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The ocean Current FeedBack to the atmosphere (CFB) has been shown to be a unambiguous physical process to achieve proper equilibrium in the Ocean. However its effects on the Western Mediterranean Sea (WMS) are not known. In this study, eddy‐rich coupled ocean‐atmosphere simulations are carried out for the WMS to assess the extent to which CFB alters the WMS circulation and to characterize the low‐level wind and surface stress responses to CFB. By generating conduits of energy from oceanic currents to the atmosphere, CFB slows the mean circulation by about 10% and acts as an oceanic eddy killer, reducing the mesoscale activity by 25% and attenuating the intensity of their intermittency. It also alters the mean barotropic vorticity balance of the WMS Gyre, reducing the role of wind stress curl, nonlinear torque and bottom pressure torque. By reducing the eddy‐mean flow interaction, CFB has a large influence on the properties of the Algerian Current, reducing the presence of standing eddies near Sardinia and improving the realism of the circulation. It also modifies the Alboran Gyres formation and the Northern Current retroflection. Finally, coupling coefficients from the coupled simulations are estimated and are consistent with those for other regions. The CFB coupling coefficients can be used to parameterize the CFB in a forced ocean model. Overall, our results show that, as for other regions, the CFB is another physical mechanism to be considered for the representation of the WMS circulation.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
L. Renault; T. Arsouze; J. Ballabrera‐Poy. On the Influence of the Current Feedback to the Atmosphere on the Western Mediterranean Sea Dynamics. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 2021, 126, 1 .
AMA StyleL. Renault, T. Arsouze, J. Ballabrera‐Poy. On the Influence of the Current Feedback to the Atmosphere on the Western Mediterranean Sea Dynamics. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans. 2021; 126 (1):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleL. Renault; T. Arsouze; J. Ballabrera‐Poy. 2021. "On the Influence of the Current Feedback to the Atmosphere on the Western Mediterranean Sea Dynamics." Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 126, no. 1: 1.
Europe must move towards a 100% renewable transportation system for climate, energy and sustainability reasons. We estimate the capital and energy required for building and operating a renewable transportation system providing similar services as the EU-28 transport system of 2016. It could be based on: biogas or fuel cell vessels; liquid biogas powered aircrafts; electric railways and fuel cell or electric vehicles between major cities; and car sharing, electric buses and electric two- and three-wheelers, for short journeys. A system of charging posts on the streets and roads for passenger and commercial e-vehicles is studied. Alternatively, a Tracked Electric Vehicle system of continuous power on European roads would improve energy efficiency and the saving of scarce metals (Ni, Li), at a lower cost, if only national roads were electrified. The investment for the construction of the whole system would be 2.3–2.7% of the EU’s GDP per year for 30 years. The new system operation would require 16% less energy than that of 2016, with reduction of 70% in road transport. However, shipping and aviation would demand 162% and 149% more energy, respectively, if liquefied biogas were used as fuel. A type of land transport fully based on trains would provide a similar service to that of an electric vehicle fleet, with a 29% lower energy consumption.
Antonio García-Olivares; Jordi Solé; Roger Samsó; Joaquim Ballabrera-Poy. Sustainable European Transport System in a 100% Renewable Economy. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5091 .
AMA StyleAntonio García-Olivares, Jordi Solé, Roger Samsó, Joaquim Ballabrera-Poy. Sustainable European Transport System in a 100% Renewable Economy. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (12):5091.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAntonio García-Olivares; Jordi Solé; Roger Samsó; Joaquim Ballabrera-Poy. 2020. "Sustainable European Transport System in a 100% Renewable Economy." Sustainability 12, no. 12: 5091.
The similarity of mesoscale and submesoscale features observed in different ocean scalars indicates that they undergo some common non-linear processes. As a result of quasi-2D turbulence, complicated patterns of filaments, meanders, and eddies are recognized in remote sensing images. A data fusion method used to improve the quality of one ocean variable using another variable as a template is used here as an extrapolation technique to improve the coverage of daily Aqua MODIS Level-3 chlorophyll maps by using MODIS SST maps as a template. The local correspondence of SST and Chl-a multifractal singularities is granted due to the existence of a common cascade process which makes it possible to use SST data to infer Chl-a concentration where data are lacking. The quality of the inference of Level-4 Chl-a maps is assessed by simulating artificial clouds and comparing reconstructed and original data.
Marta Umbert; Sébastien Guimbard; Joaquim Ballabrera Poy; Antonio Turiel. Synergy between Ocean Variables: Remotely Sensed Surface Temperature and Chlorophyll Concentration Coherence. Remote Sensing 2020, 12, 1153 .
AMA StyleMarta Umbert, Sébastien Guimbard, Joaquim Ballabrera Poy, Antonio Turiel. Synergy between Ocean Variables: Remotely Sensed Surface Temperature and Chlorophyll Concentration Coherence. Remote Sensing. 2020; 12 (7):1153.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarta Umbert; Sébastien Guimbard; Joaquim Ballabrera Poy; Antonio Turiel. 2020. "Synergy between Ocean Variables: Remotely Sensed Surface Temperature and Chlorophyll Concentration Coherence." Remote Sensing 12, no. 7: 1153.
