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Dr. Fernando P. Fonseca
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar 4750-057, Braga, Portugal

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0 Cycling
0 Public Transport
0 Walking
0 Sustainable mobility
0 geographic information system

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Walking
walkability
industrial parks
Sustainable mobility
pedestrians

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Journal article
Published: 30 June 2021 in ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information
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Pedestrian Navigation Applications (PNAs) provide assistance in terms of self-localization, space recognition, and turn-by-turn navigation. The use, motivations and perceptions associated with these applications have been under investigated due to users being insufficiently involved in their design and development. This paper analyses the extent to which PNAs are used for assisting people to walk, the frequencies and reasons of using these applications, the perceptions about them, and the barriers preventing them from being used. The study is supported by a questionnaire (N = 1438) that was administered in Bologna (Italy) and Porto (Portugal). Results indicated that 42% of the respondents use PNAs mainly on an occasional basis to find locations and the shortest routes. Google Maps was the preferred navigation service. Statistical tests showed that PNAs were more likely to be used by younger adults and students. The lack of need was the main reason for not using these apps, due to the good spatial knowledge of the cities or the non-use of the pedestrian mode for regular trips. Respondents would like to have apps that are more accurate, usable, and adjusted to pedestrian navigation. The findings described in this paper could be helpful for future designs of PNAs, especially to match pedestrian needs more effectively and to enhance the role of these apps in promoting healthier and sustainable lifestyles.

ACS Style

Fernando Fonseca; Elisa Conticelli; George Papageorgiou; Paulo Ribeiro; Mona Jabbari; Simona Tondelli; Rui Ramos. Use and Perceptions of Pedestrian Navigation Apps: Findings from Bologna and Porto. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 2021, 10, 446 .

AMA Style

Fernando Fonseca, Elisa Conticelli, George Papageorgiou, Paulo Ribeiro, Mona Jabbari, Simona Tondelli, Rui Ramos. Use and Perceptions of Pedestrian Navigation Apps: Findings from Bologna and Porto. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. 2021; 10 (7):446.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fernando Fonseca; Elisa Conticelli; George Papageorgiou; Paulo Ribeiro; Mona Jabbari; Simona Tondelli; Rui Ramos. 2021. "Use and Perceptions of Pedestrian Navigation Apps: Findings from Bologna and Porto." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 7: 446.

Review article
Published: 22 April 2021 in International Journal of Sustainable Transportation
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Walking is a sustainable mode of transport and a healthy way of doing physical activity. Walkability is a concept that has gained enormous popularity in recent years due to its potential to promote more sustainable urban environments and healthy lifestyles. This paper provides a literature review to analyze the influence of built environment attributes on walkability. The Scopus and Web of Science databases were chosen to survey the peer-reviewed documents published up to June 2020. A total of 132 documents were selected by the search. The review of these 132 documents showed that various built environment attributes were differently analyzed and assessed. More specifically, the search identified 32 built environment attributes that were assessed by using 63 measures. Intersection density, residential density and land use mix were the most used attributes for assessing walkability, namely by using objective methods, such as ratios and spatial score tools. In turn, attributes related to streetscape design and security were much less adopted in walkability assessments. This paper provides additional insights into how built environment attributes influence walkability and identifies gaps and issues that should be analyzed in-depth in the future. The review could be helpful for researchers and urban planners in developing walkability studies and in defining policies to improve walkability.

ACS Style

Fernando Fonseca; Paulo J. G. Ribeiro; Elisa Conticelli; Mona Jabbari; George Papageorgiou; Simona Tondelli; Rui A. R. Ramos. Built environment attributes and their influence on walkability. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation 2021, 1 -40.

AMA Style

Fernando Fonseca, Paulo J. G. Ribeiro, Elisa Conticelli, Mona Jabbari, George Papageorgiou, Simona Tondelli, Rui A. R. Ramos. Built environment attributes and their influence on walkability. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation. 2021; ():1-40.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fernando Fonseca; Paulo J. G. Ribeiro; Elisa Conticelli; Mona Jabbari; George Papageorgiou; Simona Tondelli; Rui A. R. Ramos. 2021. "Built environment attributes and their influence on walkability." International Journal of Sustainable Transportation , no. : 1-40.

