The volatiles obtained from fresh flowers of Khaya grandifoliola C.DC. and Khaya senegalensis A.Juss. by hydro-distillation method were analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Sesquiterpenes represent 86.32% and 80.86% of the identified volatile compounds of K. grandifoliola (KgO) and K. senegalensis (KsO) oil, respectively. Caryophyllene-oxide (23.01%), isocaryophyllene (Z) (21.99%), and α-humulene (13.46%) were the main compounds identified in KgO, whereas in KsO they were caryophyllene oxide (14.85%), β-caryophyllene (43.59%), and α-humulene (15.72%). The volatiles were tested for cytotoxic activity against liver (HepG-2), breast (MCF-7), and colon (HCT-116) human cancer cell lines. K. grandifoliola and K. senegalensis oils displayed cytotoxic activity with IC₅₀ (21.6, 26.1, and 37.6 μg.mL) and (61.1, 79.7, and 61 μg.mL), respectively. Sesquiterpene content of Khaya oils may contribute to their cytotoxic activity.

Leaf extracts of Cassia roxburghii DC., prepared in petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, and methanol/water (70:30, v/v), were evaluated as antioxidant, pro-oxidant, anti-infectious, and cytotoxic agents. The major metabolite of each extract was identified by chromatographic and spectroscopic means. The redox properties were assessed with a battery of assays, which revealed that the ethyl acetate extract demonstrated an interesting scavenging activity of DPPH and superoxide radicals and an ascorbic acid-like pro-oxidant activity. All the tested extracts showed moderate antiplasmodial activity against a chloroquine-resistant strain of Plasmodium falciparum, by possible disruption of parasite fine redox balance. Cytotoxicity was evaluated against a human breast cancer cell line. The antimicrobial activities of the extracts were estimated against representative bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus hirae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli) and fungal species (Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger). The ethylacetate extract possessed the highest redox properties and exhibited the highest antiplasmodial activity; there was no correlation between antibacterial activity and the redox properties of the extracts.

Petroleum ether and acetone extracts of Citrus aurantifolia Swingle seeds were tested against Toxocara vitulorum (Ascaris), and Fasciola gicantica {larvae and Eggs), Trihconstronylus colubriformis{adult worms , larvae and Eggs), larvae of Trichinella spiralis , in addition to Eimeria oocyst .The results revealed variation in the lethal effect with different organisms. Petroleum ether(40-60) extract tested at 100% concentration showed 100 % mortality effect against all parasites except T. colubriformis. larvae (39. 6% mortality) .The larvicidal effect of acetone extract vary from T. colubriformis (adult worms) , F. gicantica (mature fluks) and T.spiralis larvae (LC 50 = 415,522,630 ppm ) respectively, but no effect was observed against ascaris (adult worms) or T. colubriformis (larvae). Acetone extract was effective against the eggs of T.vitulorum, F. gicantica and T. colubriformis (LC50 275, 155, 309 ppm) respectively. Also, an oocidal effect was observed against Eimeria (LC50 = 631 ppm) Phytochemical study of the bioactive extracts lead to identification of limonin and limonexic acid beside nine coumarins from acetone extract, the isolated compounds were identified by chemical and spectral analysis. The petroleum ether extract was saponified and analyzed by GC/Mass.