The Arctic Ocean contains only a 1% of the world's ocean water, but the rivers that flow out into it account for the 10% of the volume world's rivers freshwater. The upper layer of fresher water facilitates the creation of sea ice and plays an important role in the position of the jet stream and storms over the northern hemisphere [ISBN, 978-82-7971-097-4]. Remote sensing measurements are of special importance in the Arctic since in situ data is very scarce there. SMOS and SMAP are currently providing sea surface salinity (SSS) measures, but only the product provided by Barcelona Expert Center (BEC) is a dedicated product for the Arctic region. The product that we present in this work is an improvement of the BEC Arctic v2.0. The new version 3.0 has as the primary objective the describing better the river discharges. The spatial grid used is WGS84/NSIDC EASE-Grid 2.0 North for the all stages of the processing chain. This procedure avoids spatial interpolation, favoring the definition of river mouths. The salinity retrieval is based on the Debiased non-bayesian method [doi:10.1016/j.rse.2017.02.023] and similarly to what is done in the processing of altimetric data, SMOS salinity is corrected using a reference calculated from the own SMOS data for each latitude, longitude, pass orientation and antenna measuring position. Arctic v3.0 differs from current method [doi:10.3390/rs10111772] in two important points: the reference is computed for brightness temperature instead of SSS and the antenna has been divided in a more homogeneous grid. Other improvements concern to data filtering and propagation of the radiometric errors to SSS. All these improvements provide level 3 maps less noisy, increasing the effective resolution of salinity gradients. Freshwater gradients are much better resolved than in previous version (Fig. 1). Comparison with JPL SMAP product is also planned as a first step to generate a combined product. This work is funded by ESA Arctic + project and also includes the assimilation of the resulting SSS product in the ocean-sea ice data assimilation system TOPAZ as the next version TOPAZ5. A preliminary study [doi:10.5194/os-2018-163] has been performed concluding that BEC product could be a good candidate to be assimilated by TOPAZ. Moreover, some preliminary tests with a pre-release v3.0 version will start shortly.
Justino Martínezid; Carolina Gabarróid; Veronica Gonzalez-Gambau; Cristina González-Haro; Estrella OlmedoiD; Joaquim Ballabrera-Poy; Antonio TurieliD; Rafael Catany; Manuel AriasiD; Rhiannon Davies; Laurent BertinoiD; Jiping Xie; Roshin P. RajiD; Roberto Sabia; Wenqing Tang; Simon Yueh. Arctic salinity from space: Monitoring the freshwater system. 2019, 1 .
AMA StyleJustino Martínezid, Carolina Gabarróid, Veronica Gonzalez-Gambau, Cristina González-Haro, Estrella OlmedoiD, Joaquim Ballabrera-Poy, Antonio TurieliD, Rafael Catany, Manuel AriasiD, Rhiannon Davies, Laurent BertinoiD, Jiping Xie, Roshin P. RajiD, Roberto Sabia, Wenqing Tang, Simon Yueh. Arctic salinity from space: Monitoring the freshwater system. . 2019; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJustino Martínezid; Carolina Gabarróid; Veronica Gonzalez-Gambau; Cristina González-Haro; Estrella OlmedoiD; Joaquim Ballabrera-Poy; Antonio TurieliD; Rafael Catany; Manuel AriasiD; Rhiannon Davies; Laurent BertinoiD; Jiping Xie; Roshin P. RajiD; Roberto Sabia; Wenqing Tang; Simon Yueh. 2019. "Arctic salinity from space: Monitoring the freshwater system." , no. : 1.
This study demonstrates the positive impact of including gridded Aquarius and SMAP sea surface salinity (SSS) into initialization of intermediate complexity coupled model forecasts for the tropical Indo‐Pacific. An experiment that assimilates conventional ocean observations serves as the control. In a separate experiment, Aquarius and SMAP satellite SSS are additionally assimilated into the coupled model initialization. Analysis of the initialization differences with the control indicates that SSS assimilation causes a freshening and shallowing of the mixed layer depth (MLD) near the equator and enhanced Kelvin wave amplitude. For each month from September 2011 to September 2017, 12 month coupled ENSO forecasts are initialized from both the control and satellite SSS assimilation experiments. The experiment assimilating Aquarius and SMAP SSS significantly outperforms the control relative to observed NINO3.4 sea surface temperature anomalies. This work highlights the potential importance of inclusion of satellite SSS for improving the initialization of operational ENSO coupled forecasts.
Eric C. Hackert; Robin M. Kovach; Antonio J. Busalacchi; Joaquim Ballabrera‐Poy. Impact of Aquarius and SMAP Satellite Sea Surface Salinity Observations on Coupled El Niño/Southern Oscillation Forecasts. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 2019, 124, 4546 -4556.
AMA StyleEric C. Hackert, Robin M. Kovach, Antonio J. Busalacchi, Joaquim Ballabrera‐Poy. Impact of Aquarius and SMAP Satellite Sea Surface Salinity Observations on Coupled El Niño/Southern Oscillation Forecasts. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans. 2019; 124 (7):4546-4556.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEric C. Hackert; Robin M. Kovach; Antonio J. Busalacchi; Joaquim Ballabrera‐Poy. 2019. "Impact of Aquarius and SMAP Satellite Sea Surface Salinity Observations on Coupled El Niño/Southern Oscillation Forecasts." Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 124, no. 7: 4546-4556.
