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Peppers (Capsicum spp.) are recalcitrant to in vitro culture regeneration, making the application of in vitro-based breeding strategies difficult. We evaluated the impact of different combinations of auxins, cytokinins and micronutrients on the induction of direct organogenesis in cotyledon and hypocotyl explants of C. annuum, C. baccatum and C. chinense. We found variation in the regeneration response among species and type of explant. In this way, the average numbers of shoots per cotyledon and hypocotyl explant were, respectively, 1.44 and 0.28 for C. annuum, 4.17 and 3.20 for C. baccatum and 0.08 and 0.00 for C. chinense. Out of the six media, the best overall results were obtained with the medium Pep1, which contained 5 mg/L BAP (6-benzylaminopurine), 0.5 mg/L IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) and 0.47 mg/L CuSO4, followed by a subculture in the same medium supplemented with 10 mg/L AgNO3 (medium Pep1.2). The best result for the Pep1 + Pep1.2 medium was obtained for C. baccatum using cotyledon explants, with 8.87 shoots per explant. The explants grown in medium Pep1 + Pep1.2 were the ones with greener tissue, while overall the hypocotyl explants were greener than the cotyledon explants. Our results indicate that there is wide variation among Capsicum species in terms of regeneration. Our results suggest that the synergistic effect of copper and silver resulted in a higher regeneration rate of Capsicum explants. Explants with shoots were transferred to different media for elongation, rooting and acclimatization. Although acclimatized plantlets were obtained for C. baccatum and C. chinense, an improvement in these latter stages would be desirable for a high throughput regeneration pipeline. This work contributes to the improvement of Capsicum regeneration protocols using specific combinations of medium, explant and genotype, reaching the levels of efficiency required for genetic transformation and of gene editing technologies for other crops.
Marina Martínez-López; Ana García-Pérez; Esther Gimeno-Páez; Jaime Prohens; Santiago Vilanova; Edgar García-Fortea. Screening of Suitable Plant Regeneration Protocols for Several Capsicum spp. through Direct Organogenesis. Horticulturae 2021, 7, 261 .
AMA StyleMarina Martínez-López, Ana García-Pérez, Esther Gimeno-Páez, Jaime Prohens, Santiago Vilanova, Edgar García-Fortea. Screening of Suitable Plant Regeneration Protocols for Several Capsicum spp. through Direct Organogenesis. Horticulturae. 2021; 7 (9):261.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarina Martínez-López; Ana García-Pérez; Esther Gimeno-Páez; Jaime Prohens; Santiago Vilanova; Edgar García-Fortea. 2021. "Screening of Suitable Plant Regeneration Protocols for Several Capsicum spp. through Direct Organogenesis." Horticulturae 7, no. 9: 261.
Genebanks collect and preserve vast collections of plants and detailed passport information, with the aim of preserving genetic diversity for conservation and breeding. Genetic characterization of such collections has the potential to elucidate the genetic histories of important crops, use marker–trait associations to identify loci controlling traits of interest, search for loci undergoing selection, and contribute to genebank management by identifying taxonomic misassignments and duplicates. We conducted a genomic scan with genotyping by sequencing (GBS) derived single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of 10,038 pepper (Capsicum spp.) accessions from worldwide genebanks and investigated the recent history of this iconic staple. Genomic data detected up to 1,618 duplicate accessions within and between genebanks and showed that taxonomic ambiguity and misclassification often involve interspecific hybrids that are difficult to classify morphologically. We deeply interrogated the genetic diversity of the commonly consumed Capsicum annuum to investigate its history, finding that the kinds of peppers collected in broad regions across the globe overlap considerably. The method ReMIXTURE—using genetic data to quantify the similarity between the complement of peppers from a focal region and those from other regions—was developed to supplement traditional population genetic analyses. The results reflect a vision of pepper as a highly desirable and tradable cultural commodity, spreading rapidly throughout the globe along major maritime and terrestrial trade routes. Marker associations and possible selective sweeps affecting traits such as pungency were observed, and these traits were shown to be distributed nonuniformly across the globe, suggesting that human preferences exerted a primary influence over domesticated pepper genetic structure.
Pasquale Tripodi; Mark Timothy Rabanus-Wallace; Lorenzo Barchi; Sandip Kale; Salvatore Esposito; Alberto Acquadro; Roland Schafleitner; Maarten van Zonneveld; Jaime Prohens; Maria José Diez; Andreas Börner; Jérémy Salinier; Bernard Caromel; Arnaud Bovy; Filiz Boyaci; Gancho Pasev; Ronny Brandt; Axel Himmelbach; Ezio Portis; Richard Finkers; Sergio Lanteri; Ilan Paran; Véronique Lefebvre; Giovanni Giuliano; Nils Stein. Global range expansion history of pepper (Capsicum spp.) revealed by over 10,000 genebank accessions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2021, 118, 1 .
AMA StylePasquale Tripodi, Mark Timothy Rabanus-Wallace, Lorenzo Barchi, Sandip Kale, Salvatore Esposito, Alberto Acquadro, Roland Schafleitner, Maarten van Zonneveld, Jaime Prohens, Maria José Diez, Andreas Börner, Jérémy Salinier, Bernard Caromel, Arnaud Bovy, Filiz Boyaci, Gancho Pasev, Ronny Brandt, Axel Himmelbach, Ezio Portis, Richard Finkers, Sergio Lanteri, Ilan Paran, Véronique Lefebvre, Giovanni Giuliano, Nils Stein. Global range expansion history of pepper (Capsicum spp.) revealed by over 10,000 genebank accessions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2021; 118 (34):1.
Chicago/Turabian StylePasquale Tripodi; Mark Timothy Rabanus-Wallace; Lorenzo Barchi; Sandip Kale; Salvatore Esposito; Alberto Acquadro; Roland Schafleitner; Maarten van Zonneveld; Jaime Prohens; Maria José Diez; Andreas Börner; Jérémy Salinier; Bernard Caromel; Arnaud Bovy; Filiz Boyaci; Gancho Pasev; Ronny Brandt; Axel Himmelbach; Ezio Portis; Richard Finkers; Sergio Lanteri; Ilan Paran; Véronique Lefebvre; Giovanni Giuliano; Nils Stein. 2021. "Global range expansion history of pepper (Capsicum spp.) revealed by over 10,000 genebank accessions." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 34: 1.
