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Antonio García-Olivares
Institute of Marine Sciences, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Ps. Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain

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Journal article
Published: 23 June 2020 in Sustainability
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Europe must move towards a 100% renewable transportation system for climate, energy and sustainability reasons. We estimate the capital and energy required for building and operating a renewable transportation system providing similar services as the EU-28 transport system of 2016. It could be based on: biogas or fuel cell vessels; liquid biogas powered aircrafts; electric railways and fuel cell or electric vehicles between major cities; and car sharing, electric buses and electric two- and three-wheelers, for short journeys. A system of charging posts on the streets and roads for passenger and commercial e-vehicles is studied. Alternatively, a Tracked Electric Vehicle system of continuous power on European roads would improve energy efficiency and the saving of scarce metals (Ni, Li), at a lower cost, if only national roads were electrified. The investment for the construction of the whole system would be 2.3–2.7% of the EU’s GDP per year for 30 years. The new system operation would require 16% less energy than that of 2016, with reduction of 70% in road transport. However, shipping and aviation would demand 162% and 149% more energy, respectively, if liquefied biogas were used as fuel. A type of land transport fully based on trains would provide a similar service to that of an electric vehicle fleet, with a 29% lower energy consumption.

ACS Style

Antonio García-Olivares; Jordi Solé; Roger Samsó; Joaquim Ballabrera-Poy. Sustainable European Transport System in a 100% Renewable Economy. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5091 .

AMA Style

Antonio García-Olivares, Jordi Solé, Roger Samsó, Joaquim Ballabrera-Poy. Sustainable European Transport System in a 100% Renewable Economy. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (12):5091.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonio García-Olivares; Jordi Solé; Roger Samsó; Joaquim Ballabrera-Poy. 2020. "Sustainable European Transport System in a 100% Renewable Economy." Sustainability 12, no. 12: 5091.

Erratum
Published: 16 March 2019 in Energy Conversion and Management
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Antonio García-Olivares; Jordi Solé; Oleg Osychenko. Corrigendum to “Transportation in a 100% renewable energy system” [Energy Conversion and Management 158 (2018) 266–285]. Energy Conversion and Management 2019, 185, 891 .

AMA Style

Antonio García-Olivares, Jordi Solé, Oleg Osychenko. Corrigendum to “Transportation in a 100% renewable energy system” [Energy Conversion and Management 158 (2018) 266–285]. Energy Conversion and Management. 2019; 185 ():891.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonio García-Olivares; Jordi Solé; Oleg Osychenko. 2019. "Corrigendum to “Transportation in a 100% renewable energy system” [Energy Conversion and Management 158 (2018) 266–285]." Energy Conversion and Management 185, no. : 891.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2018 in Renewable Energy
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Jordi Solé; Antonio García-Olivares; Antonio Turiel; Joaquim Ballabrera-Poy. Renewable transitions and the net energy from oil liquids: A scenarios study. Renewable Energy 2018, 116, 258 -271.

AMA Style

Jordi Solé, Antonio García-Olivares, Antonio Turiel, Joaquim Ballabrera-Poy. Renewable transitions and the net energy from oil liquids: A scenarios study. Renewable Energy. 2018; 116 ():258-271.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jordi Solé; Antonio García-Olivares; Antonio Turiel; Joaquim Ballabrera-Poy. 2018. "Renewable transitions and the net energy from oil liquids: A scenarios study." Renewable Energy 116, no. : 258-271.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2018 in Energy Conversion and Management
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A 100% renewable economy would give a lasting solution to the challenges raised by climate change, energy security, sustainability, and pollution. The conversion of the present transport system appears to be one of the most difficult aspects of such renewable transition. This study reviews the technologies and systems that are being proposed or proven as alternative to fossil-fuel based transportation, and their prospects for their entry into the post-carbon era, from both technological and energetic viewpoints. The energetic cost of the transition from the current transportation system into global 100% renewable transportation is estimated, as well as the electrical energy required for the operation of the new renewable transportation sector. A 100% renewable transport providing the same service as global transport in 2014 would demand about 18% less energy. The main reduction is expected in road transport (69%), but the shipping and air sectors would notably increase their consumptions: 163% and 149%, respectively. The analysis concludes that a 100% renewable transportation is feasible, but not necessarily compatible with indefinite increase of resources consumption. The major material and energy limitations and obstacles of each transport sector for this transition are shown.