The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper
Estrella Olmedo; Carolina Gabarró; Verónica González-Gambau; Justino Martínez; Joaquim Ballabrera-Poy; Antonio Turiel; Marcos Portabella; Severine Fournier; Tong Lee. Correction: Olmedo, E., et al. Seven Years of SMOS Sea Surface Salinity at High Latitudes: Variability in Arctic and Sub-Arctic Regions. Remote Sensing 2018, 10, 1772. Remote Sensing 2019, 11, 940 .
AMA StyleEstrella Olmedo, Carolina Gabarró, Verónica González-Gambau, Justino Martínez, Joaquim Ballabrera-Poy, Antonio Turiel, Marcos Portabella, Severine Fournier, Tong Lee. Correction: Olmedo, E., et al. Seven Years of SMOS Sea Surface Salinity at High Latitudes: Variability in Arctic and Sub-Arctic Regions. Remote Sensing 2018, 10, 1772. Remote Sensing. 2019; 11 (8):940.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEstrella Olmedo; Carolina Gabarró; Verónica González-Gambau; Justino Martínez; Joaquim Ballabrera-Poy; Antonio Turiel; Marcos Portabella; Severine Fournier; Tong Lee. 2019. "Correction: Olmedo, E., et al. Seven Years of SMOS Sea Surface Salinity at High Latitudes: Variability in Arctic and Sub-Arctic Regions. Remote Sensing 2018, 10, 1772." Remote Sensing 11, no. 8: 940.
Estrella Olmedo; Veronica Gonzalez-Gambau; Antonio Turiel; Justino Martinez; Carolina Gabarro; Marcos Portabella; Joaquim Ballabrera-Poy; Manuel Arias; Roberto Sabia; Roger Oliva. Empirical Characterization of the SMOS Brightness Temperature Bias and Uncertainty for Improving Sea Surface Salinity Retrieval. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing 2019, 12, 2486 -2503.
AMA StyleEstrella Olmedo, Veronica Gonzalez-Gambau, Antonio Turiel, Justino Martinez, Carolina Gabarro, Marcos Portabella, Joaquim Ballabrera-Poy, Manuel Arias, Roberto Sabia, Roger Oliva. Empirical Characterization of the SMOS Brightness Temperature Bias and Uncertainty for Improving Sea Surface Salinity Retrieval. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing. 2019; 12 (7):2486-2503.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEstrella Olmedo; Veronica Gonzalez-Gambau; Antonio Turiel; Justino Martinez; Carolina Gabarro; Marcos Portabella; Joaquim Ballabrera-Poy; Manuel Arias; Roberto Sabia; Roger Oliva. 2019. "Empirical Characterization of the SMOS Brightness Temperature Bias and Uncertainty for Improving Sea Surface Salinity Retrieval." IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing 12, no. 7: 2486-2503.
Soil moisture observations are expected to play an important role in monitoring global climate trends. However, measuring soil moisture is challenging because of its high spatial and temporal variability. Point-scale in-situ measurements are scarce and, excluding model-based estimates, remote sensing remains the only practical way to observe soil moisture at a global scale. The ESA-led Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission, launched in 2009, measures the Earth’s surface natural emissivity at L-band and provides highly accurate soil moisture information with a 3-day revisiting time. Using the first six full annual cycles of SMOS measurements (June 2010–June 2016), this study investigates the temporal variability of global surface soil moisture. The soil moisture time series are decomposed into a linear trend, interannual, seasonal, and high-frequency residual (i.e., subseasonal) components. The relative distribution of soil moisture variance among its temporal components is first illustrated at selected target sites representative of terrestrial biomes with distinct vegetation type and seasonality. A comparison with GLDAS-Noah and ERA5 modeled soil moisture at these sites shows general agreement in terms of temporal phase except in areas with limited temporal coverage in winter season due to snow. A comparison with ground-based estimates at one of the sites shows good agreement of both temporal phase and absolute magnitude. A global assessment of the dominant features and spatial distribution of soil moisture variability is then provided. Results show that, despite still being a relatively short data set, SMOS data provides coherent and reliable variability patterns at both seasonal and interannual scales. Subseasonal components are characterized as white noise. The observed linear trends, based upon one strong El Niño event in 2016, are consistent with the known El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) teleconnections. This work provides new insight into recent changes in surface soil moisture and can help further our understanding of the terrestrial branch of the water cycle and of global patterns of climate anomalies. Also, it is an important support to multi-decadal soil moisture observational data records, hydrological studies and land data assimilation projects using remotely sensed observations.
Maria Piles; Joaquim Ballabrera-Poy; Joaquín Muñoz-Sabater. Dominant Features of Global Surface Soil Moisture Variability Observed by the SMOS Satellite. Remote Sensing 2019, 11, 95 .
