhanced control strategy in the stationary reference frame, and the well-known control in the synchronous reference frame, as well as some experiments using the hardware-in-the-loop simulation technique. The validation of these control strategies is made by a comparison of the capability of each one to compensate the harmonic distortions of the utility grid according to the grid code. The correct operation has been tested in the case of a strong/weak grid, unbalances and grid failures.

ACS Style

Alexis B. Rey-Boué; Fernando Martinez-Rodrigo; N.F. Guerrero-Rodríguez; Luis C. Herrero-De Lucas; Santiago De Pablo. Enhanced controller for grid-connected modular multilevel converters in distorted utility grids. Electric Power Systems Research 2018, 163, 310 -327.

AMA Style

Alexis B. Rey-Boué, Fernando Martinez-Rodrigo, N.F. Guerrero-Rodríguez, Luis C. Herrero-De Lucas, Santiago De Pablo. Enhanced controller for grid-connected modular multilevel converters in distorted utility grids. Electric Power Systems Research. 2018; 163 ():310-327.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alexis B. Rey-Boué; Fernando Martinez-Rodrigo; N.F. Guerrero-Rodríguez; Luis C. Herrero-De Lucas; Santiago De Pablo. 2018. "Enhanced controller for grid-connected modular multilevel converters in distorted utility grids." Electric Power Systems Research 163, no. : 310-327.

Review
Published: 26 October 2017 in Energies
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This review article is mainly oriented to the control and applications of modular multilevel converters (MMC). The main topologies of the switching modules are presented, for normal operation and for the elimination of DC faults. Methods to keep the capacitor voltage balanced are included. The voltage and current modulators, that are the most internal loops of control, are detailed. Voltage control and current control schemes are included which regulate DC link voltage and reactive power. The cases of unbalanced and distorted networks are analyzed, and schemes are proposed so that MMC contribute to improve the quality of the grid in these situations. The main applications in high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission along with other medium voltage (MV) and low voltage (LV) applications are included. Finally, the application to offshore wind farms is specifically analyzed.

ACS Style

Fernando Martinez-Rodrigo; Dionisio Ramirez; Alexis B. Rey-Boue; Santiago De Pablo; Luis Carlos Herrero de Lucas. Modular Multilevel Converters: Control and Applications. Energies 2017, 10, 1709 .

AMA Style

Fernando Martinez-Rodrigo, Dionisio Ramirez, Alexis B. Rey-Boue, Santiago De Pablo, Luis Carlos Herrero de Lucas. Modular Multilevel Converters: Control and Applications. Energies. 2017; 10 (11):1709.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fernando Martinez-Rodrigo; Dionisio Ramirez; Alexis B. Rey-Boue; Santiago De Pablo; Luis Carlos Herrero de Lucas. 2017. "Modular Multilevel Converters: Control and Applications." Energies 10, no. 11: 1709.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2017 in Renewable Energy
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ACS Style

Dionisio Ramirez; Fernando Martinez-Rodrigo; Santiago de Pablo; Luis Carlos Herrero de Lucas. Assessment of a non linear current control technique applied to MMC-HVDC during grid disturbances. Renewable Energy 2017, 101, 945 -963.

AMA Style

Dionisio Ramirez, Fernando Martinez-Rodrigo, Santiago de Pablo, Luis Carlos Herrero de Lucas. Assessment of a non linear current control technique applied to MMC-HVDC during grid disturbances. Renewable Energy. 2017; 101 ():945-963.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dionisio Ramirez; Fernando Martinez-Rodrigo; Santiago de Pablo; Luis Carlos Herrero de Lucas. 2017. "Assessment of a non linear current control technique applied to MMC-HVDC during grid disturbances." Renewable Energy 101, no. : 945-963.

Journal article
Published: 16 January 2017 in IEEE Transactions on Education
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This paper examines the question of how to use project-based learning to increase student performance and satisfaction in a power electronics course addressing the topics of dc/dc and dc/ac converters, the assembly of a dc/dc converter, and the use of a commercial speed drive. A detailed presentation of the methodology is shown, and the results are analyzed by comparison to previous academic years and by satisfaction surveys. The new course design applies the jigsaw cooperative learning strategy to have students learn the theory of converters, solve problems, and perform simulations, before carrying out projects that solve real-world problems, such as the power converter for a competition solar vehicle (2014/15 course) and power converters for an air conditioner with inverter technology (2015/16 course). Rubrics were used to evaluate the students' work reports and the simulations. The project deliverables are presented and assessed in two design reviews, the first version covering the design and an open loop simulation, and the second covering the closed loop simulation and verification of specifications.