Journal article
Published: 25 March 2021 in Sustainability
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Distance is a recognized key determinant of walking. Pedestrians tend to choose the shortest route between two points. Shortest routes can be spatially described in terms of distances between two points or topologically described as the number of turns/directional changes between these points. This paper presents a methodology to evaluate the conditions provided by a street network to pedestrians, by using two space syntax measures. Accessibility was calculated through Angular Segment Analysis by Metric Distance (ASAMeD), a measure of street integration and choice strongly correlated with pedestrian movement pattern. Street Connectivity was calculated by using the space syntax measure of connectivity, which shows the direct connection of street nodes to each individual nodes. The streets criterion values of both approaches were normalized by using fuzzy logic linear functions. The method was applied in the city center of Qazvin, Iran. Results showed that the urban structure of Qazvin has a strong impact on the performance of the network. The old neighborhood centers widespread in the city center presented a high topological accessibility, while the most connected street are those streets crossing and surrounding the neighborhood areas. The method can be used to evaluate and improve pedestrian networks, as it can distinguish the most and least attractive streets according to the criteria used. These findings can be used to guide policies towards improving walkability and to create more walkable and sustainable cities.

ACS Style

Mona Jabbari; Fernando Fonseca; Rui Ramos. Accessibility and Connectivity Criteria for Assessing Walkability: An Application in Qazvin, Iran. Sustainability 2021, 13, 3648 .

AMA Style

Mona Jabbari, Fernando Fonseca, Rui Ramos. Accessibility and Connectivity Criteria for Assessing Walkability: An Application in Qazvin, Iran. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (7):3648.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mona Jabbari; Fernando Fonseca; Rui Ramos. 2021. "Accessibility and Connectivity Criteria for Assessing Walkability: An Application in Qazvin, Iran." Sustainability 13, no. 7: 3648.

Journal article
Published: 11 March 2021 in Sustainability
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Walking is a mode of transport that offers many environmental and health benefits. Utilitarian walking refers to walking trips undertaken to fulfil routine purposes. The aim of this paper is to examine the extent to which walking is used as a transport mode for short urban trips in the city centers of Bologna and Porto and the barriers preventing utilitarian walking. Based on a questionnaire (n = 1117) administered in the two cities, results indicated that 21% of the individuals travel by foot, while 47% combine walking with other modes. This means that 68% of the daily trips to these city centers involve walking activity. From the overall trips, 84% were made to reach work and school/university. Statistical tests showed that utilitarian walkers were more likely to be females (p < 0.001) and undergraduates (p < 0.001). People from Bologna were more likely to engage in utilitarian walking than people from Porto (p < 0.001). Travel distance and time were the main barriers preventing people from engaging in utilitarian walking. The findings described in this paper provide a better understanding of utilitarian walking in the central areas of both cities, which can guide policies to promote healthier lifestyles and sustainable mobility.

ACS Style

Fernando Fonseca; Elisa Conticelli; George Papageorgiou; Paulo Ribeiro; Mona Jabbari; Simona Tondelli; Rui Ramos. Levels and Characteristics of Utilitarian Walking in the Central Areas of the Cities of Bologna and Porto. Sustainability 2021, 13, 3064 .

AMA Style

Fernando Fonseca, Elisa Conticelli, George Papageorgiou, Paulo Ribeiro, Mona Jabbari, Simona Tondelli, Rui Ramos. Levels and Characteristics of Utilitarian Walking in the Central Areas of the Cities of Bologna and Porto. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (6):3064.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fernando Fonseca; Elisa Conticelli; George Papageorgiou; Paulo Ribeiro; Mona Jabbari; Simona Tondelli; Rui Ramos. 2021. "Levels and Characteristics of Utilitarian Walking in the Central Areas of the Cities of Bologna and Porto." Sustainability 13, no. 6: 3064.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2020 in Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Municipal Engineer
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ACS Style

Maria Elisabete Santos Soares; Fernando Pereira Fonseca; Ana Maria Duarte Fonseca; Rui António Rodrigues Ramos. A quantitative spatial methodology to delimit urban areas – a case study from Portugal. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Municipal Engineer 2020, 173, 196 -206.

AMA Style

Maria Elisabete Santos Soares, Fernando Pereira Fonseca, Ana Maria Duarte Fonseca, Rui António Rodrigues Ramos. A quantitative spatial methodology to delimit urban areas – a case study from Portugal. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Municipal Engineer. 2020; 173 (4):196-206.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria Elisabete Santos Soares; Fernando Pereira Fonseca; Ana Maria Duarte Fonseca; Rui António Rodrigues Ramos. 2020. "A quantitative spatial methodology to delimit urban areas – a case study from Portugal." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Municipal Engineer 173, no. 4: 196-206.