Background and aims Two local threatened endemics from Valencian salt marshes were analysed from a multidisciplinary perspective combining field studies with experiments performed under greenhouse-controlled conditions. The work aimed to investigate the habitat of the two species but also to explore their limits of tolerance to severe drought and salinity and the mechanisms behind their stress responses. Methods The number of individuals in several populations, climatic conditions, soil characteristics and accompanying vegetation in the natural habitats were analysed in the field study. Plants obtained by seed germination were grown in the greenhouse and subjected to one month of water and salt stress treatments. Growth and biochemical parameters were analysed after the treatments were finalised. Results No correlation between climatic parameters and the number of individuals censed of the two Limonium species could be established. Although L. dufourii was found in more saline soils in the natural habitats, under controlled greenhouse conditions, this species was more severely affected by salt treatment than L. albuferae, which is more susceptible to water stress. A common biochemical response was the increase of proline under all stress treatments, but mostly in water-stressed plants. Oxidative stress markers, MDA and H2O2, did not indicate significant differences between the treatments. The differences in the two species' responses to the two kinds of stress were correlated with the activation of the antioxidant enzymes, more pronounced in conditions of salt stress in L. albuferae and of water stress in L. dufourii. Conclusions Although L. albuferae is found in sites with lower salinity in the natural habitats, the greenhouse experiment indicated that it tolerates higher concentrations of salt than L. dufouri, which is more resistant to drought. The two species efficiently mitigate oxidative stress by activation of antioxidant enzymes. The results obtained may be helpful for the conservation management of the two species: whereas salinity is not problematic, as the two species tolerated under controlled conditions salinities far beyond those in their natural environments, water scarcity may be a problem for L. albuferae, which proved to be more susceptible to water deficit.
Sara González-Orenga; Ma Pilar Donat-Torres; Josep V. Llinares; Albert Navarro; Francisco Collado; P. Pablo Ferrer-Gallego; Emilio Laguna; Oscar Vicente; Monica Boscaiu. Multidisciplinary studies supporting conservation programmes of two rare, endangered Limonium species from Spain. Plant and Soil 2021, 1 -20.
AMA StyleSara González-Orenga, Ma Pilar Donat-Torres, Josep V. Llinares, Albert Navarro, Francisco Collado, P. Pablo Ferrer-Gallego, Emilio Laguna, Oscar Vicente, Monica Boscaiu. Multidisciplinary studies supporting conservation programmes of two rare, endangered Limonium species from Spain. Plant and Soil. 2021; ():1-20.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSara González-Orenga; Ma Pilar Donat-Torres; Josep V. Llinares; Albert Navarro; Francisco Collado; P. Pablo Ferrer-Gallego; Emilio Laguna; Oscar Vicente; Monica Boscaiu. 2021. "Multidisciplinary studies supporting conservation programmes of two rare, endangered Limonium species from Spain." Plant and Soil , no. : 1-20.
The genus Plantago is particularly interesting for studying the mechanisms of salt tolerance in plants, as it includes both halophytes and glycophytes, as well as species adapted to xeric environments. In this study, the salt stress responses of two halophytes, P. crassifolia and P. coronopus, were compared with those of two glycophytes, P. ovata and P. afra. Plants obtained by seed germination of the four species, collected in different regions of Tunisia, were subjected to increasing salinity treatments for one month under greenhouse conditions. Morphological traits and biochemical parameters, such as ion accumulation and the leaf contents of photosynthetic pigments, osmolytes, oxidative stress markers and antioxidant metabolites, were measured after the treatments. Salt-induced growth inhibition was more pronounced in P. afra, and only plants subjected to the lowest applied NaCl concentration (200 mM) survived until the end of the treatments. The biochemical responses were different in the two groups of plants; the halophytes accumulated higher Na+ and proline concentrations, whereas MDA levels in their leaves decreased, indicating a lower level of oxidative stress. Overall, the results showed that P. coronopus and P. crassifolia are the most tolerant to salt stress, and P. afra is the most susceptible of the four species. Plantago ovata is also quite resistant, apparently by using specific mechanisms of tolerance that are more efficient than in the halophytes, such as a less pronounced inhibition of photosynthesis, the accumulation of higher levels of Cl− ions in the leaves, or the activation of K+ uptake and transport to the aerial part under high salinity conditions.
Hela Ltaeif; Anis Sakhraoui; Sara González-Orenga; Anbu Landa Faz; Monica Boscaiu; Oscar Vicente; Slim Rouz. Responses to Salinity in Four Plantago Species from Tunisia. Plants 2021, 10, 1392 .
AMA StyleHela Ltaeif, Anis Sakhraoui, Sara González-Orenga, Anbu Landa Faz, Monica Boscaiu, Oscar Vicente, Slim Rouz. Responses to Salinity in Four Plantago Species from Tunisia. Plants. 2021; 10 (7):1392.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHela Ltaeif; Anis Sakhraoui; Sara González-Orenga; Anbu Landa Faz; Monica Boscaiu; Oscar Vicente; Slim Rouz. 2021. "Responses to Salinity in Four Plantago Species from Tunisia." Plants 10, no. 7: 1392.
Antiviral treatments inhibiting Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) replication may represent a strategy complementary to vaccination to fight the ongoing Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. Molecules or extracts inhibiting the SARS-CoV-2 chymotripsin-like protease (3CLPro) could contribute to reducing or suppressing SARS-CoV-2 replication. Using a targeted approach, we identified 17 plant products that are included in current and traditional cuisines as promising inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 3CLPro activity. Methanolic extracts were evaluated in vitro for inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 3CLPro activity using a quenched fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay. Extracts from turmeric (Curcuma longa) rhizomes, mustard (Brassica nigra) seeds, and wall rocket (Diplotaxis erucoides subsp. erucoides) at 500 µg mL−1 displayed significant inhibition of the 3CLPro activity, resulting in residual protease activities of 0.0%, 9.4%, and 14.9%, respectively. Using different extract concentrations, an IC50 value of 15.74 µg mL−1 was calculated for turmeric extract. Commercial curcumin inhibited the 3CLPro activity, but did not fully account for the inhibitory effect of turmeric rhizomes extracts, suggesting that other components of the turmeric extract must also play a main role in inhibiting the 3CLPro activity. Sinigrin, a major glucosinolate present in mustard seeds and wall rocket, did not have relevant 3CLPro inhibitory activity; however, its hydrolysis product allyl isothiocyanate had an IC50 value of 41.43 µg mL−1. The current study identifies plant extracts and molecules that can be of interest in the search for treatments against COVID-19, acting as a basis for future chemical, in vivo, and clinical trials.
