In this study, biodiesel fuel with a ratio of 20% volume (B20) was used on vehicles that are used in common rail injection systems, complying with Euro2 emission regulations. Laboratory and road tests were conducted to evaluate the effects of B20 on performance, emissions and engine components. Using diesel fuel and B20 as reference fuels, tests were conducted using Euro2 vehicle technology to investigate the effects on emissions, fuel consumption, and power. Durability testing was run for travel distances covering 40,000 km under various road and environmental conditions, while vehicle performance and emissions tests were conducted using the ECE R84-03 and ECE R101 test methods, respectively. The results show that B20 has lower CO and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions for every distance travelled, with an average of around 30%. Particulate emission was a bit lower, averaging 3.4% for B20 compared to B0, while NOx was found to slightly increase at around 2% for B20. Due to its lower calorific value, for an average distance traveled, the fuel economy of B20 was around 0.5% higher compared to B0. Furthermore, the maximum power of B20 was 3% lower compared to that of B0 for the entire distance traveled. However, an evaluation of engine components after 40,000 km showed that B20 and B0 were similar. Moreover, vehicles using B20 tend to have a comparable durability of engine components when compared with B0.

To strengthen national energy security, the government has announced the use of renewable energy, one of which is biodiesel. One of the technical problems that can reduce the quality of biodiesel is the high-water content in biodiesel so it is feared that it will reduce engine performance. A study has been carried out aimed to evaluate the effect of adding bio-additives on the physic-chemical characteristics of biodiesel (B20) and its performance on the engine. The addition of bio-additives with the base of turpentine, eugenol, and citronella oil with a ratio of 1:4000 in B20 as test fuel. Engine performance testing is carried out by testing engine fuel consumption and the emissions using a generator engine with a capacity of 20 kVA, with SNI 0119:2019 testing standards. The results showed that the physic-chemical characteristics of B20 were identical to those of B20+ bio-additives except for lower water content. The engine test results show that at 1500- and 3000-Watt loads, the fuel consumption of B20+essential bio-additives shows lower results than B20, but identical at maximum loads, smoke emissions decrease significantly when the load is higher for B20+essential bio-additives.