Conference paper
Published: 04 April 2020 in Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering
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ACS Style

Fernando Fonseca; Paulo Ribeiro; Mona Jabbari; Elena Petrova; George Papageorgiou; Elisa Conticelli; Simona Tondelli; Rui Ramos. Smart Pedestrian Network: An Integrated Conceptual Model for Improving Walkability. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering 2020, 125 -142.

AMA Style

Fernando Fonseca, Paulo Ribeiro, Mona Jabbari, Elena Petrova, George Papageorgiou, Elisa Conticelli, Simona Tondelli, Rui Ramos. Smart Pedestrian Network: An Integrated Conceptual Model for Improving Walkability. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering. 2020; ():125-142.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fernando Fonseca; Paulo Ribeiro; Mona Jabbari; Elena Petrova; George Papageorgiou; Elisa Conticelli; Simona Tondelli; Rui Ramos. 2020. "Smart Pedestrian Network: An Integrated Conceptual Model for Improving Walkability." Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering , no. : 125-142.

Journal article
Published: 23 August 2019 in Urban Forestry & Urban Greening
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Urban spaces are increasingly exposed to air pollution, which critically influences the health and well-being of cities’ inhabitants. Urban green areas provide recognised important environmental and social functions. Providing, planning, managing, and protecting urban green areas are on the agenda of sustainability and liveability of cities. In this paper, urban green areas are classified as Sensitive Areas in Urban Spaces (SAUS), corresponding to critical environmental and social spaces that should be preserved from surrounding air pollution sources. The concept of SAUS was tested in two urban green areas of Guimarães, a medium-sized Portuguese city, by defining a buffer of 300 m (m) around each area. Industrial plants and traffic were the sources of air pollution analysed by considering their emissions of NOx, PM10 and SO2. Horizontal maps of NOx, PM10 and SO2 were produced by using the model AUSTAL2000. Results showed that more than 97% of the SAUS had concentrations equal to or below 5 μg/m3 of NOx, 0.5 μg/m3 of PM10 and 0.1 μg/m3 of SO2. Besides the globally low levels of emissions, the sources located in the two buffers had environmental impacts and affected the quality of the air at both SAUS. As the proposed concept was useful for identifying the main air pollution sources and their impact on the air quality of urban green areas, the concept of SAUS could be helpful for support the adoption of planning actions towards improving the sustainability of these areas and maximising their environmental and social benefits. However, more applications are needed for confirming the efficiency of this concept to improve the air quality of urban green areas.

ACS Style

Lígia T. Silva; Fernando Fonseca; Maria Pires; Bruno Mendes. SAUS: A tool for preserving urban green areas from air pollution. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 2019, 46, 126440 .

AMA Style

Lígia T. Silva, Fernando Fonseca, Maria Pires, Bruno Mendes. SAUS: A tool for preserving urban green areas from air pollution. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 2019; 46 ():126440.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lígia T. Silva; Fernando Fonseca; Maria Pires; Bruno Mendes. 2019. "SAUS: A tool for preserving urban green areas from air pollution." Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 46, no. : 126440.

Research article
Published: 05 June 2019 in Journal of Environmental Planning and Management
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Transportation has significant economic, social and environmental impacts and is an important dimension of urban sustainability. Public transportation is recognisably a smart, efficient and sustainable mode of transportation. This paper describes a multi-criteria analysis to assess the sustainable performance of a bus transportation system in a Portuguese mid-sized municipality. The assessment is based on a list of 18 environmental, social, economic and institutional indicators. A group of specialists and political stakeholders defined the relative importance of these indicators. Results showed significant disparities in the sustainable performance of the analysed bus system. Political stakeholders were more sensitive to institutional indicators while specialists were more concerned with operational issues. The research also indicates that the institutional dimension is important for assessing the sustainability of a bus transportation system. The method proves to be useful for identifying the main problems of a bus transportation system and for supporting policies to mitigate these problems.

ACS Style

Paulo Ribeiro; Fernando Fonseca; Paulo Santos. Sustainability assessment of a bus system in a mid-sized municipality. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 2019, 63, 236 -256.

AMA Style

Paulo Ribeiro, Fernando Fonseca, Paulo Santos. Sustainability assessment of a bus system in a mid-sized municipality. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management. 2019; 63 (2):236-256.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paulo Ribeiro; Fernando Fonseca; Paulo Santos. 2019. "Sustainability assessment of a bus system in a mid-sized municipality." Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 63, no. 2: 236-256.