Carla Guijarro-Real; Mariola Plazas; Adrián Rodríguez-Burruezo; Jaime Prohens; Ana Fita. Potential In Vitro Inhibition of Selected Plant Extracts against SARS-CoV-2 Chymotripsin-Like Protease (3CLPro) Activity. Foods 2021, 10, 1503 .
AMA StyleCarla Guijarro-Real, Mariola Plazas, Adrián Rodríguez-Burruezo, Jaime Prohens, Ana Fita. Potential In Vitro Inhibition of Selected Plant Extracts against SARS-CoV-2 Chymotripsin-Like Protease (3CLPro) Activity. Foods. 2021; 10 (7):1503.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarla Guijarro-Real; Mariola Plazas; Adrián Rodríguez-Burruezo; Jaime Prohens; Ana Fita. 2021. "Potential In Vitro Inhibition of Selected Plant Extracts against SARS-CoV-2 Chymotripsin-Like Protease (3CLPro) Activity." Foods 10, no. 7: 1503.
Soil salinity and the indiscriminate use of agrochemicals has significantly reduced the productivity of the ‘Chinampas’ agroecosystem in Mexico City. Crop improvement under these stressful conditions may be achieved by soil bioremediation. In this study, we checked the effects of the organochlorine pesticide endosulfan and bioremediation with Penicillium crustosum or a citric waste on the growth of Phaseolus leptostachyus plants in saline soil from the Chinampas area. Biochemical markers associated with specific stress responses were also determined after one month of growth in the different substrates. Plant growth was stimulated by bioremediation of the soil. Both biostimulants reduced the degree of stress affecting the plants, as shown by the increase in photosynthetic pigments and the reduction of proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), and H2O2 contents, and the activation of antioxidant systems. However, the biostimulants appeared to mitigate oxidative stress through different mechanisms. Endosulfan contamination inhibited seed germination—which was reverted to control values in the presence of the biostimulants—and further decreased plant growth. No clear patterns of variation of biochemical stress markers were observed combining endosulfan and the biostimulants. In any case, bioremediation with P. crustosum and/or citric waste is recommended to improve the germination and growth of P. leptostachyus plants.
Anbu Landa-Faz; Sara González-Orenga; Monica Boscaiu; Refugio Rodríguez-Vázquez; Oscar Vicente. Effect of the Pesticide Endosulfan and Two Different Biostimulants on the Stress Responses of Phaseolus leptostachyus Plants Grown in a Saline Soil. Agronomy 2021, 11, 1208 .
AMA StyleAnbu Landa-Faz, Sara González-Orenga, Monica Boscaiu, Refugio Rodríguez-Vázquez, Oscar Vicente. Effect of the Pesticide Endosulfan and Two Different Biostimulants on the Stress Responses of Phaseolus leptostachyus Plants Grown in a Saline Soil. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (6):1208.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnbu Landa-Faz; Sara González-Orenga; Monica Boscaiu; Refugio Rodríguez-Vázquez; Oscar Vicente. 2021. "Effect of the Pesticide Endosulfan and Two Different Biostimulants on the Stress Responses of Phaseolus leptostachyus Plants Grown in a Saline Soil." Agronomy 11, no. 6: 1208.
The development of genetically transformed plants is an elusive landmark in Cannabis sativa L. breeding. Despite its economic interest, at present, protocols for producing transgenic C. sativa plants are scarce. We studied the ability of hypocotyl, cotyledon and meristem explants from six C. sativa hemp varieties for transgenic plant regeneration. For this, we firstly evaluated in vitro regeneration rates of hypocotyls cultured in medium without plant growth regulators, and cotyledons cultured in medium supplemented with 0.4 mg L−1 of thidiazuron (TDZ) and 0.2 mg L−1 of α-naphthaleneacetic (NAA). Subsequently, the effect of different kanamycin concentrations (50, 100, 200, 500 and 750 mg L−1) on hypocotyl regeneration rate was determined. Finally, we assessed transformation rates after hypocotyl, cotyledon and meristem co-culture with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 carrying the binary plasmid pBIN19 containing the β-glucuronidase (uidA) reporter gene and the kanamycin resistance neomycin phosphotransferase (nptII) genes. Plant transformation was validated through in vitro culture of regenerating shoots in kanamycin-containing selective regeneration medium, by GUS histochemical assay for uidA expression, and by PCR amplification of uidA and nptII genes. Our results showed that hypocotyls reached a higher regeneration rate (53.3 %) than cotyledons (18.1 %) without Agrobacterium co-culture. On the other hand, 100 mg L−1 kanamycin proved to be the best concentration in terms of regeneration rate (63.3 %) and spontaneous rooting rate of hypocotyl regenerating shoots (12.2 %), which displayed a 7.1 % of albinism rate. After co-culture with A. tumefaciens and subsequent culture in antibiotic-containing selective regeneration medium, hypocotyl was the best explant type achieving 23.1 % of regeneration rate, which contrasts with the 1.0 % regeneration rate detected for cotyledons. Transgenic plants were obtained from all explant types evaluated. Although there were significant differences among varieties evaluated, hypocotyls proved to be superior to already-developed meristems, reaching a transformation rate of 5.0 % and 0.8 % respectively. Despite the extremely low regeneration rate of cotyledons after A. tumefaciens co-culture, all cotyledon-derived regenerating shoots analyzed were successfully transformed. Our hormone-free protocol doubles the transformation rate of regenerating shoots, also producing transgenic plants three times faster than other already published protocols. This has relevant implications for C. sativa breeding, enabling not only genetic transformation, but also the use of new plant breeding techniques such as targeted genome editing by using CRISPR/Cas systems. This may foster the development of C. sativa varieties with specific biochemical profiles, or tolerant to biotic and abiotic stresses among others.
Alberto Galán-Ávila; Pietro Gramazio; Mily Ron; Jaime Prohens; Francisco Javier Herraiz. A novel and rapid method for Agrobacterium-mediated production of stably transformed Cannabis sativa L. plants. Industrial Crops and Products 2021, 170, 113691 .