ACS Style

Antonio García-Olivares; Jordi Solé; Oleg Osychenko. Transportation in a 100% renewable energy system. Energy Conversion and Management 2018, 158, 266 -285.

AMA Style

Antonio García-Olivares, Jordi Solé, Oleg Osychenko. Transportation in a 100% renewable energy system. Energy Conversion and Management. 2018; 158 ():266-285.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonio García-Olivares; Jordi Solé; Oleg Osychenko. 2018. "Transportation in a 100% renewable energy system." Energy Conversion and Management 158, no. : 266-285.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2017 in Science of The Total Environment
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Worldwide tank spills represent 10% of the average annual input of oil in the sea. When such spills arise from wrecks at depth, neutralisation of environmental impacts is difficult to achieve. Extracting oil from sunken tankers is expensive, and, unfortunately, all of the oil cannot be extracted, as the Prestige case demonstrates. We propose an environmentally appropriate, cost-effective and proactive method to stop the long-term problem of leaks from sunken tankers similar to the Prestige. This method confines the wreck with a "sediment" capping of sepiolite mineral that emulates a natural sediment. A set of experiments and simulations shows that sepiolite has the characteristics necessary to accomplish the confinement of any current or future sunken tanker with minimal environmental perturbation.

ACS Style

Antonio García-Olivares; Almudena Agüero; Bernd J. Haupt; María J. Marcos; María V. Villar; José L. De Pablos. A system of containment to prevent oil spills from sunken tankers. Science of The Total Environment 2017, 593-594, 242 -252.

AMA Style

Antonio García-Olivares, Almudena Agüero, Bernd J. Haupt, María J. Marcos, María V. Villar, José L. De Pablos. A system of containment to prevent oil spills from sunken tankers. Science of The Total Environment. 2017; 593-594 ():242-252.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonio García-Olivares; Almudena Agüero; Bernd J. Haupt; María J. Marcos; María V. Villar; José L. De Pablos. 2017. "A system of containment to prevent oil spills from sunken tankers." Science of The Total Environment 593-594, no. : 242-252.

Journal article
Published: 30 September 2016 in Scientia Marina
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A feasible way to avoid the risk of energy decline and to combat climate change is to build a worldwide, 100% renewable energy mix. Renewable energy can be scaled up to the range of 12 electric terawatts (TWe) if 10% of continental shelves are exploited with floating turbines to depths as low as 225 m, 5% of continents with ground turbines, and 5% of the main deserts with concentrating solar power (CSP) farms. However, a globally electrified economy cannot grow much above 12 TWe without approaching the limit of terrestrial copper reserves. New photovoltaic silicon panels do not use silver metallization pastes and could contribute up to 1 TW of decentralized residential power. Hydroelectricity has a potential of 1 TW but a fraction of this would have to be sacrificed for energy storage purposes. Hydro, CSP, wave energy and grid integration at continental scales may be sufficient to fit supply to demand, avoiding intermittency. The renewable energy mix would have an energy return on energy invested about 18, which is 25% lower than the estimated present one. That should be sufficient to sustain an industrialized economy provided that the substitution of electricity for fossil fuels is done intelligently. Una forma posible de evitar el riesgo de declive energético y luchar contra el cambio climático sería construir un sistema energético global 100% renovable. Un sistema de energía renovable (ER) se podría escalar hasta el rango de 12 terawatios de electricidad (TWe) si el 10% de las plataformas continentales fueran explotadas con molinos flotantes hasta profundidades de unos 225 m, 5% de los continentes con turbinas terrestres, y el 5% de los principales desiertos fueran utilizados para estaciones de concentración solar (CSP). Sin embargo, una economía electrificada a nivel mundial no puede crecer muy por encima de 12 TWE sin acercarse al límite de las reservas globales de cobre. Los paneles fotovoltaicos (PV) de silicio más recientes no utilizan metalizaciones de plata y podrían contribuir con hasta 1 TW de energía residencial descentralizada. La hidroelectricidad tiene un potencial de 1 TW aunque una fracción de ello tendría que ser sacrificado con fines de almacenamiento de energía. Hidroelectricidad, CSP, energía de las olas y redes integradas de escala continental pueden ser suficientes para ajustar la oferta a la demanda, evitando la intermitencia. El nuevo mix eléctrico tendría una Tasa de Retorno Energético (TRE) de alrededor de 18, un 25% menos que la TRE actual estimada. Eso debería ser suficiente para sostener una economía industrializada, siempre que la sustitución de los combustibles fósiles por electricidad se haga de forma inteligente.

