In this study, biodiesel fuel with a ratio of 20% volume (B20) was used on vehicles that are used in common rail injection systems, complying with Euro2 emission regulations. Laboratory and road tests were conducted to evaluate the effects of B20 on performance, emissions and engine components. Using diesel fuel and B20 as reference fuels, tests were conducted using Euro2 vehicle technology to investigate the effects on emissions, fuel consumption, and power. Durability testing was run for travel distances covering 40,000 km under various road and environmental conditions, while vehicle performance and emissions tests were conducted using the ECE R84-03 and ECE R101 test methods, respectively. The results show that B20 has lower CO and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions for every distance travelled, with an average of around 30%. Particulate emission was a bit lower, averaging 3.4% for B20 compared to B0, while NOx was found to slightly increase at around 2% for B20. Due to its lower calorific value, for an average distance traveled, the fuel economy of B20 was around 0.5% higher compared to B0. Furthermore, the maximum power of B20 was 3% lower compared to that of B0 for the entire distance traveled. However, an evaluation of engine components after 40,000 km showed that B20 and B0 were similar. Moreover, vehicles using B20 tend to have a comparable durability of engine components when compared with B0.

Based on the Indonesian road map on achieving renewable energy fuels, the use of 30% palm biodiesel (B30) with mono-glyceride contents of 0.5% maximum has been applied nationally. Determination of this mono-glyceride value is to prevent biodiesel precipitation if it is exposed to low temperatures, moreover the excessive precipitate formed can block a fuel filter. Blocking fuel filter cause a vehicle difficult to be started. Cold start ability of the use B30 and precipitation tests in low temperatures ambient is one of considerations of the government's decision. The cold start ability test used diesel passenger vehicles fuelled by B30, while the precipitation test used samples of B30 which were placed in an open area close to cloud point temperature of palm biodiesel. After soaking for 3 to 21 days, the test vehicles fuelled by B30 with mono-glyceride content of 0.5% and 0.4 % can be turned on around 1 second as well as fuelled by pure diesel. The precipitation of B30 0.5% mono-glyceride content was higher than 0.4% mono-glyceride content ones. While, the pure diesel took the lowest place. The variation of soaking time didn't effect on the precipitate formed of the test fuels.

Archipelago countries certainly need cheap and fast transportation facilities to run the economy of people who live separately from the sea. One solution is a m

Considering the environmental and energy concerns, the need for finding an alternative fuel is increasing considerably. Emission legislation has become progress