AMA StyleAlberto Galán-Ávila, Pietro Gramazio, Mily Ron, Jaime Prohens, Francisco Javier Herraiz. A novel and rapid method for Agrobacterium-mediated production of stably transformed Cannabis sativa L. plants. Industrial Crops and Products. 2021; 170 ():113691.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlberto Galán-Ávila; Pietro Gramazio; Mily Ron; Jaime Prohens; Francisco Javier Herraiz. 2021. "A novel and rapid method for Agrobacterium-mediated production of stably transformed Cannabis sativa L. plants." Industrial Crops and Products 170, no. : 113691.
Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is an important horticultural crop and one of the most widely grown vegetables from the Solanaceae family. It was domesticated from a wild, prickly progenitor carrying small, round, non‐anthocyanic fruits. We obtained a novel, highly contiguous genome assembly of the eggplant ‘67/3’ reference line, by Hi‐C retrofitting of a previously released short read and optical mapping‐based assembly. The sizes of the 12 chromosomes and the fraction of anchored genes in the improved assembly were comparable to those of a chromosome‐level assembly. We resequenced 23 accessions of S. melongena representative of the worldwide phenotypic, geographic and genetic diversity of the species, and one each from the closely related species S. insanum and S. incanum. The eggplant pan‐genome contained ~51.5 additional megabases and 816 additional genes with respect to the reference genome, while the pan‐plastome showed little genetic variation. We identified 53 selective sweeps related to fruit color, prickliness and fruit shape in the nuclear genome, highlighting selection leading to the emergence of present‐day S. melongena cultivars from its wild ancestors. Candidate genes underlying the selective sweeps included a MYBL1 repressor and CHALCONE ISOMERASE (for fruit color), homologs of Arabidopsis GLABRA 1 and GLABROUS INFLORESCENCE STEMS 2 (for prickliness) and orthologs of tomato FW2.2, OVATE, LC/WUSCHEL, SUPPRESSOR OF OVATE (SOV) and CELL SIZE REGULATOR (for fruit size/shape), further suggesting that selection for the latter trait relied on a common set of orthologous genes in tomato and eggplant.
Lorenzo Barchi; Mark Timothy Rabanus‐Wallace; Jaime Prohens; Laura Toppino; Sudharsan Padmarasu; Ezio Portis; Giuseppe Leonardo Rotino; Nils Stein; Sergio Lanteri; Giovanni Giuliano. Improved genome assembly and pan‐genome provide key insights into eggplant domestication and breeding. The Plant Journal 2021, 107, 579 -596.
AMA StyleLorenzo Barchi, Mark Timothy Rabanus‐Wallace, Jaime Prohens, Laura Toppino, Sudharsan Padmarasu, Ezio Portis, Giuseppe Leonardo Rotino, Nils Stein, Sergio Lanteri, Giovanni Giuliano. Improved genome assembly and pan‐genome provide key insights into eggplant domestication and breeding. The Plant Journal. 2021; 107 (2):579-596.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLorenzo Barchi; Mark Timothy Rabanus‐Wallace; Jaime Prohens; Laura Toppino; Sudharsan Padmarasu; Ezio Portis; Giuseppe Leonardo Rotino; Nils Stein; Sergio Lanteri; Giovanni Giuliano. 2021. "Improved genome assembly and pan‐genome provide key insights into eggplant domestication and breeding." The Plant Journal 107, no. 2: 579-596.
European horticulture, especially in the southern states, must exploit new qualities to increase the added value of its vegetables. This article aims to analyze the situation of the European geographical quality labels Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) and Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) to ascertain whether they are useful for this purpose. To this end, we studied the registers of the current horticultural products awarded PDO or PGI status, and we surveyed the authorities responsible for managing the labels for these products. We found that protected labels have grown steadily since their inception about thirty years ago, becoming a powerful mechanism for landrace conservation and a source of added benefits. The strongest points in the management of these labels include anchoring the products in the local history and culture roots and defining the prominent characteristics of their external appearance, and the weakest points are the lack of information about chemical traits and especially about sensory traits (texture, odor, taste). To strengthen PDO and PGI labels, we propose increasing the requirements for sensory descriptions, homogenizing protocols for analyzing sensory traits, incorporating methods combining trained sensory panels and instrumental methods such as spectroscopy, and involving public administrations in both obtaining and managing the labels. As an example of the potential impact of European geographical labels on territorial rebalancing and the organization of European horticulture, we propose a panoply of products in Spain that are good candidates for protected status.
Roser Romero del Castillo; Silvia Sans; Francesc Casañas; Salvador Soler; Jaime Prohens; Maria José Diez; Joan Casals. Fine tuning European geographic quality labels, an opportunity for horticulture diversification: A tentative proposal for the Spanish case. Food Control 2021, 129, 108196 .
AMA StyleRoser Romero del Castillo, Silvia Sans, Francesc Casañas, Salvador Soler, Jaime Prohens, Maria José Diez, Joan Casals. Fine tuning European geographic quality labels, an opportunity for horticulture diversification: A tentative proposal for the Spanish case. Food Control. 2021; 129 ():108196.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRoser Romero del Castillo; Silvia Sans; Francesc Casañas; Salvador Soler; Jaime Prohens; Maria José Diez; Joan Casals. 2021. "Fine tuning European geographic quality labels, an opportunity for horticulture diversification: A tentative proposal for the Spanish case." Food Control 129, no. : 108196.
The pepino (Solanum muricatum) is a neglected crop from the Andean region with potential for expansion to many areas of the world. However, there is a lack of studies in pepino related to its response to water stress. In this study, we have subjected plantlets of seven pepino cultivars (Mur1-Mur7) to three treatments consisting of a fully irrigated control (C), a moderate water stress (WS-M), and a severe water stress (WS-S). Thirty-one traits related to growth, photosynthetic pigments, mono and divalent ions, osmolytes and antioxidants were measured. Significant differences were found among cultivars for most traits. The WS-M treatment did not affect most growth and biochemical parameters, while large differences with respect to the control were observed with the WS-S treatment. In general, the WS-S treatment induced an inhibition of the growth parameters, mainly the reduction of the fresh weight of leaves, stems and roots, as well as their water content. A principal component analysis (PCA) performed on the relative values of growth traits, together with the ANOVA for the traits for which significant interaction cultivar × treatment was detected, showed that cultivars Mur2 and Mur4 are the most tolerant to water stress. Although no clear-cut differences were observed among cultivars, the water-stressed plants of Mur2 and Mur4 displayed less variation with respect to the control than the other cultivars for the physiological and biochemical traits measured. Overall, photosynthetic pigments, malondialdehyde and total flavonoids decreased under severe water stress, while proline, Na+ and K+ contents increased significantly. The results obtained provide relevant information on the response to drought of pepino and have allowed identifying two cultivars better adapted to water stress that could be useful in breeding pepino for drought tolerance.