ACS Style

Antonio García-Olivares. Energy for a sustainable post-carbon society. Scientia Marina 2016, 80, 257 -268.

AMA Style

Antonio García-Olivares. Energy for a sustainable post-carbon society. Scientia Marina. 2016; 80 (S1):257-268.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonio García-Olivares. 2016. "Energy for a sustainable post-carbon society." Scientia Marina 80, no. S1: 257-268.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2015 in Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions
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7 pagesPhotovoltaic (PV) energy is reaching full grid parity in many regions, which can trigger a global deployment of home PV panels and PV systems near municipalities. The scaling-up of conventional crystalline silicon panels to the terawatt range is not feasible due to insufficient global silver reserves. However, recent copper metallization in front and rear contacts of silicon cells avoids the use of silver. This opens the door to a rapid and wide diffusion of PV energy. Intelligent grids allow the integration of decentralized and centralized generators of all types and size. A regional integration based on such grids can compensate the intermittency of PV production with the storage capacity of hydroelectricity and Concentrating Solar Power stations. It makes the best of both systems: local autonomy through home PV and supply stability through large renewable stationsPeer Reviewe

ACS Style

Antonio García-Olivares. Substituting silver in solar photovoltaics is feasible and allows for decentralization in smart regional grids. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions 2015, 17, 15 -21.

AMA Style

Antonio García-Olivares. Substituting silver in solar photovoltaics is feasible and allows for decentralization in smart regional grids. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions. 2015; 17 ():15-21.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonio García-Olivares. 2015. "Substituting silver in solar photovoltaics is feasible and allows for decentralization in smart regional grids." Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions 17, no. : 15-21.

Journal article
Published: 25 November 2015 in Energies
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A feasible way to avoid the risk of energy decline and combat climate change is to build a 100% renewable global energy mix. However, a globally electrified economy cannot grow much above 12 electric terawatts without putting pressure on the limits of finite mineral reserves. Here we analyze whether 12 TW of electricity and 1 TW of biomass (final) power will be able to fuel a future post-carbon economy that can provide similar services to those of a contemporary economy. Contrarily to some pessimistic expectations, this analysis shows that the principle economic processes can be replaced with sustainable alternatives based on electricity, charcoal, biogas and hydrogen. Furthermore, those services that cannot be replaced are not as crucial so as to cause a return to a pre-industrial society. Even so, land transport and aviation are at the limit of what is sustainable, outdoor work should be reorganized, metal primary production should be based on hydrogen reduction when possible, mineral production should be increasingly based on recycling, the petrochemical industry should shrink to a size of 40%–43% of the 2012 petrochemical sector, i.e., a size similar to that the sector had in 1985–1986, and agriculture may require organic farming methods to be sustainable.

ACS Style

Antonio Garciá-Olivares. Substitutability of Electricity and Renewable Materials for Fossil Fuels in a Post-Carbon Economy. Energies 2015, 8, 13308 -13343.