AMA StyleMaria Piles, Joaquim Ballabrera-Poy, Joaquín Muñoz-Sabater. Dominant Features of Global Surface Soil Moisture Variability Observed by the SMOS Satellite. Remote Sensing. 2019; 11 (1):95.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Piles; Joaquim Ballabrera-Poy; Joaquín Muñoz-Sabater. 2019. "Dominant Features of Global Surface Soil Moisture Variability Observed by the SMOS Satellite." Remote Sensing 11, no. 1: 95.
This paper aims to present and assess the quality of seven years (2011–2017) of 25 km nine-day Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) objectively analyzed maps in the Arctic and sub-Arctic oceans ( 50 ∘ N– 90 ∘ N). The SMOS SSS maps presented in this work are an improved version of the preliminary three-year dataset generated and freely distributed by the Barcelona Expert Center. In this new version, a time-dependent bias correction has been applied to mitigate the seasonal bias that affected the previous SSS maps. An extensive database of in situ data (Argo floats and thermosalinograph measurements) has been used for assessing the accuracy of this product. The standard deviation of the difference between the new SMOS SSS maps and Argo SSS ranges from 0.25 and 0.35. The major features of the inter-annual SSS variations observed by the thermosalinographs are also captured by the SMOS SSS maps. However, the validation in some regions of the Arctic Ocean has not been feasible because of the lack of in situ data. In those regions, qualitative comparisons with SSS provided by models and the remotely sensed SSS provided by Aquarius and SMAP have been performed. Despite the differences between SMOS and SMAP, both datasets show consistent SSS variations with respect to the model and the river discharge in situ data, but present a larger dynamic range than that of the model. This result suggests that, in those regions, the use of the remotely sensed SSS may help to improve the models.
Estrella Olmedo; Carolina Gabarró; Verónica González-Gambau; Justino Martínez; Joaquim Ballabrera-Poy; Antonio Turiel; Marcos Portabella; Severine Fournier; Tong Lee. Seven Years of SMOS Sea Surface Salinity at High Latitudes: Variability in Arctic and Sub-Arctic Regions. Remote Sensing 2018, 10, 1772 .
AMA StyleEstrella Olmedo, Carolina Gabarró, Verónica González-Gambau, Justino Martínez, Joaquim Ballabrera-Poy, Antonio Turiel, Marcos Portabella, Severine Fournier, Tong Lee. Seven Years of SMOS Sea Surface Salinity at High Latitudes: Variability in Arctic and Sub-Arctic Regions. Remote Sensing. 2018; 10 (11):1772.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEstrella Olmedo; Carolina Gabarró; Verónica González-Gambau; Justino Martínez; Joaquim Ballabrera-Poy; Antonio Turiel; Marcos Portabella; Severine Fournier; Tong Lee. 2018. "Seven Years of SMOS Sea Surface Salinity at High Latitudes: Variability in Arctic and Sub-Arctic Regions." Remote Sensing 10, no. 11: 1772.
The Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) and Aquarius satellite missions have produced the first sea-surface salinity (SSS) maps from space. The quality of the retrieved SSS must be assessed, in terms of its validation against sparse ground truth, but also in terms of its ability to detect and characterize geophysical processes, such as mesoscale features. Such characterization is sometimes elusive due to the presence of noise and processing artifacts that continue to affect state-of-the-art remote sensing SSS maps. A new method, based on singularity analysis, is proposed to contribute to the assessment of the geophysical characteristics of such maps. Singularity analysis can be used to directly assess the spatial consistency of the SSS fields and to improve the estimation of the wavenumber spectra slope through a new method, the singularity power spectra (SPS). To demonstrate the SPS performance and utility, we applied SPS to different gridded SSS maps, such as SMOS and Aquarius high-level products, the output of a numerical simulation, in situ reanalysis, and climatology, as well as to other sea-surface temperature products for reference. The singularity analysis and SPS methods reveal that both the SMOS level 4 and the Aquarius combined active passive products are both able to describe the geometry of the existing geophysical structures and provide consistent spectral slopes. This paper demonstrates that beyond the remaining sources of uncertainty in remote sensing SSS products, valuable dynamical information on the ocean state can be extracted from these SSS products.
Nina Hoareau; Antonio Turiel; Marcos Portabella; Joaquim Ballabrera-Poy; Jur Vogelzang. Singularity Power Spectra: A Method to Assess Geophysical Consistency of Gridded Products—Application to Sea-Surface Salinity Remote Sensing Maps. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 2018, 56, 5525 -5536.
AMA StyleNina Hoareau, Antonio Turiel, Marcos Portabella, Joaquim Ballabrera-Poy, Jur Vogelzang. Singularity Power Spectra: A Method to Assess Geophysical Consistency of Gridded Products—Application to Sea-Surface Salinity Remote Sensing Maps. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing. 2018; 56 (9):5525-5536.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNina Hoareau; Antonio Turiel; Marcos Portabella; Joaquim Ballabrera-Poy; Jur Vogelzang. 2018. "Singularity Power Spectra: A Method to Assess Geophysical Consistency of Gridded Products—Application to Sea-Surface Salinity Remote Sensing Maps." IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 56, no. 9: 5525-5536.
Jordi Solé; Antonio García-Olivares; Antonio Turiel; Joaquim Ballabrera-Poy. Renewable transitions and the net energy from oil liquids: A scenarios study. Renewable Energy 2018, 116, 258 -271.