Articles
Published: 29 March 2019 in Planning Practice & Research
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Vacant and abandoned industrial buildings are a symptom of urban decline linked to various problems. To adopt effective regenerating policies, a full understanding of vacancy is required. This paper presents a study where the extent and condition of the vacant industrial buildings located in four Portuguese municipalities were assessed. Results showed that 613 buildings located in urban areas and in industrial parks, occupying an area of 1.4 million square meters, were vacant. The research is helpful for adopting regenerative policies and for understanding general questions of the characteristics of industrial vacancy and policies that are used to address this problem.

ACS Style

Fernando Fonseca; Rui A. R Ramos. Vacant Industrial Buildings in Portugal: A Case Study from Four Municipalities. Planning Practice & Research 2019, 34, 239 -254.

AMA Style

Fernando Fonseca, Rui A. R Ramos. Vacant Industrial Buildings in Portugal: A Case Study from Four Municipalities. Planning Practice & Research. 2019; 34 (3):239-254.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fernando Fonseca; Rui A. R Ramos. 2019. "Vacant Industrial Buildings in Portugal: A Case Study from Four Municipalities." Planning Practice & Research 34, no. 3: 239-254.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2017 in urbe. Revista Brasileira de Gestão Urbana
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Resumo A segurança rodoviária depende da existência de uma rede de sinalética apropriada e de uma correta manutenção dos sinais ao longo do tempo. Os sinais verticais de trânsito, para serem efetivamente funcionais, devem permanecer adequadamente visíveis e percetíveis. Neste artigo apresenta-se uma metodologia para avaliar o nível de conformidade dos sinais, procurando identificar eventuais deficiências funcionais. A metodologia baseia-se numa análise multicritério, onde são considerados dois critérios e oito subcritérios relacionados com as características físicas e operacionais dos sinais. A visibilidade dos sinais foi avaliada através de uma análise em SIG, considerando as distâncias de travagem e de paragem. O nível de intervenção obtido é constituído por quatro níveis, em função da necessidade e da urgência em recuperar a função dos sinais. A metodologia foi aplicada na cidade de Guimarães, Portugal. Os resultados comprovam a funcionalidade da metodologia e revelam que mais de metade dos sinais analisados não estão totalmente em conformidade com as normas, muito por culpa da estrutura urbana compacta e da presença de vegetação nas ruas. Uma vez que, para vários sinais, as distâncias de travagem e de paragem não são adequadas, pode-se concluir que os utilizadores destas ruas estão expostos a riscos que ameaçam a sua segurança.

ACS Style

Daniel Souto Rodrigues; Carlos Eduardo Pires Magalhães; Fernando Pereira Fonseca; António De Lima Sampaio Duarte; Paulo Jorge Gomes Ribeiro. Avaliação da conformidade de Sinais de Trânsito para melhorar a segurança rodoviária em meio urbano: uma aplicação no Centro de Guimarães, Portugal. urbe. Revista Brasileira de Gestão Urbana 2017, 9, 346 -360.

AMA Style

Daniel Souto Rodrigues, Carlos Eduardo Pires Magalhães, Fernando Pereira Fonseca, António De Lima Sampaio Duarte, Paulo Jorge Gomes Ribeiro. Avaliação da conformidade de Sinais de Trânsito para melhorar a segurança rodoviária em meio urbano: uma aplicação no Centro de Guimarães, Portugal. urbe. Revista Brasileira de Gestão Urbana. 2017; 9 (suppl 1):346-360.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniel Souto Rodrigues; Carlos Eduardo Pires Magalhães; Fernando Pereira Fonseca; António De Lima Sampaio Duarte; Paulo Jorge Gomes Ribeiro. 2017. "Avaliação da conformidade de Sinais de Trânsito para melhorar a segurança rodoviária em meio urbano: uma aplicação no Centro de Guimarães, Portugal." urbe. Revista Brasileira de Gestão Urbana 9, no. suppl 1: 346-360.

Journal article
Published: 07 August 2017 in Journal of Urban Design
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ACS Style

Mona Jabbari; Fernando Fonseca; Rui Ramos. Combining multi-criteria and space syntax analysis to assess a pedestrian network: the case of Oporto. Journal of Urban Design 2017, 23, 23 -41.

AMA Style

Mona Jabbari, Fernando Fonseca, Rui Ramos. Combining multi-criteria and space syntax analysis to assess a pedestrian network: the case of Oporto. Journal of Urban Design. 2017; 23 (1):23-41.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mona Jabbari; Fernando Fonseca; Rui Ramos. 2017. "Combining multi-criteria and space syntax analysis to assess a pedestrian network: the case of Oporto." Journal of Urban Design 23, no. 1: 23-41.