AMA Style

Antonio Garciá-Olivares. Substitutability of Electricity and Renewable Materials for Fossil Fuels in a Post-Carbon Economy. Energies. 2015; 8 (12):13308-13343.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonio Garciá-Olivares. 2015. "Substitutability of Electricity and Renewable Materials for Fossil Fuels in a Post-Carbon Economy." Energies 8, no. 12: 13308-13343.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2015 in Futures
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Special issue Futures of Capitalism.-- 13 pages, 1 table, supplementary data http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/\ud j.futures.2014.09.004The peak of fossil fuels is probably a matter of decades rather than centuries. Setting-up a new energy mix, initially based on renewable primary energy and electrification of the economy, seems unavoidable and it may start a last expansive cycle, but it also will deplete an important fraction of reserves of several crucial minerals. Soon after it, exponential growth of energy and GDP may be no longer possible due to minerals limitations. A general crisis of resilience of global ecosystems has been predicted by 2025-2045 if the current global growth rate is sustained. Under these new circumstances of zero growth and new global problems demanding new solutions, capitalism will face challenges out of its historical work parameters and that will require much more than partial reforms. Nucleation centres of new economic practices may be the cooperative and solidarity-economy movements in synergy with transition towns and virtual communities which, with political mobilizations oriented to maintain past standards of occupation and life quality (expectations of >progress>) may force a transition to some regulated steady-state capitalism. Tendency of the rate of profit to fall under stationary and competitive markets conditions will probably transform this end form of capitalism into a post-capitalist Symbiotic Economy. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.Peer Reviewe

ACS Style

Antonio Garciá-Olivares; Jordi Sole. End of growth and the structural instability of capitalism—From capitalism to a Symbiotic Economy. Futures 2015, 68, 31 -43.

AMA Style

Antonio Garciá-Olivares, Jordi Sole. End of growth and the structural instability of capitalism—From capitalism to a Symbiotic Economy. Futures. 2015; 68 ():31-43.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonio Garciá-Olivares; Jordi Sole. 2015. "End of growth and the structural instability of capitalism—From capitalism to a Symbiotic Economy." Futures 68, no. : 31-43.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2015 in Technological Forecasting and Social Change
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12 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables, 1 annexThe coming fossil fuel peak may cause shortages in energy supplies and major disturbances in the global economy. The forecasts for the future of our way of life are very divergent depending on the prediction used for future human access to energy, and they range between collapse and indefinite growth. The LINEX production function, which depends on energy input, was modified, calibrated and used to model the gross domestic product (GDP) of the US economy under several different energy scenarios after the fossil fuel peak. The effects of information and communication technologies and technological innovation after energetic crises have been also modeled. A future renewable mix of global scale will require the use of a major fraction of the reserves of several important minerals. In this context, a future steady-state economy appears to be the best plausible scenario. Some of the implications and challenges derived from this steady-state economy are discussed. © 2014 Elsevier Inc.This work has been partially supported through the project TIC-MOC (CTM2011-28867) of the R+D Spanish research programPeer Reviewe

ACS Style

Antonio García-Olivares; Joaquim Ballabrera-Poy. Energy and mineral peaks, and a future steady state economy. Technological Forecasting and Social Change 2015, 90, 587 -598.

AMA Style

Antonio García-Olivares, Joaquim Ballabrera-Poy. Energy and mineral peaks, and a future steady state economy. Technological Forecasting and Social Change. 2015; 90 ():587-598.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonio García-Olivares; Joaquim Ballabrera-Poy. 2015. "Energy and mineral peaks, and a future steady state economy." Technological Forecasting and Social Change 90, no. : 587-598.

Journal article
Published: 04 November 2014 in Athenea Digital. Revista de pensamiento e investigación social
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Fernando J. García Selgas; Antonio García Olivares. Para modelizar la fluidez social II: De la cartografía a los modelos complejos de la fluidez social. Athenea Digital. Revista de pensamiento e investigación social 2014, 14, 173 .

AMA Style

Fernando J. García Selgas, Antonio García Olivares. Para modelizar la fluidez social II: De la cartografía a los modelos complejos de la fluidez social. Athenea Digital. Revista de pensamiento e investigación social. 2014; 14 (3):173.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fernando J. García Selgas; Antonio García Olivares. 2014. "Para modelizar la fluidez social II: De la cartografía a los modelos complejos de la fluidez social." Athenea Digital. Revista de pensamiento e investigación social 14, no. 3: 173.

Journal article
Published: 16 June 2014 in Athenea Digital. Revista de pensamiento e investigación social
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Fernando J. García Selgas; Antonio García Olivares. Towards modelling social fluidity I: Theory of social fluidity and theories of complexity. Athenea Digital. Revista de pensamiento e investigación social 2014, 14, 203 .