Juan Pacheco; Mariola Plazas; Ilaria Pettinari; Anbu Landa-Faz; Sara González-Orenga; Monica Boscaiu; Salvador Soler; Jaime Prohens; Oscar Vicente; Pietro Gramazio. Moderate and severe water stress effects on morphological and biochemical traits in a set of pepino (Solanum muricatum) cultivars. Scientia Horticulturae 2021, 284, 110143 .
AMA StyleJuan Pacheco, Mariola Plazas, Ilaria Pettinari, Anbu Landa-Faz, Sara González-Orenga, Monica Boscaiu, Salvador Soler, Jaime Prohens, Oscar Vicente, Pietro Gramazio. Moderate and severe water stress effects on morphological and biochemical traits in a set of pepino (Solanum muricatum) cultivars. Scientia Horticulturae. 2021; 284 ():110143.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuan Pacheco; Mariola Plazas; Ilaria Pettinari; Anbu Landa-Faz; Sara González-Orenga; Monica Boscaiu; Salvador Soler; Jaime Prohens; Oscar Vicente; Pietro Gramazio. 2021. "Moderate and severe water stress effects on morphological and biochemical traits in a set of pepino (Solanum muricatum) cultivars." Scientia Horticulturae 284, no. : 110143.
Improving the productivity of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants subjected to combined salinity and heat stresses is a significant challenge, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. Gianco F1 cucumbers were grafted onto five cucurbit rootstocks and, together with an ungrafted control, were grown in Egypt in a net house with saline soil during the summer season over two years. The vegetative growth, yield, quality, biochemical, and mineral composition traits were measured. Although many differences were observed among treatments, in general, the grafted plants had a performance better than or similar to that of the ungrafted plants, based on the different parameters measured. In particular, the cucumber plants grafted onto the Cucurbita maxima × C. moschata interspecific hybrid rootstocks VSS-61 F1 and Ferro had the highest early and total marketable yields. These two rootstocks consistently conferred higher vigor to the scion, which had lower flower abortion rates and higher chlorophyll contents. The fruit quality and N, P, and K composition in the leaves suffered few relevant changes as compared with the control. However, the leaves of the VSS-61 F1 had higher catalase activity, as well as proline and Se contents, while those of Ferro had higher Si content. This study reveals that the grafting of cucumber plants onto suitable rootstocks may mitigate the adverse effects caused by the combination of saline soil and heat stresses. This represents a significant improvement for cucumber cultivation in saline soil under high-temperature stress conditions in arid regions.
Yousry Bayoumi; Emad Abd-Alkarim; Hassan El-Ramady; Farouk El-Aidy; El-Samahy Hamed; Naglaa Taha; Jaime Prohens; Mohamed Rakha. Grafting Improves Fruit Yield of Cucumber Plants Grown under Combined Heat and Soil Salinity Stresses. Horticulturae 2021, 7, 61 .
AMA StyleYousry Bayoumi, Emad Abd-Alkarim, Hassan El-Ramady, Farouk El-Aidy, El-Samahy Hamed, Naglaa Taha, Jaime Prohens, Mohamed Rakha. Grafting Improves Fruit Yield of Cucumber Plants Grown under Combined Heat and Soil Salinity Stresses. Horticulturae. 2021; 7 (3):61.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYousry Bayoumi; Emad Abd-Alkarim; Hassan El-Ramady; Farouk El-Aidy; El-Samahy Hamed; Naglaa Taha; Jaime Prohens; Mohamed Rakha. 2021. "Grafting Improves Fruit Yield of Cucumber Plants Grown under Combined Heat and Soil Salinity Stresses." Horticulturae 7, no. 3: 61.
Limonium is one of the most interesting and biodiverse genera of halophytes, with many species adapted to saline environments. Limonium species have a promising potential as cultivated minor crops as many have ornamental value, or are already used as medicinal plants. Other species are marketed as gourmet food or can be used for decontamination of polluted soils. Design and implementation of specific breeding programmes are needed to fully realise this potential, based on the vast genetic variation and high stress tolerance of wild species within the genus. Most Limonium species are halophytes, but many are also resistant to drought, especially those from the Mediterranean and other arid regions. Such species constitute attractive models for basic research on the mechanisms of stress tolerance, both constitutive and induced. As typical recretohalopyhtes, with excretive salt glands, Limonium species possess remarkable morpho-anatomical traits. Salt tolerance in this genus relies also on ion accumulation in the leaves, the concomitant use of diverse osmolytes for osmotic adjustment, and the activation of efficient antioxidant systems.
Sara González-Orenga; Marius-Nicusor Grigore; Monica Boscaiu; Oscar Vicente. Constitutive and Induced Salt Tolerance Mechanisms and Potential Uses of Limonium Mill. Species. Agronomy 2021, 11, 413 .
AMA StyleSara González-Orenga, Marius-Nicusor Grigore, Monica Boscaiu, Oscar Vicente. Constitutive and Induced Salt Tolerance Mechanisms and Potential Uses of Limonium Mill. Species. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (3):413.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSara González-Orenga; Marius-Nicusor Grigore; Monica Boscaiu; Oscar Vicente. 2021. "Constitutive and Induced Salt Tolerance Mechanisms and Potential Uses of Limonium Mill. Species." Agronomy 11, no. 3: 413.