AMA StyleJordi Solé, Antonio García-Olivares, Antonio Turiel, Joaquim Ballabrera-Poy. Renewable transitions and the net energy from oil liquids: A scenarios study. Renewable Energy. 2018; 116 ():258-271.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJordi Solé; Antonio García-Olivares; Antonio Turiel; Joaquim Ballabrera-Poy. 2018. "Renewable transitions and the net energy from oil liquids: A scenarios study." Renewable Energy 116, no. : 258-271.
Ocean currents play a key role in Earth's climate – they impact almost any process taking place in the ocean and are of major importance for navigation and human activities at sea. Nevertheless, their observation and forecasting are still difficult. First, no observing system is able to provide direct measurements of global ocean currents on synoptic scales. Consequently, it has been necessary to use sea surface height and sea surface temperature measurements and refer to dynamical frameworks to derive the velocity field. Second, the assimilation of the velocity field into numerical models of ocean circulation is difficult mainly due to lack of data. Recent experiments that assimilate coastal-based radar data have shown that ocean currents will contribute to increasing the forecast skill of surface currents, but require application in multidata assimilation approaches to better identify the thermohaline structure of the ocean. In this paper we review the current knowledge in these fields and provide a global and systematic view of the technologies to retrieve ocean velocities in the upper ocean and the available approaches to assimilate this information into ocean models.
Jordi Isern-Fontanet; Joaquim Ballabrera-Poy; Antonio Turiel; Emilio García-Ladona. Remote sensing of ocean surface currents: a review of what is being observed and what is being assimilated. Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics 2017, 24, 613 -643.
AMA StyleJordi Isern-Fontanet, Joaquim Ballabrera-Poy, Antonio Turiel, Emilio García-Ladona. Remote sensing of ocean surface currents: a review of what is being observed and what is being assimilated. Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics. 2017; 24 (4):613-643.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJordi Isern-Fontanet; Joaquim Ballabrera-Poy; Antonio Turiel; Emilio García-Ladona. 2017. "Remote sensing of ocean surface currents: a review of what is being observed and what is being assimilated." Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics 24, no. 4: 613-643.
24 pages, 18 figures, 5 tablesThe Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission has provided a unique remote sensing capability for observing key variables of the hydrological cycle, such as the Sea Surface Salinity (SSS). However, due to some limitations related to the instrument interferometric concept and its challenging data processing, SMOS SSS maps still display significant artifacts and biases, especially close to the coast, mainly due to the presence of Radio Frequency Interferences (RFI) and Land-sea contamination (LSC). In this paper, a new methodology for filtering salinity retrievals and correcting for spatial biases is introduced and validatedThis work has been funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy through the National R+D Plan by means of Promises project ESP2015-67549-C3 and previous grants. The validation has been done with the support of the FP7-SPACE E-AIMS project (grant agreement 312642)Peer Reviewe
Estrella Olmedo; Justino Martínez; Antonio Turiel; Joaquim Ballabrera-Poy; Marcos Portabella. Debiased non-Bayesian retrieval: A novel approach to SMOS Sea Surface Salinity. Remote Sensing of Environment 2017, 193, 103 -126.
AMA StyleEstrella Olmedo, Justino Martínez, Antonio Turiel, Joaquim Ballabrera-Poy, Marcos Portabella. Debiased non-Bayesian retrieval: A novel approach to SMOS Sea Surface Salinity. Remote Sensing of Environment. 2017; 193 ():103-126.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEstrella Olmedo; Justino Martínez; Antonio Turiel; Joaquim Ballabrera-Poy; Marcos Portabella. 2017. "Debiased non-Bayesian retrieval: A novel approach to SMOS Sea Surface Salinity." Remote Sensing of Environment 193, no. : 103-126.
Ocean currents play a key role in Earth’s climate, they are of major importance for navigation and human activities at sea, and impact almost all processes that take place in the ocean. Nevertheless, their observation and forecasting are still difficult. First, direct measurements of ocean currents are difficult to obtain synoptically at global scale. Consequently, it has been necessary to use Sea Surface Height and Sea Surface Temperature measurements and refer to dynamical frameworks to derive the velocity field. Second, the assimilation of the velocity field into numerical models of ocean circulation is difficult mainly due to lack of data. Recent experiments assimilating coastal-based radar data have shown that ocean currents will contribute to increase the forecast skill of surface currents, but require to be applied in multi-data assimilation approaches to allow better identification of the thermohaline structure of the ocean. In this paper we review the current knowledge on these fields and provide global and systematic view on the technologies to retrieve ocean velocities in the upper ocean and the available approaches to assimilate this information into ocean model.
Jordi Isern-Fontanet; Joaquim Ballabrera-Poy; Antonio Turiel; Emilio García-Ladona. Retrieval and assimilation of velocities at the ocean surface. 2017, 2017, 1 -38.
AMA StyleJordi Isern-Fontanet, Joaquim Ballabrera-Poy, Antonio Turiel, Emilio García-Ladona. Retrieval and assimilation of velocities at the ocean surface. . 2017; 2017 ():1-38.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJordi Isern-Fontanet; Joaquim Ballabrera-Poy; Antonio Turiel; Emilio García-Ladona. 2017. "Retrieval and assimilation of velocities at the ocean surface." 2017, no. : 1-38.