AMA Style

Fernando J. García Selgas, Antonio García Olivares. Towards modelling social fluidity I: Theory of social fluidity and theories of complexity. Athenea Digital. Revista de pensamiento e investigación social. 2014; 14 (2):203.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fernando J. García Selgas; Antonio García Olivares. 2014. "Towards modelling social fluidity I: Theory of social fluidity and theories of complexity." Athenea Digital. Revista de pensamiento e investigación social 14, no. 2: 203.

Journal article
Published: 06 December 2013 in Climatic Change
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The model of Paillard and Parrenin (Earth Planet Sci Lett 227(3–4):263–271, 2004) has been recently optimized for the last eight glacial cycles, leading to two different relaxation models with model-data correlations between 0.8 and 0.9 (García-Olivares and Herrero (Clim Dyn 1–25, 2012b)). These two models are here used to predict the effect of an anthropogenic CO 2 pulse on the evolution of atmospheric CO 2, global ice volume and Antarctic ice cover during the next 300 kyr. The initial atmospheric CO 2 condition is obtained after a critical data analysis that sets 1300 Gt as the most realistic carbon Ultimate Recoverable Resources (URR), with the help of a global compartmental model to determine the carbon transfer function to the atmosphere. The next 20 kyr will have an abnormally high greenhouse effect which, according to the CO 2 values, will lengthen the present interglacial by some 25 to 33 kyr. This is because the perturbation of the current interglacial will lead to a delay in the future advance of the ice sheet on the Antarctic shelf, causing that the relative maximum of boreal insolation found 65 kyr after present (AP) will not affect the developing glaciation. Instead, it will be the following insolation peak, about 110 kyr AP, which will find an appropriate climatic state to trigger the next deglaciation.

ACS Style

Carmen Herrero; Antonio García-Olivares; Josep Lluís Pelegrí. Impact of anthropogenic CO 2 on the next glacial cycle. Climatic Change 2013, 122, 283 -298.

AMA Style

Carmen Herrero, Antonio García-Olivares, Josep Lluís Pelegrí. Impact of anthropogenic CO 2 on the next glacial cycle. Climatic Change. 2013; 122 (1-2):283-298.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carmen Herrero; Antonio García-Olivares; Josep Lluís Pelegrí. 2013. "Impact of anthropogenic CO 2 on the next glacial cycle." Climatic Change 122, no. 1-2: 283-298.

Regular article
Published: 16 November 2013 in Paleoceanography
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[1] Relaxation‐type models have good skill at reproducing glacial‐interglacial transitions in climatic variables. Here we propose a simple two‐box and two‐state relaxation‐type model for the upper ocean (surface and permanent thermocline layers) where dissolved inorganic carbon/nutrients are supplied by the deep ocean and through remineralization within the upper ocean. The model is tuned using genetic algorithms to simulate the atmospheric CO2 time series for the last four glacial‐interglacial cycles. The fit to the data is very good, with correlations above 0.8, as the upper ocean responds to shifts in (1) the intensity of the meridional overturning circulation, from off to on during the glacial‐interglacial transition, and (2) the size and sign of net primary production, with respiration greatly exceeding primary production during interglacial periods and production larger than respiration during the glacial phase. The glacial‐interglacial transitions are interpreted as shifts between two distinct metabolic states of the Earth system, with high/low supply of dissolved inorganic carbon and nutrients to the productive upper ocean during interglacial/glacial periods.

ACS Style

Josep L. Pelegrí; Patricia De La Fuente; Roger Olivella; Antonio Garciá-Olivares. Global constraints on net primary production and inorganic carbon supply during glacial and interglacial cycles. Paleoceanography 2013, 28, 713 -725.

AMA Style

Josep L. Pelegrí, Patricia De La Fuente, Roger Olivella, Antonio Garciá-Olivares. Global constraints on net primary production and inorganic carbon supply during glacial and interglacial cycles. Paleoceanography. 2013; 28 (4):713-725.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Josep L. Pelegrí; Patricia De La Fuente; Roger Olivella; Antonio Garciá-Olivares. 2013. "Global constraints on net primary production and inorganic carbon supply during glacial and interglacial cycles." Paleoceanography 28, no. 4: 713-725.