ACS Style

Fernando Martinez-Rodrigo; Luis Carlos Herrero de Lucas; Santiago de Pablo; Alexis B. Rey-Boué. Using PBL to Improve Educational Outcomes and Student Satisfaction in the Teaching of DC/DC and DC/AC Converters. IEEE Transactions on Education 2017, 60, 229 -237.

AMA Style

Fernando Martinez-Rodrigo, Luis Carlos Herrero de Lucas, Santiago de Pablo, Alexis B. Rey-Boué. Using PBL to Improve Educational Outcomes and Student Satisfaction in the Teaching of DC/DC and DC/AC Converters. IEEE Transactions on Education. 2017; 60 (3):229-237.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fernando Martinez-Rodrigo; Luis Carlos Herrero de Lucas; Santiago de Pablo; Alexis B. Rey-Boué. 2017. "Using PBL to Improve Educational Outcomes and Student Satisfaction in the Teaching of DC/DC and DC/AC Converters." IEEE Transactions on Education 60, no. 3: 229-237.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2015 in Renewable Energy
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ACS Style

Fernando Martinez-Rodrigo; Santiago de Pablo; Luis Carlos Herrero de Lucas. Current control of a modular multilevel converter for HVDC applications. Renewable Energy 2015, 83, 318 -331.

AMA Style

Fernando Martinez-Rodrigo, Santiago de Pablo, Luis Carlos Herrero de Lucas. Current control of a modular multilevel converter for HVDC applications. Renewable Energy. 2015; 83 ():318-331.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fernando Martinez-Rodrigo; Santiago de Pablo; Luis Carlos Herrero de Lucas. 2015. "Current control of a modular multilevel converter for HVDC applications." Renewable Energy 83, no. : 318-331.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2015 in Renewable Energy
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ACS Style

N.F. Guerrero-Rodriguez; Alexis B. Rey-Boué; Luis C. Herrero-De Lucas; Fernando Martinez-Rodrigo. Control and synchronization algorithms for a grid-connected photovoltaic system under harmonic distortions, frequency variations and unbalances. Renewable Energy 2015, 80, 380 -395.

AMA Style

N.F. Guerrero-Rodriguez, Alexis B. Rey-Boué, Luis C. Herrero-De Lucas, Fernando Martinez-Rodrigo. Control and synchronization algorithms for a grid-connected photovoltaic system under harmonic distortions, frequency variations and unbalances. Renewable Energy. 2015; 80 ():380-395.

Chicago/Turabian Style

N.F. Guerrero-Rodriguez; Alexis B. Rey-Boué; Luis C. Herrero-De Lucas; Fernando Martinez-Rodrigo. 2015. "Control and synchronization algorithms for a grid-connected photovoltaic system under harmonic distortions, frequency variations and unbalances." Renewable Energy 80, no. : 380-395.

Book chapter
Published: 02 December 2014 in Numerical Methods for Energy Applications
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This chapter reviews the control systems used to enable STATCOMs to carry out their most important task, which is to deliver reactive power to the electrical grid. Later on, other control systems designed for more advanced applications are discussed, such as compensating the nonlinear loads. Later, the design of the control system when STATCOMs are connected to unbalanced electrical networks is presented. Several strategies are presented for controlling the converter, either as a linear current source which is also known as controlled Voltage Source Converter (VSC) based on the use of Proportional-Integral (PI) controllers, or as nonlinear current source, based on the use of hysteresis bands. Other systems, such as the firing algorithm of the switches or system synchronization with the grid, are also discussed.

ACS Style

Dionisio Ramirez; Luis Carlos Herrero; Santiago De Pablo; Fernando Martínez. STATCOM Control Strategies. Numerical Methods for Energy Applications 2014, 147 -186.

AMA Style

Dionisio Ramirez, Luis Carlos Herrero, Santiago De Pablo, Fernando Martínez. STATCOM Control Strategies. Numerical Methods for Energy Applications. 2014; ():147-186.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dionisio Ramirez; Luis Carlos Herrero; Santiago De Pablo; Fernando Martínez. 2014. "STATCOM Control Strategies." Numerical Methods for Energy Applications , no. : 147-186.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2014 in Renewable Energy
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ACS Style

Fernando Martinez-Rodrigo; L. Carlos Herrero; Santiago De Pablo. Open loop wind turbine emulator. Renewable Energy 2014, 63, 212 -221.