This work is devoted to describe the new processing techniques that are being conceived, developed and implemented at the Barcelona Expert Centre (BEC) for the generation of sea surface salinity (SSS) maps from the Soil Mooisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission. Several algorithms to mitigate the ripples and sidelobes present in the SMOS brightness temperature (TB) images, to characterize the spatial correlations in the SMOS antennas, to correct for the systematic SSS-derived biases, and to improve the spatial and temporal resolution of the SSS products, have been recently developed and are presented in this paper.
A. Turiel; V. Gonzalez-Gambau; Estrella Olmedo; J. Martinez; Joaquim Ballabrera-Poy; Marcos Portabella. On the enhancement of the SMOS salinity products at CP34-BEC: From L0 to L4. 2016 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) 2016, 296 -298.
AMA StyleA. Turiel, V. Gonzalez-Gambau, Estrella Olmedo, J. Martinez, Joaquim Ballabrera-Poy, Marcos Portabella. On the enhancement of the SMOS salinity products at CP34-BEC: From L0 to L4. 2016 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS). 2016; ():296-298.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. Turiel; V. Gonzalez-Gambau; Estrella Olmedo; J. Martinez; Joaquim Ballabrera-Poy; Marcos Portabella. 2016. "On the enhancement of the SMOS salinity products at CP34-BEC: From L0 to L4." 2016 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) , no. : 296-298.
New ocean products from the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission are being developed at the Barcelona Expert Centre. Besides the already operational 9-day and monthly sea surface salinity (SSS) products, two additional daily SSS products have been recently become operational: a simple user-friendly product containing all swath-based Level 2 data for each day, and a more elaborated product that uses multifractal fusion techniques to increase the spatial and temporal resolution. Finally, experimental BEC products are also presented which provide SSS values in regions strongly affected by radio-frequency interference (RFI). Recent progress on Land-Sea contamination mitigation has been applied to the BEC products.
Estrella Olmedo; A. Turiel; Joaquim Ballabrera-Poy; J. Martinez; Marcos Portabella; V. Gonzalez-Gambau; C. Gabarro; F. Perez; N. Hoareau; Maria Piles; J. Font. New SMOS salinity products at CP34-BEC in Barcelona. 2016 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) 2016, 4005 -4007.
AMA StyleEstrella Olmedo, A. Turiel, Joaquim Ballabrera-Poy, J. Martinez, Marcos Portabella, V. Gonzalez-Gambau, C. Gabarro, F. Perez, N. Hoareau, Maria Piles, J. Font. New SMOS salinity products at CP34-BEC in Barcelona. 2016 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS). 2016; ():4005-4007.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEstrella Olmedo; A. Turiel; Joaquim Ballabrera-Poy; J. Martinez; Marcos Portabella; V. Gonzalez-Gambau; C. Gabarro; F. Perez; N. Hoareau; Maria Piles; J. Font. 2016. "New SMOS salinity products at CP34-BEC in Barcelona." 2016 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) , no. : 4005-4007.
This article summarizes some of the activities in which Jordi Font, research professor and head of the Department of Physical and Technological Oceanography, Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC, Spanish National Research Council) in Barcelona, has been involved as co-Principal Investigator for Ocean Salinity of the European Space Agency Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) Earth Explorer Mission from the perspective of the Remote Sensing Lab at the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. We have probably left out some of his many contributions to salinity remote sensing, but we hope that this review will give an idea of the importance of his work. We focus on the following issues: 1) the new accurate measurements of the sea water dielectric constant, 2) the WISE and EuroSTARRS field experiments that helped to define the geophysical model function relating brightness temperature to sea state, 3) the FROG 2003 field experiment that helped to understand the emission of sea foam, 4) GNSS-R techniques for improving sea surface salinity retrieval, 5) instrument characterization campaigns, and 6) the operational implementation of the Processing Centre of Levels 3 and 4 at the SMOS Barcelona Expert Centre. Este artículo resume algunas de las actividades en las que Jordi Font, profesor de investigación y jefe del Departamento de Física y Tecnología Oceanográfica, del Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC) en Barcelona, ha estado desarrollando como co-Investigador Principal de la parte de la misión SMOS de la ESA, una misión Earth Explorer, desde la perspectiva del Remote Sensing Lab, de la Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Seguramente, estamos olvidando algunas de sus muchas contribuciones a la teledetección de la salinidad, pero esperamos que esta revisión dé una idea de la importancia de su trabajo. Este artículo se focaliza en los siguientes puntos: 1) las medidas de alta calidad de la constante dieléctrica del agua marina, 2) las campañas de medidas WISE y EuroSTARRS que ayudaron a la definición del modelo geofísico relacionando la temperatura de brillo con el estado del mar, 3) la campaña de medidas FROG 2003 que ayudó a entender la emisión de la espuma marina 4) presentación de las técnicas de GNSS-R para la mejora de la recuperación de la salinidad superficial 5) campañas para la caracterización del instrumento y 6) la implantación del centro de procesado operacional de niveles 3 y 4 en el SMOS Barcelona Expert Centre.