Journal article
Published: 18 December 2012 in Climate Dynamics
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The model of Paillard and Parrenin (Earth Planet Sci Lett 227:263–271, 2004) was modified to obtain a closer fit to δ18O and CO2 time series for the last 800 kyr. The model performance can be improved if its CO2 sensitivity to I65 insolation is eliminated and if different response times are assumed for ablation/accumulation of ice. Correlations between simulated and experimental time series for CO2 and ice volume V increase from 0.59 and 0.63 to 0.79 and 0.88, respectively. According to these models, terminations are produced by I65 amplification through CO2-T and T-CO2 feedbacks, in synergy with an extra CO2 contribution from the deep ocean. This contribution is strongly dependent on ice-sheet extent and ice volume (or alternatively, CO2 concentration, which is a good proxy of Antarctic temperature) but is insensitive to Southern Ocean (SO) insolation on 21 February (I60). Change of deep SO state may be the “order parameter” for nonlinear deglacial changes. According to these models, 100 kyr periodicity of glacial cycles arises from the characteristic time of Antarctic ice sheet advance to the continental slope.

ACS Style

Antonio García-Olivares; Carmen Herrero. Simulation of glacial-interglacial cycles by simple relaxation models: consistency with observational results. Climate Dynamics 2012, 41, 1307 -1331.

AMA Style

Antonio García-Olivares, Carmen Herrero. Simulation of glacial-interglacial cycles by simple relaxation models: consistency with observational results. Climate Dynamics. 2012; 41 (5):1307-1331.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonio García-Olivares; Carmen Herrero. 2012. "Simulation of glacial-interglacial cycles by simple relaxation models: consistency with observational results." Climate Dynamics 41, no. 5: 1307-1331.

Conference paper
Published: 30 October 2012 in Proceedings of The 2nd World Sustainability Forum
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The coming peak of fossil fuels may cause shortages in the energy supply and major disturbances on the global economy. The forecasts for the future of our way of life are very divergent depending on the prediction used for the future human access to energy. Steady-state or collapse seems to be the two most probable scenarios for society after the fossil fuel peak and exhaustion of mineral resources that the new energetic mix will require. The LINEX production function, which is dependent on the energy input is used to model the gross domestic product (GDP) of a western economy in several different energetic scenarios after the fossil fuel peak. A future steady-state economy with zero population growth appears as the best possible scenario. Some of the implications and challenges derived from this steady-state economy are discussed.

ACS Style

Antonio García-Olivares; Joaquim Ballabrera. The Peak of Energy and Minerals and the Economic Future. Proceedings of The 2nd World Sustainability Forum 2012, 1 .