Research article
Published: 01 June 2017 in Journal of Environmental Planning and Management
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The impact of traffic noise can be prevented by suitable planning measures. This study analyses the relationship between urban geometry and traffic noise, recognizing that the arrangement of buildings and streets greatly influences urban noise. The study was carried out in Braga, a medium-sized Portuguese city, by selecting locations with different urban geometries. At each site, the equivalent continuous sound level was measured. Furthermore, the urban geometry was evaluated by using the sky view factor, a parameter which shows the degree of sky obstructed by buildings. Results show an inverse proportionality between noise and the sky view factor. The highest noise levels were found in areas with a low sky view factor. The results also indicate that the sky view factor is a parameter which can potentially be used in research on urban noise.

ACS Style

Lígia Torres Silva; Fernando Pereira Da Fonseca; Daniel Souto Rodrigues; A. Campos. Assessing the influence of urban geometry on noise propagation by using the sky view factor. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 2017, 61, 535 -552.

AMA Style

Lígia Torres Silva, Fernando Pereira Da Fonseca, Daniel Souto Rodrigues, A. Campos. Assessing the influence of urban geometry on noise propagation by using the sky view factor. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management. 2017; 61 (3):535-552.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lígia Torres Silva; Fernando Pereira Da Fonseca; Daniel Souto Rodrigues; A. Campos. 2017. "Assessing the influence of urban geometry on noise propagation by using the sky view factor." Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 61, no. 3: 535-552.

Research article
Published: 12 April 2017 in Journal of Environmental Planning and Management
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This paper describes an integrated approach to transform an industrial park into an eco-industrial park by combining three interconnected goals, namely, the consolidation of industrial symbiosis, the promotion of sustainable accessibility and the development of multi-functionalities. The result is an interdependent approach where industrial and territorial ecosystems are jointly planned, seeking a more sustainable level of development that considers industrial activity, the transportation of people and goods and the spatial articulation with the neighbouring environment and urban areas. The critical points and challenges for improving the territorial integration of the French industrial park of Salaise-Sablons are discussed, providing lessons for the future. Regardless of the specificities of the case study, this approach has the potential to be adopted in similar industrial parks.

ACS Style

Paulo Ribeiro; Fernando Fonseca; Carolina Neiva; Tiziana Bardi; Júlia M. Lourenço. An integrated approach towards transforming an industrial park into an eco-industrial park: the case of Salaise-Sablons. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 2017, 61, 195 -213.

AMA Style

Paulo Ribeiro, Fernando Fonseca, Carolina Neiva, Tiziana Bardi, Júlia M. Lourenço. An integrated approach towards transforming an industrial park into an eco-industrial park: the case of Salaise-Sablons. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management. 2017; 61 (2):195-213.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paulo Ribeiro; Fernando Fonseca; Carolina Neiva; Tiziana Bardi; Júlia M. Lourenço. 2017. "An integrated approach towards transforming an industrial park into an eco-industrial park: the case of Salaise-Sablons." Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 61, no. 2: 195-213.

Articles
Published: 30 June 2016 in European Planning Studies
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In recent decades in Europe, municipalities have promoted many poorly qualified and widespread industrial parks. These policies have caused various problems such as oversupply of industrial land, obsolescence and high vacancy rates. The future of these sites is uncertain and has become a key issue in planning. Nowadays, policies are focused on upgrading these sites and on implementing regional coordinated practices. This paper describes a methodological approach to identifying a subregional network of industrial parks in the Ave valley, Portugal. The network is based on the parks’ attractiveness and has the purpose of supporting planning policies in terms of upgrading and providing new sites. The approach was based on a multi-criteria analysis whereby the parks were ranked according to their attractiveness considering their coverage in terms of infrastructures, services and accessibility. Results show that the majority of the existing and planned parks, even if upgraded, will not be very attractive and will be limited to a municipal scale due to structural problems related to their location and poor coverage. Moreover, the paper also discusses the challenges in implementing this planning approach at a subregional level. Despite the specificities of the case study, this methodology could be adopted in similar studies.

ACS Style

Rui António Rodigues Ramos; Fernando Pereira Fonseca. A methodology to identify a network of industrial parks in the Ave valley, Portugal. European Planning Studies 2016, 24, 1844 -1862.