Adriano Camps; Carolina Gabarró; Mercè Vall-Llossera; Sebastià Blanch; Albert Aguasca; Francesc Torres; Ignasi Corbella; Nuria Duffo; Antonio Turiel; Marcos Portabella; Joaquim Ballabrera-Poy; Verónica González-Gambau; Justino Martínez; Ramón Villarino; Luís Enrique; Alessandra Monerris; Xavier Bosch; Roberto Sabia; Marco Talone; Maria Piles; Miriam Pablos; Enric Valencia. From field experiments to salinity products: a tribute to the contributions of Jordi Font to the SMOS mission. Scientia Marina 2016, 80, 159 -172.
AMA StyleAdriano Camps, Carolina Gabarró, Mercè Vall-Llossera, Sebastià Blanch, Albert Aguasca, Francesc Torres, Ignasi Corbella, Nuria Duffo, Antonio Turiel, Marcos Portabella, Joaquim Ballabrera-Poy, Verónica González-Gambau, Justino Martínez, Ramón Villarino, Luís Enrique, Alessandra Monerris, Xavier Bosch, Roberto Sabia, Marco Talone, Maria Piles, Miriam Pablos, Enric Valencia. From field experiments to salinity products: a tribute to the contributions of Jordi Font to the SMOS mission. Scientia Marina. 2016; 80 (S1):159-172.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdriano Camps; Carolina Gabarró; Mercè Vall-Llossera; Sebastià Blanch; Albert Aguasca; Francesc Torres; Ignasi Corbella; Nuria Duffo; Antonio Turiel; Marcos Portabella; Joaquim Ballabrera-Poy; Verónica González-Gambau; Justino Martínez; Ramón Villarino; Luís Enrique; Alessandra Monerris; Xavier Bosch; Roberto Sabia; Marco Talone; Maria Piles; Miriam Pablos; Enric Valencia. 2016. "From field experiments to salinity products: a tribute to the contributions of Jordi Font to the SMOS mission." Scientia Marina 80, no. S1: 159-172.
Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) is the first satellite mission capable of measuring sea surface salinity and soil moisture from space. Its novel instrument (the L-band radiometer MIRAS) has required the development of new algorithms to process SMOS data, a challenging task due to many processing issues and the difficulties inherent in a new technology. In the wake of SMOS, a new community of users has grown, requesting new products and applications, and extending the interest in this novel brand of satellite services. This paper reviews the role played by the Barcelona Expert Centre under the direction of Jordi Font, SMOS co-principal investigator. The main scientific activities and achievements and the future directions are discussed, highlighting the importance of the oceanographic applications of the mission. SMOS es la primera misión capaz de medir la salinidad superficial del mar y la humedad del suelo desde el espacio. La novedad del instrumento que SMOS lleva a bordo (MIRAS, un radiómetro interferométrico en dos dimensiones que trabaja en banda L) ha implicado el desarrollo de nuevos algoritmos para el procesado de los datos obtenidos. Esto ha supuesto todo un reto, no sólo tecnológico sino también científico, puesto que ha sido necesario abordar diferentes cuestiones inherentes al uso de una nueva tecnología. A raíz del lanzamiento de SMOS, ha surgido una nueva comunidad de usuarios con la correspondiente demanda de nuevos productos y aplicaciones, y un interés creciente en este tipo de nuevos servicios satelitales. En este artículo, se detallan las funciones desempeñadas por el BEC (Barcelona Expert Centre) en la misión SMOS, bajo la dirección de Jordi Font, investigador principal de la parte de salinidad de la misión. Asimismo, también quedan reflejadas las principales actividades de investigación llevadas a cabo en este centro, los logros conseguidos y las futuras líneas de trabajo, destacando la importancia de las aplicaciones oceanográficas de los datos de SMOS.
Antonio Turiel; Maria Piles; Verónica González-Gambau; Joaquim Ballabrera-Poy; Carolina Gabarró; Justino Martinez; Estrella Olmedo; Marcos Portabella; Fernando Pérez; Jordi Solé. 2000 days of SMOS at the Barcelona Expert Centre: a tribute to the work of Jordi Font. Scientia Marina 2016, 80, 173 -193.
AMA StyleAntonio Turiel, Maria Piles, Verónica González-Gambau, Joaquim Ballabrera-Poy, Carolina Gabarró, Justino Martinez, Estrella Olmedo, Marcos Portabella, Fernando Pérez, Jordi Solé. 2000 days of SMOS at the Barcelona Expert Centre: a tribute to the work of Jordi Font. Scientia Marina. 2016; 80 (S1):173-193.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAntonio Turiel; Maria Piles; Verónica González-Gambau; Joaquim Ballabrera-Poy; Carolina Gabarró; Justino Martinez; Estrella Olmedo; Marcos Portabella; Fernando Pérez; Jordi Solé. 2016. "2000 days of SMOS at the Barcelona Expert Centre: a tribute to the work of Jordi Font." Scientia Marina 80, no. S1: 173-193.