AMA Style

Antonio García-Olivares, Joaquim Ballabrera. The Peak of Energy and Minerals and the Economic Future. Proceedings of The 2nd World Sustainability Forum. 2012; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonio García-Olivares; Joaquim Ballabrera. 2012. "The Peak of Energy and Minerals and the Economic Future." Proceedings of The 2nd World Sustainability Forum , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 03 September 2012 in Scientia Marina
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Special volume: Advances in Spanish physical oceanography. Scientia Marina 76(Suppl.1) 2012.-- 10 pages, 4 figures, 1 table[EN] Based on the model of Paillard and Parrenin (2004), several box models that incorporate simple parameterizations of the oceanic CO2 pump were developed. The models’ parameters are calibrated to the d18O and CO2 observational time series available for the last 800 kyr BP. The Paillard model performance may be improved if its CO2 sensitivity to insolation is eliminated and different response times are assumed both for absorption/emission of CO2 and for ablation/accumulation of ice. With these changes the correlations between simulated and experimental time series increase from 0.59 and 0.63 (for CO2 and ice volume V) to 0.77 and 0.88 respectively. Oceanic CO2 pulses of 10 to 20 kyr are found to take place at the beginning of the last nine deglaciations according to this model. The timing of the last nine terminations may also be qualitatively reproduced with a primary production model in which export depends on V. The dependence between CO2 export and V that generates the best fit is not exponential, as expected from some evidences, but a square function. The good model-data fitting suggests that the rate of formation of deep water may be an important factor controlling the oceanic pulse that triggers the deglaciations[ES] Partiendo del modelo de Paillard y Parrenin (2004) se han desarrollado varios modelos que incorporan parametrizaciones simples de la bomba oceánica de CO2. Los parámetros del modelo han sido calibrados a las series experimentales de d18O y CO2 disponibles para los últimos 800 ka. Los resultados del modelo de Paillard pueden ser mejorados si su forzamiento insolación-CO2 es eliminado y se suponen tiempos de respuesta diferentes para la absorción y emisión de CO2 así como para la ablación y la acumulación de hielo. Las correlaciones entre las series simuladas y experimentales se incrementan entonces desde 0.59 a 0.63 (para CO2 y volumen de hielo V) hasta 0.77 y 0.88 respectivamente. Este modelo predice pulsos oceánicos de 10 a 20 ka en el comienzo de las nueve desglaciaciones. La secuencia de desglaciaciones se puede simular cualitativamente también con un modelo de “bombeo biológico” con exportación dependiente de V. La dependencia entre exportación de CO2 y V que genera el mejor ajuste no resultó ser exponencial como se esperaría, sino una función cuadrada. Los buenos ajustes obtenidos sugieren que la tasa de formación de agua profunda puede ser un factor importante que controla el pulso oceánico que dispara las desglaciacionesThis is a contribution to projects MOC-2 (ref. no. CTM2009-06438-C02-01) and TIC-MOC (ref. no. CTM2011-28867) funded by the Spanish R+D Plan 2008-2011Peer reviewe

ACS Style

Antonio Garciá-Olivares; Carmen Herrero. Fitting the last Pleistocene δ18O and CO2 time series with simple box models. Scientia Marina 2012, 76, 209 -218.

AMA Style

Antonio Garciá-Olivares, Carmen Herrero. Fitting the last Pleistocene δ18O and CO2 time series with simple box models. Scientia Marina. 2012; 76 (S1):209-218.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonio Garciá-Olivares; Carmen Herrero. 2012. "Fitting the last Pleistocene δ18O and CO2 time series with simple box models." Scientia Marina 76, no. S1: 209-218.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2012 in Energy Policy
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Special section Modeling Transport (Energy) Demand and Policies.-- 14 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables, 6 appendixA global alternative mix to fossil fuels is proposed, based on proven renewable energy technologies that do not use scarce materials. The mix consists of a combination of onshore and offshore wind turbines, concentrating solar power stations, hydroelectricity and wave power devices attached to the offshore turbines. Solar photovoltaic power could contribute to the mix if its dependence on scarce materials is solved. The most adequate deployment areas for the power stations are studied, as well as the required space. Material requirements are studied for the generation, power transport and for some future transport systems. The order of magnitude of copper, aluminium, neodymium, lithium, nickel, zinc and platinum that may be required for the proposed solution is obtained and compared with available reserves. Overall, the proposed global alternative to fossil fuels seems technically feasible. However, lithium, nickel and platinum could become limiting materials for future vehicles fleet if no global recycling systems were implemented and rechargeable zinc-air batteries would not be developed; 60% of the current copper reserves would have to be employed in the implementation of the proposed solution. Altogether, they may become a long-term physical constraint, preventing the continuation of the usual exponential growth of energy consumption. © 2011 Elsevier LtdPeer Reviewe

ACS Style

Antonio García-Olivares; Joaquim Ballabrera-Poy; Emilio García-Ladona; Antonio Turiel. A global renewable mix with proven technologies and common materials. Energy Policy 2012, 41, 561 -574.

AMA Style

Antonio García-Olivares, Joaquim Ballabrera-Poy, Emilio García-Ladona, Antonio Turiel. A global renewable mix with proven technologies and common materials. Energy Policy. 2012; 41 ():561-574.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonio García-Olivares; Joaquim Ballabrera-Poy; Emilio García-Ladona; Antonio Turiel. 2012. "A global renewable mix with proven technologies and common materials." Energy Policy 41, no. : 561-574.

