The electrical energy industry depends, among other things, on the ability of networks to deal with uncertainties from several directions. Smart-grid systems in high-voltage direct current (HVDC) networks, being an application of artificial intelligence (AI), are a reliable way to achieve this goal as they solve complex problems in power system engineering using AI algorithms. Due to their distinctive characteristics, they are usually effective approaches for optimization problems. They have been successfully applied to HVDC systems. This paper presents a number of issues in HVDC transmission systems. It reviews AI applications such as HVDC transmission system controllers and power flow control within DC grids in multi-terminal HVDC systems. Advancements in HVDC systems enable better performance under varying conditions to obtain the optimal dynamic response in practical settings. However, they also pose difficulties in mathematical modeling as they are non-linear and complex. ANN-based controllers have replaced traditional PI controllers in the rectifier of the HVDC link. Moreover, the combination of ANN and fuzzy logic has proven to be a powerful strategy for controlling excessively non-linear loads. Future research can focus on developing AI algorithms for an advanced control scheme for UPFC devices. Also, there is a need for a comprehensive analysis of power fluctuations or steady-state errors that can be eliminated by the quick response of this control scheme. This survey was informed by the need to develop adaptive AI controllers to enhance the performance of HVDC systems based on their promising results in the control of power systems. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2023-07-02-024 Full Text: PDF

In this paper, stochastic scheduling of a hybrid system (HS) composed of a photovoltaic (PV) array and wind turbines incorporated with a battery storage (HPV/WT/Batt) system in the distribution network was proposed to minimize energy losses, the voltage profile, and the HS cost, and to improve reliability in shape of the energy-not-supplied (ENS) index, considering energy-source generation and network demand uncertainties through the unscented transformation (UT). An improved escaping-bird search algorithm (IEBSA), based on the escape operator from the local optimal, was employed to identify the optimal location of the HS in the network in addition to the optimal quantity of PV panels, wind turbines, and batteries. The deterministic results for three configurations of HPV/WT/Batt, PV/Batt, and WT/Batt were presented, and the results indicate that the HPV/WT/Batt system is the optimal configuration with lower energy losses, voltage deviation, energy not supplied, and a lower HS energy cost than the other configurations. Deterministic scheduling according to the optimal configuration reduced energy losses, ENS, and voltage fluctuation by 33.09%, 53.56%, and 63.02%, respectively, compared to the base network. In addition, the results demonstrated that the integration of battery storage into the HPV/WT enhanced the various objectives. In addition, the superiority of IEBSA over several well-known algorithms was proved in terms of obtaining a faster convergence, better objective value, and lower HS costs. In addition, the stochastic scheduling results based on the UT revealed that the uncertainties increase the power losses, voltage deviations, ENS, and HPV/WT/Batt cost by 2.23%, 5.03%, 2.20%, and 1.91%, respectively, when compared to the deterministic scheduling.

Optimal Control of Brushless DC Motor for Electric Vehicle Based on Particle Swarm Optimization

The integration of Fuzzy Logic and Long Short-Term Memory Recurrent Neural Networks (LSTM-RNN) is employed to handle healthcare data, leading to a significant improvement in the prediction of unknown disease outcomes and notably enhancing reliability and accuracy. In this research, we propose an integrated IoT-based healthcare data management system with Fuzzy Long Short-Term Memory Recurrent Neural Network (IF-LSTM-RNN) for disease prediction and diagnosis. Our approach includes gathering data via IoT devices, preprocessing through min-max normalization, and utilizing IF-LSTM-RNN for predictions. Clinical data is first collected and preprocessed, from which the health outcomes of patients are then predicted through IF-LSTM-RNN. The anticipated data is securely stored in Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems, making it more secure and providing accurate predictions. To evaluate the performance of the proposed system, we applied it to a dataset comprising glucose concentrations from 12,612 data points of five monitored subjects with diabetes. The IF-LSTM-RNN outperformed traditional techniques (Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, and K-Nearest Neighbors) with an accuracy of 99.62%, precision of 98.71%, recall of 97.91%, an F1-score of 98.64%, sensitivity of 98.95%, and specificity of 97.88%. The IF-LSTM-RNN also achieved a correct classification rate of 99.37% with an execution time of approximately 1.28 seconds. The results demonstrate that the proposed framework offers a viable solution for secure and effective healthcare data management and prediction in IoT environments.

An electroencephalogram that was captured with electrodes placed can easily get contaminated with a variety of artifacts. Here is a comparative of various electroencephalogram (EEG) de-noising techniques. Three alternative techniques are used to eliminate five different kinds of noise, and also the outcomes are evaluated. These three methods are just the Least Mean Square (LMS) technique, the Connected Neural Network, and also the Recursive Least - square (RLS) adaptable algorithm (FCNN). Period charts of the actual EEG signal, the noise EEG signal, and thus the predicted EEG signal are used to display the results. RRMSE and signal- to-noise ratio were utilized to compare the effectiveness of the 3 de-noising strategies in this study. Investigating the model parameters in this case, we discover the FCNN forecasts a better outcome compared to the other two methods.