Eggplant fruit shape is an important quantitative agronomic trait. The use of introgression lines (ILs) for QTLs identification is a powerful tool for the elucidation of the genetic control of eggplant fruit shape. In the present study, a set of 16 eggplant ILs, each harboring a single marker-defined chromosomal segment from the wild eggplant relative S. incanum in the genetic background of S. melongena, was evaluated for fruit shape in two environments (open field and screenhouse). A detailed phenotyping of the fruits of the two parents, hybrid and ILs was performed using 32 morphological descriptors of the phenomics tool Tomato Analyzer. Several morphological differences were found between parents, and the hybrid displayed negative heterosis for many fruit shape traits, being more similar to the S. incanum parent. Significant differences for most fruit shape descriptors were found between ILs and the recipient parent. For many descriptors, the genotype factor had the highest contribution to the percentage of the sum of squares. Although the contributions of the environment and the G × E interaction were significant for almost all descriptors, their effects on fruit shape were relatively low. Hierarchical clustering revealed nine clusters of highly correlated traits and six ILs groups. A total of 41 stable QTLs spread over ten chromosomes were detected. Of these, twenty QTLs associated to Basic Measurement and Fruit Shape Index descriptors were syntenic to other previously reported in several intraspecific and interspecific eggplant populations, while twenty-one QTLs, including Blockiness, Homogeneity, Asymmetry and Internal Eccentricity, were new. In addition, mutations associated to genes belonging to SUN, OVATE and YABBY families described in tomato were reported in the QTLs genomic regions identified in eggplant. Eleven SUN and YABBY genes were proposed as potential candidate controlling fruit shape variations in eggplant. Our results provide novel and highly relevant insights on the genetics of fruit shape in eggplant and have important implications for eggplant breeding.
Giulio Mangino; Santiago Vilanova; Mariola Plazas; Jaime Prohens; Pietro Gramazio. Fruit shape morphometric analysis and QTL detection in a set of eggplant introgression lines. Scientia Horticulturae 2021, 282, 110006 .
AMA StyleGiulio Mangino, Santiago Vilanova, Mariola Plazas, Jaime Prohens, Pietro Gramazio. Fruit shape morphometric analysis and QTL detection in a set of eggplant introgression lines. Scientia Horticulturae. 2021; 282 ():110006.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiulio Mangino; Santiago Vilanova; Mariola Plazas; Jaime Prohens; Pietro Gramazio. 2021. "Fruit shape morphometric analysis and QTL detection in a set of eggplant introgression lines." Scientia Horticulturae 282, no. : 110006.
The use of antimitotic agents such as colchicine has been common to obtain polyploid organisms. However, this approach entails certain problems, from its toxicity to the operators for being carcinogenic compounds to the instability of the individuals obtained, and the consequent reversion to its original ploidy because the individuals obtained in most cases are chimeric. In vitro culture allows taking advantage of the full potential offered by the cellular totipotence of plant organisms. Based on this, we present a new in vitro culture protocol to obtain polyploid organisms using zeatin riboside (ZR) and eggplant as a model organism. Flow cytometry is used to identify tetraploid regenerants. The regeneration of whole plants from the appropriate tissues using ZR allowed developing polyploid individuals in eggplant, a crop that tends to be recalcitrant to in vitro organogenesis. Thanks to the use of the polysomatic pattern of the explants, we have been able to develop a methodology that allows to obtain stable non-chimeric polyploid individuals from organogenic processes.
Edgar García-Fortea; Ana García-Pérez; Esther Gimeno-Páez; Marina Martínez-López; Santiago Vilanova; Pietro Gramazio; Jaime Prohens; Mariola Plazas. Ploidy Modification for Plant Breeding Using In Vitro Organogenesis: A Case in Eggplant. Methods in Molecular Biology 2020, 2264, 197 -206.
AMA StyleEdgar García-Fortea, Ana García-Pérez, Esther Gimeno-Páez, Marina Martínez-López, Santiago Vilanova, Pietro Gramazio, Jaime Prohens, Mariola Plazas. Ploidy Modification for Plant Breeding Using In Vitro Organogenesis: A Case in Eggplant. Methods in Molecular Biology. 2020; 2264 ():197-206.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEdgar García-Fortea; Ana García-Pérez; Esther Gimeno-Páez; Marina Martínez-López; Santiago Vilanova; Pietro Gramazio; Jaime Prohens; Mariola Plazas. 2020. "Ploidy Modification for Plant Breeding Using In Vitro Organogenesis: A Case in Eggplant." Methods in Molecular Biology 2264, no. : 197-206.
Climate change and its detrimental effects on agricultural production, freshwater availability and biodiversity accentuated the need for more stress-tolerant varieties of crops. This requires unraveling the underlying pathways that convey tolerance to abiotic stress in wild relatives of food crops, industrial crops and ornamentals, whose tolerance was not eroded by crop cycles. In this work we try to demonstrate the feasibility of such strategy applying and investigating the effects of saline stress in different species and cultivars of Portulaca. We attempted to unravel the main mechanisms of stress tolerance in this genus and to identify genotypes with higher tolerance, a procedure that could be used as an early detection method for other ornamental and minor crops. To investigate these mechanisms, six-week-old seedlings were subjected to saline stress for 5 weeks with increasing salt concentrations (up to 400 mM NaCl). Several growth parameters and biochemical stress markers were determined in treated and control plants, such as photosynthetic pigments, monovalent ions (Na+, K+ and Cl−), different osmolytes (proline and soluble sugars), oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde—a by-product of membrane lipid peroxidation—MDA) and non-enzymatic antioxidants (total phenolic compounds and total flavonoids). The applied salt stress inhibited plant growth, degraded photosynthetic pigments, increased concentrations of specific osmolytes in both leaves and roots, but did not induce significant oxidative stress, as demonstrated by only small fluctuations in MDA levels. All Portulaca genotypes analyzed were found to be Na+ and Cl− includers, accumulating high amounts of these ions under saline stress conditions, but P. grandiflora proved to be more salt tolerant, showing only a small reduction under growth stress, an increased flower production and the lowest reduction in K+/Na+ rate in its leaves.
Orsolya Borsai; Mohamad Hassan; Cornel Negrușier; M. Raigón; Monica Boscaiu; Radu Sestraș; Oscar Vicente. Responses to Salt Stress in Portulaca: Insight into Its Tolerance Mechanisms. Plants 2020, 9, 1660 .