AMA Style

Rui António Rodigues Ramos, Fernando Pereira Fonseca. A methodology to identify a network of industrial parks in the Ave valley, Portugal. European Planning Studies. 2016; 24 (10):1844-1862.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rui António Rodigues Ramos; Fernando Pereira Fonseca. 2016. "A methodology to identify a network of industrial parks in the Ave valley, Portugal." European Planning Studies 24, no. 10: 1844-1862.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2015 in Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation
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ACS Style

Fernando Fonseca; Rui António Rodrigues Ramos; Antônio Nélson Rodrigues Da Silva. An Agent-Based Model to Assess the Attractiveness of Industrial Estates. Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation 2015, 18, 1 .

AMA Style

Fernando Fonseca, Rui António Rodrigues Ramos, Antônio Nélson Rodrigues Da Silva. An Agent-Based Model to Assess the Attractiveness of Industrial Estates. Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation. 2015; 18 (4):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fernando Fonseca; Rui António Rodrigues Ramos; Antônio Nélson Rodrigues Da Silva. 2015. "An Agent-Based Model to Assess the Attractiveness of Industrial Estates." Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation 18, no. 4: 1.

Conference paper
Published: 01 January 2014 in Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency XV
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This paper describes an agent-based model developed to simulate the impact that different planning policies may have in enhancing the attractiveness of the industrial estates located in a network of four municipalities located in the North of Portugal. The policies were simulated using three scenarios that can be distinguished by the municipal level of coordination they are implemented and by the type of action performed. In the model, enterprises are agents looking for a suitable location and the estates attractiveness is based on their level of facilities, amenities, accessibility and in the cost of soil. The coordinated qualification of the industrial estates is the most effective policy to strengthen their attractiveness. It was in this scenario that more industrial estates become attractive and more enterprises relocated. Results also indicate that the promotion of diffused and unqualified industrial estates is an inefficient policy to attract enterprises.

ACS Style

Fernando Pereira Da Fonseca; Rui A. R. Ramos; Antônio Nélson Rodrigues Da Silva. An Agent-Based Model as a Tool of Planning at a Sub-regional Scale. Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency XV 2014, 8580, 611 -628.

AMA Style

Fernando Pereira Da Fonseca, Rui A. R. Ramos, Antônio Nélson Rodrigues Da Silva. An Agent-Based Model as a Tool of Planning at a Sub-regional Scale. Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency XV. 2014; 8580 ():611-628.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fernando Pereira Da Fonseca; Rui A. R. Ramos; Antônio Nélson Rodrigues Da Silva. 2014. "An Agent-Based Model as a Tool of Planning at a Sub-regional Scale." Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency XV 8580, no. : 611-628.

Original articles
Published: 01 August 2012 in Tourism Geographies
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Heritage tourism has been widely seen in the last years as an effective way of addressing the socio-economic problems and the heritage degradation of peripheral territories. Heritage is a rising tourism product providing tourists with experiences based on the (in)tangible remains of the past. Due to the lack of other possibilities, the policies found in peripheral territories often highlight tourism – particularly heritage tourism – as the most valuable activity to launch a more sustainable development process. Nevertheless, the impact of heritage tourism is controversial and not always evident both in terms of socio-economic regeneration and in terms of heritage rehabilitation, contradicting some generalized rhetoric. The article presents the main conclusions of research undertaken in the Portuguese peripheral municipality of Almeida, where heritage tourism is claimed to be the most promising activity to overcome the current trend of decline. Data were collected from municipal and regional entities using a previously structured survey about perceptions and attitudes towards heritage tourism development in the municipality. The findings disclose the main obstacles, the strategies and the challenges that this territory is facing to underpin development based on heritage tourism. The main conclusions highlight the strong fragmentation between public and private entities and the lack of a tourism management plan for Almeida's successful future as a destination of heritage tourism. In certain ways, and due to similar problems, the findings and the proposals of the present research can be applied to other peripheral areas.

ACS Style

Fernando P. Fonseca; Rui A. R. Ramos. Heritage Tourism in Peripheral Areas: Development Strategies and Constraints. Tourism Geographies 2012, 14, 467 -493.

AMA Style

Fernando P. Fonseca, Rui A. R. Ramos. Heritage Tourism in Peripheral Areas: Development Strategies and Constraints. Tourism Geographies. 2012; 14 (3):467-493.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fernando P. Fonseca; Rui A. R. Ramos. 2012. "Heritage Tourism in Peripheral Areas: Development Strategies and Constraints." Tourism Geographies 14, no. 3: 467-493.