In this work we focus on the Alboran Sea (western Mediterranean) to relate wind field and ocean velocity variability with chlorophyll a (Chl a ) behaviour, using a 2-km resolution, coupled 3D ocean circulation-NPZD model (ROMS). The analysis is done in three steps. First, we split the seasonal and residual contribution for the fields under study. Second, we calculate the corresponding empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) for the seasonal and residual parts. Finally, we relate each pair of variables for both seasonal and residual contribution EOFs. The results reported here allow the links between wind and Chl a to be quantified. We explain these links in terms of the ocean velocity field acting as a driver of Chl a variability. The results show that, although the seasonal part of the Chl a field is modulated by the vertical velocity, the residual component is modulated by the horizontal velocity components. Vertical velocities are responsible, through coastal upwelling, for Chl a bloom enhancement, while horizontal velocities spread coastal Chl a surface blooms off-shore. En este trabajo nos centramos en el mar de Alborán (Mediterráneo Occidental) para relacionar los campos de velocidad del viento y del océano con la variabilidad de la clorofila a (Chl a ), utilizando un modelo de circulación 3D-NPZD (ROMS-Fennel) con una resolución de 2 km. El análisis se realiza en tres pasos. En primer lugar, separamos la contribución estacional y el residuo para todos los campos de estudio. En segundo lugar, calculamos las correspondientes funciones ortogonales empíricas (EOFs) para las components estacionales y residuales. Por último, relacionamos cada par de variables para ambos, EOFs estacionales y residuales. Los resultados permiten la cuantificación de las relaciones entre el viento y la clorofila. Explicamos estas relaciones en términos del campo de velocidades del océano que actúa como motor de la variabilidad de la Chl a . Los resultados muestran que, aunque la parte estacional de campo Chl a es modulada por la velocidad vertical, la componente residual es modulada por las componentes de la velocidad horizontal. Las velocidades verticales son responsables, a través de la surgencia costera, de incrementar el valor de la proliferación de Chl a , mientras que las velocidades horizontales extienden estas proliferaciones costeras superficiales a mar abierto.
Jordi Solé; Joaquim Ballabrera-Poy; Diego Macías; Ignacio A. Catalán. The role of ocean velocity in chlorophyll variability. A modelling study in the Alboran Sea. Scientia Marina 2016, 80, 249 -256.
AMA StyleJordi Solé, Joaquim Ballabrera-Poy, Diego Macías, Ignacio A. Catalán. The role of ocean velocity in chlorophyll variability. A modelling study in the Alboran Sea. Scientia Marina. 2016; 80 (S1):249-256.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJordi Solé; Joaquim Ballabrera-Poy; Diego Macías; Ignacio A. Catalán. 2016. "The role of ocean velocity in chlorophyll variability. A modelling study in the Alboran Sea." Scientia Marina 80, no. S1: 249-256.
Special issue ESA's Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity Mission - Achievements and Applications.-- 16 pages, 18 figures, 2 tablesAbrupt changes in the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) brightness temperatures, such as those produced by land/sea/ice transitions and Radio-Frequency Interference (RFI) sources, produce artificial rippling patterns (i.e. the so-called Gibbs-like contamination) that propagate through the SMOS-reconstructed image. A nodal sampling technique, focused on the reduction of this kind of contamination by sampling at the points where the perturbation cancels, was introduced by González-Gambau et al. (2015). In this work we show that the quality of nodal sampling can be largely improved by refining the determination of the nodal grid. In addition, we have carried out an extensive validation of the resulting data over the ocean. Nodal sampling reduces sidelobe levels and ripples in the reconstructed images leading to brightness temperatures in better agreement with the theoretically modeled ones. Validation of the salinity retrievals against close-to-surface Argo salinity observations shows that nodal sampling leads to improved salinity retrievals in open ocean, while close to the coast land–sea contamination seems to deteriorate the quality. Besides, spectral analysis shows that nodal sampled salinities become closer to what is geophysically expected without loss of effective spatial resolutionThis work has been funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy through the National R + D Plan by means of MIDAS-7 project AYA2012-39356-C05-03 and previous grants. The validation part of this work has been done with the support of the FP7-SPACE E-AIMS project (grant agreement 312642)Peer Reviewe
Veronica Gonzalez-Gambau; Estrella Olmedo; Antonio Turiel; Justino Martínez; Joaquim Ballabrera-Poy; Marcos Portabella; Maria Piles. Enhancing SMOS brightness temperatures over the ocean using the nodal sampling image reconstruction technique. Remote Sensing of Environment 2016, 180, 205 -220.
AMA StyleVeronica Gonzalez-Gambau, Estrella Olmedo, Antonio Turiel, Justino Martínez, Joaquim Ballabrera-Poy, Marcos Portabella, Maria Piles. Enhancing SMOS brightness temperatures over the ocean using the nodal sampling image reconstruction technique. Remote Sensing of Environment. 2016; 180 ():205-220.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVeronica Gonzalez-Gambau; Estrella Olmedo; Antonio Turiel; Justino Martínez; Joaquim Ballabrera-Poy; Marcos Portabella; Maria Piles. 2016. "Enhancing SMOS brightness temperatures over the ocean using the nodal sampling image reconstruction technique." Remote Sensing of Environment 180, no. : 205-220.