AMA StyleOrsolya Borsai, Mohamad Hassan, Cornel Negrușier, M. Raigón, Monica Boscaiu, Radu Sestraș, Oscar Vicente. Responses to Salt Stress in Portulaca: Insight into Its Tolerance Mechanisms. Plants. 2020; 9 (12):1660.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOrsolya Borsai; Mohamad Hassan; Cornel Negrușier; M. Raigón; Monica Boscaiu; Radu Sestraș; Oscar Vicente. 2020. "Responses to Salt Stress in Portulaca: Insight into Its Tolerance Mechanisms." Plants 9, no. 12: 1660.
Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacerum is one of the most economically and destructive eggplant diseases in many tropical and subtropical areas of the world. The objectives of this study were to develop interspecific hybrids, as potential rootstocks, between the eggplant (Solanum melongena) bacterial wilt resistant line EG203 and four wild accessions (S. incanum UPV1, S. insanum UPV2, S.anguivi UPV3, and S. sisymbriifolium UPV4), and to evaluate interspecific hybrids along with parents for resistance to bacterial wilt strains Pss97 and Pss2016. EG203 was crossed successfully with wild accessions UPV2 and UPV3 and produced viable seeds that germinated when wild accessions were used as a maternal parent in the crosses. In addition, viable interspecific hybrids between EG203 and UPV1 were obtained in both directions of the hybridization, although embryo rescue had to be used. Hybridity was confirmed in the four developed interspecific hybrid combinations with three SSR markers. EG203 was resistant to both strains Pss97 and Pss2016, while UPV1 and UPV3 were, respectively, resistant and moderately resistant to Pss2016. The four interspecific hybrids with UPV2, UPV3, and UPV1 were susceptible to both bacterial wilt strains, indicating that the resistance of EG203, UPV1, and UPV3 behaves as recessive in interspecific crosses. However, given the vigor of interspecific hybrids between eggplant and the three cultivated wild species, these hybrids may be of interest as rootstocks. However, the development of interspecific hybrid rootstocks resistant to bacterial wilt will probably require the identification of new sources of dominant resistance to this pathogen in the eggplant wild relatives.
Mohamed Rakha; Ahmed Namisy; Jaw-Rong Chen; Mohammed E. El-Mahrouk; Elmahdy Metwally; Naglaa Taha; Jaime Prohens; Mariola Plazas; Dalia Taher. Development of Interspecific Hybrids Between a Cultivated Eggplant Resistant to Bacterial Wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum) and Eggplant Wild Relatives for the Development of Rootstocks. Plants 2020, 9, 1405 .
AMA StyleMohamed Rakha, Ahmed Namisy, Jaw-Rong Chen, Mohammed E. El-Mahrouk, Elmahdy Metwally, Naglaa Taha, Jaime Prohens, Mariola Plazas, Dalia Taher. Development of Interspecific Hybrids Between a Cultivated Eggplant Resistant to Bacterial Wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum) and Eggplant Wild Relatives for the Development of Rootstocks. Plants. 2020; 9 (10):1405.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohamed Rakha; Ahmed Namisy; Jaw-Rong Chen; Mohammed E. El-Mahrouk; Elmahdy Metwally; Naglaa Taha; Jaime Prohens; Mariola Plazas; Dalia Taher. 2020. "Development of Interspecific Hybrids Between a Cultivated Eggplant Resistant to Bacterial Wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum) and Eggplant Wild Relatives for the Development of Rootstocks." Plants 9, no. 10: 1405.
Thalictrum maritimum is an endangered, endemic species in East Spain, growing in areas of relatively low salinity in littoral salt marshes. A regression of its populations and the number of individuals has been registered in the last decade. This study aimed at establishing the causes of this reduction using a multidisciplinary approach, including climatic, ecological, physiological and biochemical analyses. The climatic data indicated that there was a direct negative correlation between increased drought, especially during autumn, and the number of individuals censused in the area of study. The susceptibility of this species to water deficit was confirmed by the analysis of growth parameters upon a water deficit treatment applied under controlled greenhouse conditions, with the plants withstanding only 23 days of complete absence of irrigation. On the other hand, increased salinity does not seem to be a risk factor for this species, which behaves as a halophyte, tolerating in controlled treatments salinities much higher than those registered in its natural habitat. The most relevant mechanisms of salt tolerance in T. maritimum appear to be based on the control of ion transport, by (i) the active transport of toxic ions to the aerial parts of the plants at high external salinity—where they are presumably stored in the leaf vacuoles to avoid their deleterious effects in the cytosol, (ii) the maintenance of K+ concentrations in belowground and aboveground organs, despite the increase of Na+ levels, and (iii) the salt-induced accumulation of Ca2+, particularly in stems and leaves. This study provides useful information for the management of the conservation plans of this rare and endangered species.
Sara González-Orenga; Calin Trif; Mͣ Pilar Donat-Torres; Josep V. Llinares; Francisco Collado; P. Pablo Ferrer-Gallego; Emilio Laguna; Monica Boscaiu; Oscar Vicente. Responses to Increased Salinity and Severe Drought in the Eastern Iberian Endemic Species Thalictrum maritimum (Ranunculaceae), Threatened by Climate Change. Plants 2020, 9, 1251 .
AMA StyleSara González-Orenga, Calin Trif, Mͣ Pilar Donat-Torres, Josep V. Llinares, Francisco Collado, P. Pablo Ferrer-Gallego, Emilio Laguna, Monica Boscaiu, Oscar Vicente. Responses to Increased Salinity and Severe Drought in the Eastern Iberian Endemic Species Thalictrum maritimum (Ranunculaceae), Threatened by Climate Change. Plants. 2020; 9 (10):1251.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSara González-Orenga; Calin Trif; Mͣ Pilar Donat-Torres; Josep V. Llinares; Francisco Collado; P. Pablo Ferrer-Gallego; Emilio Laguna; Monica Boscaiu; Oscar Vicente. 2020. "Responses to Increased Salinity and Severe Drought in the Eastern Iberian Endemic Species Thalictrum maritimum (Ranunculaceae), Threatened by Climate Change." Plants 9, no. 10: 1251.