AMA Style

Fernando Martinez-Rodrigo, L. Carlos Herrero, Santiago De Pablo. Open loop wind turbine emulator. Renewable Energy. 2014; 63 ():212-221.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fernando Martinez-Rodrigo; L. Carlos Herrero; Santiago De Pablo. 2014. "Open loop wind turbine emulator." Renewable Energy 63, no. : 212-221.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2011 in Información tecnológica
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Se presenta un nuevo emulador para turbinas eólicas de paso fijo, que permite realizar pruebas de laboratorio de los sistemas de control de los generadores asociados a las turbinas eólicas. La novedad del emulador consiste en utilizar un esquema en lazo abierto. El emulador consiste en el acoplamiento en serie de los siguientes elementos: una fuente de tensión de CC, una resistencia de potencia y un motor de CC. La modificación de la tensión en CC tiene el mismo efecto que la variación de la velocidad del viento en una turbina eólica. Se incluyen: 1) los fundamentos teóricos del emulador, 2) la realización de simulaciones utilizando las aplicaciones informáticas Excel y Matlab/Simulink, y 3) los resultados experimentales obtenidos en una bancada de máquinas eléctricas. Se comprueba que el emulador permite reproducir las curvas de potencia mecánica de una turbina de paso fijo, aunque con ciertas limitaciones a baja velocidad de giro.

ACS Style

Fernando Martinez-Rodrigo; Santiago de Pablo; Luis Cesar Herrero. Emulador de Lazo Abierto para Turbinas Eólicas de Paso Fijo. Información tecnológica 2011, 22, 85 -94.

AMA Style

Fernando Martinez-Rodrigo, Santiago de Pablo, Luis Cesar Herrero. Emulador de Lazo Abierto para Turbinas Eólicas de Paso Fijo. Información tecnológica. 2011; 22 (2):85-94.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fernando Martinez-Rodrigo; Santiago de Pablo; Luis Cesar Herrero. 2011. "Emulador de Lazo Abierto para Turbinas Eólicas de Paso Fijo." Información tecnológica 22, no. 2: 85-94.

Proceedings article
Published: 01 July 2010 in 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics
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A simple algorithm has been developed to control small and large multilevel inverters using Space Vector Modulation. It looks for a suitable hexagon near the reference voltage rather than the usual three nearest vectors. Then, switching vectors and their duty cycles are computed using straightforward equations, independent of the number of levels and easy to use in digital microprocessors. Several simulations have validated this method, finding that these duty cycles are exactly the same than others, computed using more complex methods.

ACS Style

Santiago De Pablo; Alexis B. Rey-Boue; Luis C. Herrero; Fernando Martínez. Hexagon based algorithm for Space Vector Modulation on multilevel voltage source inverters. 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics 2010, 3218 -3223.

AMA Style

Santiago De Pablo, Alexis B. Rey-Boue, Luis C. Herrero, Fernando Martínez. Hexagon based algorithm for Space Vector Modulation on multilevel voltage source inverters. 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics. 2010; ():3218-3223.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Santiago De Pablo; Alexis B. Rey-Boue; Luis C. Herrero; Fernando Martínez. 2010. "Hexagon based algorithm for Space Vector Modulation on multilevel voltage source inverters." 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics , no. : 3218-3223.

Journal article
Published: 25 March 2010 in IEEE Transactions on Education
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Project-based learning (PBL) and cooperative learning are, in various aspects, very superior education methodologies compared to other traditional ones. They are highly appropriate methodologies for elective courses, as they exert a strong attraction on the students, quite apart from their educational advantages. This paper describes how PBL and cooperative learning have been used to teach the topics of power supplies and photovoltaic electricity within two elective undergraduate courses. A project is carried out for each of the two topics. Moodle is used as the e-learning platform to provide the course materials and the wiki resource and to allow the submission of assignments. The simulation is done by means of Simulink. Work has been done to develop skills for project planning, group management of the work, technical document writing and presentations in public. The methodology has been seen to be successful, as all the students who have followed it over the last few years have passed the courses in which it was included, Design of Industrial Applications and Industrial Electronics. Examples of the rubrics for assessing the projects and examples of the projects themselves are also included.

ACS Style

Fernando Martinez-Rodrigo; Luis Carlos Herrero; Santiago de Pablo. Project-Based Learning and Rubrics in the Teaching of Power Supplies and Photovoltaic Electricity. IEEE Transactions on Education 2010, 54, 87 -96.

AMA Style

Fernando Martinez-Rodrigo, Luis Carlos Herrero, Santiago de Pablo. Project-Based Learning and Rubrics in the Teaching of Power Supplies and Photovoltaic Electricity. IEEE Transactions on Education. 2010; 54 (1):87-96.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fernando Martinez-Rodrigo; Luis Carlos Herrero; Santiago de Pablo. 2010. "Project-Based Learning and Rubrics in the Teaching of Power Supplies and Photovoltaic Electricity." IEEE Transactions on Education 54, no. 1: 87-96.