The present study aims to evaluate and validate a statistical model for maximizing biosurfactant productivity by Bacillus brevis using response surface methodology. In this respect, twenty bacterial isolates were screened for biosurfactant production using hemolytic activity, oil spreading technique, and emulsification index (E24). The most potent biosurfactant-producing bacterium (B. brevis) was used for construction of the statistical response surface model. The optimum conditions for biosurfactant production by B. brevis were: 33 °C incubation temperature at pH 8 for 10 days incubation period and 8.5 g/L glucose concentration as a sole carbon source. The produced biosurfactant (BS) (73%) exhibited foaming activity, thermal stability in the range 30-80 °C for 30 min., pH stability, from 4 to 9 and antimicrobial activity against (Escherichia coli). The BS gave a good potential application as an emulsifier.

Diabetes is the most common metabolic disorder in both developing and non-developing countries, and a well-recognized global health problem. The WHO anticipates an increase in cases from 171 million in 2000 to 366 million by 2030. In the present study, we focus on the preparation of pyrimidine derivatives as potential antidiabetic and antimicrobial agents. Thein vivoeffect on total serum glucose concentration, cholesterol and antioxidant activity was assessed in adult male albino Wister rats and compared to the reference drug glimperide. Promising results were observed for compound 5. The histopathological study confirms that compound 5 results in significant activity with liver maintenance. The antimicrobial activities were evaluated against several bacterial strains such as Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 25566, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli NRRN 3008, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538and fungi such as Rhizopus oligosporus, Mucor miehei and Asperillus niger. Compounds 4 and 5 showed a good inhibition of the bacterial zone compared to the reference drug cephradine. Finally, we suggest protein targets for these drugs based on computational analysis, and infer their activities from their predicted modes of binding using molecular modeling. The molecular modeling for compounds 4 and 5 resulted in improved docking scores and hydrogen bonding. The docking studies are in good agreement with the in vitro and in vivo studies.

In the present study, versatile multifunctional unreported triazolo[1,5-a]quinoline derivatives were prepared. Compounds 1–19 were synthesized by adopting appropriate synthetic routes and were pharmacologically evaluated for their in vitro anticancer activity against human cancer cell lines: hepatocellular liver carcinoma (HEPG2) and Caucasian breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), in addition to their antibacterial and antifungal activities. Compound 4 demonstrated strong inhibitory effects against breast cancer (MCF-7), whereas compounds 8 and 19 exhibited moderate activity against breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7. Compounds 16 and 19 gave moderate activity against liver carcinoma cell line HEPG2. The antimicrobial activity of the prepared compounds was tested against bacteria and fungi. Among them, the results of antimicrobial activity indicated that compounds 4, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 18 and 19 were the most active compounds. Compound 4 exhibited strong activity against Fusarium sp., whereas compounds 9, 11, 15, 17, 18 and 19 showed high activity against Escherichia coli. More specifically, compound 17 displayed a high inhibitory effect against Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and Rhizoctonia sp.