Journal article
Published: 26 April 2011 in Scientia Marina
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16 pages, 8 figures, 5 tables[EN] The sinking of the supertanker Prestige off the coast of Spain in November 2002 was one of the most devastating oil spills ever worldwide. During any crisis most of the decisions have to be taken with limited information and they can benefit greatly from a rational methodology based on the available information. The main mechanisms involved in oil spill impacts are reviewed and we propose a decision tree based only on scientific criteria and data that are expected to be available in the first moments of an oil spill crisis. In the Prestige crisis, one of the decisions taken was to sail the Prestige out to sea. This paper makes an independent analysis of that decision to illustrate the methodology proposed, which may help decision making in future emergency situations[ES] Conduciendo al Prestige mar adentro. Un análisis independiente. – El hundimiento del petrolero Prestige frente a las costas españolas en noviembre de 2002 ha constituido uno de los vertidos más devastadores producidos en el mundo. Durante una crisis, la mayor parte de las decisiones han de ser tomadas con información limitada y pueden beneficiarse enormemente de una metodología racional que se base en la información disponible. Este artículo revisa los principales mecanismos que afectan al impacto de un vertido de petróleo y propone un árbol de decisión basado sólo en criterios científicos y datos que se puede esperar estarán disponibles en los primeros instantes de una crisis por vertido. En la crisis del Prestige, una de las decisiones tomadas fue la de conducir al barco mar adentro. Este artículo hace un análisis independiente de esa decisión con el fin de ilustrar la metodología propuesta, que puede ayudar a tomar la mejor decisión en futuras situaciones de emergenciaThis work has been realized with the partial support of TOSCA, project cofinanced by European Regional Development Fund, under Med ProgrammePeer reviewe

ACS Style

Antonio Garciá-Olivares; José Luis De Pablos; Rafael Madrigal. Sailing the Prestige out to sea. An independent analysis. Scientia Marina 2011, 75, 533 -548.

AMA Style

Antonio Garciá-Olivares, José Luis De Pablos, Rafael Madrigal. Sailing the Prestige out to sea. An independent analysis. Scientia Marina. 2011; 75 (3):533-548.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonio Garciá-Olivares; José Luis De Pablos; Rafael Madrigal. 2011. "Sailing the Prestige out to sea. An independent analysis." Scientia Marina 75, no. 3: 533-548.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2008 in Journal of Coastal Research
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8 pages, 9 figures, 1 table, 1 appendix.-- Full-text version available Open Access at: http://www.icm.csic.es/files/oce/almacen/papers/AR-2008-29.pdfImages from an Argus beach monitoring station were analyzed to count the number of people on two city beaches in Barcelona (NW Mediterranean) every hour for 4 years. Daily, weekly, seasonal, and interannual user distribution patterns were clearly established. Two different fit models were applied to the data based on a Fourier polynomial and nonlinear criteria, including external factors such as temperature and wind conditions, as well as predisposition factors. Finally, the evolution of beach users was compared with morphological beach changes caused by natural processes and human action. The results demonstrated that video observations provide a suitable method for counting people on the beach that could be useful for a number of coastal management applications.This work was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology within the project PUDEM (REN2003-06637-C02). E. Ojeda is supported by a University Professors Formation grant from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science.Peer reviewe

ACS Style

Jorge Guillén; Antonio Garciá-Olivares; Elena Ojeda; Andrés F Osorio; Òscar Chic; Raul Gonzalez. Long-Term Quantification of Beach Users Using Video Monitoring. Journal of Coastal Research 2008, 246, 1612 -1619.

AMA Style

Jorge Guillén, Antonio Garciá-Olivares, Elena Ojeda, Andrés F Osorio, Òscar Chic, Raul Gonzalez. Long-Term Quantification of Beach Users Using Video Monitoring. Journal of Coastal Research. 2008; 246 (6):1612-1619.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jorge Guillén; Antonio Garciá-Olivares; Elena Ojeda; Andrés F Osorio; Òscar Chic; Raul Gonzalez. 2008. "Long-Term Quantification of Beach Users Using Video Monitoring." Journal of Coastal Research 246, no. 6: 1612-1619.