The development of double haploids (DHs) is a straightforward path for obtaining pure lines but has multiple bottlenecks. Among them is the determination of the optimal stage of pollen induction for androgenesis. In this work, we developed Microscan, a deep learning-based system for the detection and recognition of the stages of pollen development. In a first experiment, the algorithm was developed adapting the RetinaNet predictive model using microspores of different eggplant accessions as samples. A mean average precision of 86.30% was obtained. In a second experiment, the anther range to be cultivated in vitro was determined in three eggplant genotypes by applying the Microscan system. Subsequently, they were cultivated following two different androgenesis protocols (Cb and E6). The response was only observed in the anther size range predicted by Microscan, obtaining the best results with the E6 protocol. The plants obtained were characterized by flow cytometry and with the Single Primer Enrichment Technology high-throughput genotyping platform, obtaining a high rate of confirmed haploid and double haploid plants. Microscan has been revealed as a tool for the high-throughput efficient analysis of microspore samples, as it has been exemplified in eggplant by providing an increase in the yield of DHs production.
Edgar García-Fortea; Ana García-Pérez; Esther Gimeno-Páez; Alfredo Sánchez-Gimeno; Santiago Vilanova; Jaime Prohens; David Pastor-Calle. A Deep Learning-Based System (Microscan) for the Identification of Pollen Development Stages and Its Application to Obtaining Doubled Haploid Lines in Eggplant. Biology 2020, 9, 272 .
AMA StyleEdgar García-Fortea, Ana García-Pérez, Esther Gimeno-Páez, Alfredo Sánchez-Gimeno, Santiago Vilanova, Jaime Prohens, David Pastor-Calle. A Deep Learning-Based System (Microscan) for the Identification of Pollen Development Stages and Its Application to Obtaining Doubled Haploid Lines in Eggplant. Biology. 2020; 9 (9):272.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEdgar García-Fortea; Ana García-Pérez; Esther Gimeno-Páez; Alfredo Sánchez-Gimeno; Santiago Vilanova; Jaime Prohens; David Pastor-Calle. 2020. "A Deep Learning-Based System (Microscan) for the Identification of Pollen Development Stages and Its Application to Obtaining Doubled Haploid Lines in Eggplant." Biology 9, no. 9: 272.
Abiotic stress represents a main constraint for agriculture, affecting plant growth and productivity. Drought and soil salinity, especially, are major causes of reduction of crop yields and food production worldwide. It is not unexpected, therefore, that the study of plant responses to abiotic stress and stress tolerance mechanisms is one of the most active research fields in plant biology. This Special Issue compiles 22 research papers and 4 reviews covering different aspects of these responses and mechanisms, addressing environmental stress factors such as drought, salinity, flooding, heat and cold stress, deficiency or toxicity of compounds in the soil (e.g., macro and micronutrients), and combination of different stresses. The approaches used are also diverse, including, among others, the analysis of agronomic traits based on morphological characteristics, physiological and biochemical studies, and transcriptomics or transgenics. Despite its complexity, we believe that this Special Issue provides a useful overview of the topic, including basic information on the mechanisms of abiotic stress tolerance as well as practical aspects such as the alleviation of the deleterious effects of stress by different means, or the use of local landraces as a source of genetic material adapted to combined stresses. This knowledge should help to develop the agriculture of the (near) future, sustainable and better adapted to the conditions ahead, in a scenario of global warming and environmental pollution.
Monica Boscaiu; Ana Fita. Physiological and Molecular Characterization of Crop Resistance to Abiotic Stresses. Agronomy 2020, 10, 1308 .
AMA StyleMonica Boscaiu, Ana Fita. Physiological and Molecular Characterization of Crop Resistance to Abiotic Stresses. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (9):1308.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMonica Boscaiu; Ana Fita. 2020. "Physiological and Molecular Characterization of Crop Resistance to Abiotic Stresses." Agronomy 10, no. 9: 1308.
The compelling need to increase global agricultural production requires new breeding approaches that facilitate exploiting the diversity available in the plant genetic resources. Multi-parent advanced generation inter-cross (MAGIC) populations are large sets of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) that are a genetic mosaic of multiple founder parents. MAGIC populations display emerging features over experimental bi-parental and germplasm populations in combining significant levels of genetic recombination, a lack of genetic structure, and high genetic and phenotypic diversity. The development of MAGIC populations can be performed using “funnel” or “diallel” cross-designs, which are of great relevance choosing appropriate parents and defining optimal population sizes. Significant advances in specific software development are facilitating the genetic analysis of the complex genetic constitutions of MAGIC populations. Despite the complexity and the resources required in their development, due to their potential and interest for breeding, the number of MAGIC populations available and under development is continuously growing, with 45 MAGIC populations in different crops being reported here. Though cereals are by far the crop group where more MAGIC populations have been developed, MAGIC populations have also started to become available in other crop groups. The results obtained so far demonstrate that MAGIC populations are a very powerful tool for the dissection of complex traits, as well as a resource for the selection of recombinant elite breeding material and cultivars. In addition, some new MAGIC approaches that can make significant contributions to breeding, such as the development of inter-specific MAGIC populations, the development of MAGIC-like populations in crops where pure lines are not available, and the establishment of strategies for the straightforward incorporation of MAGIC materials in breeding pipelines, have barely been explored. The evidence that is already available indicates that MAGIC populations will play a major role in the coming years in allowing for impressive gains in plant breeding for developing new generations of dramatically improved cultivars.
Andrea Arrones; Santiago Vilanova; Mariola Plazas; Giulio Mangino; Laura Pascual; María José Díez; Jaime Prohens; Pietro Gramazio. The Dawn of the Age of Multi-Parent MAGIC Populations in Plant Breeding: Novel Powerful Next-Generation Resources for Genetic Analysis and Selection of Recombinant Elite Material. Biology 2020, 9, 229 .
AMA StyleAndrea Arrones, Santiago Vilanova, Mariola Plazas, Giulio Mangino, Laura Pascual, María José Díez, Jaime Prohens, Pietro Gramazio. The Dawn of the Age of Multi-Parent MAGIC Populations in Plant Breeding: Novel Powerful Next-Generation Resources for Genetic Analysis and Selection of Recombinant Elite Material. Biology. 2020; 9 (8):229.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrea Arrones; Santiago Vilanova; Mariola Plazas; Giulio Mangino; Laura Pascual; María José Díez; Jaime Prohens; Pietro Gramazio. 2020. "The Dawn of the Age of Multi-Parent MAGIC Populations in Plant Breeding: Novel Powerful Next-Generation Resources for Genetic Analysis and Selection of Recombinant Elite Material." Biology 9, no. 8: 229.