This paper seeks to understand the way in which social capital resources are incorporated, appropriated and distributed by different social classes in Europe. Its main goal is to produce a conceptual framework by linking the concepts of social capital with the different theoretical assessments made by the sociology of social classes. We use multivariate analysis to work a set of quantitative indicators from the European Social Survey 2008 in order to assess the relationship between these concepts. Our methodological approach combines transnational levels, i.e., it is not an international comparison between European countries but an analysis of individual people and their belonging to social classes.

Air pollution is a global issue that impacts environmental inequalities, and air quality sensors can have a decisive role in city policymaking for future cities. Science and society are already aware that during the most challenging times of COVID-19, the levels of air pollution in cities decreased, especially during lockdowns, when road traffic was reduced. Several pollution parameters can be used to analyse cities’ environmental challenges, and it is more pressing than ever to have city climate decisions supported by sensor data. We have applied a data science approach to understand the evolution of the levels of carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter 2.5, and particulate matter 10 between August 2021 and July 2022. The analysis of the air quality levels, captured for the first time via 80 monitoring stations distributed throughout the municipality of Lisbon, has allowed us to realize that nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter 10 exceed the levels that are recommended by the World Health Organization, thereby increasing the health risk for those who live and work in Lisbon. Supported by these findings, we propose a central role for air quality sensors for policymaking in future cities, taking as a case study the municipality of Lisbon, Portugal, which is among the European cities that recently proposed be climate-neutral and smart city by 2030.

Com a expansão generalizada das qualificações na Europa, algumas abordagens têm vindo a defender que a dimensão educativa se tem enfraquecido enquanto fator implicado na mobilidade social e como elemento estrutural nas desigualdades e oportunidades sociais. Este estudo perspetiva, quer nos seus posicionamentos teóricos quer na sua verificação empírica, as desigualdades educacionais e as suas implicações na mobilidade e nas desigualdades sociais entre países do sul, e entre este conjunto e a Europa no seu todo. Esta análise é, ainda, contextualizada através do reconhecimento de dinâmicas educacionais dos últimos 60 anos. O seu desenvolvimento visa, também, aprofundar a importância das origens educativas nos destinos educativos e socioprofissionais; e identificar padrões de fluidez educativa e de desigualdade educacional, contextualizando-os no quadro de transições educacionais diferenciadas em termos nacionais. O inquérito internacional European Social Survey (2012) é a referência empírica central.Palavras-chave: Desigualdades educativas; mobilidade social; Europa do Sul; contexto europeu ABSTRACT With the widespread expansion of educational processes in Europe, some approaches that have been proposed argue that the educational dimension has been weakened as a factor involved in social mobility processes and as a structural element in social opportunities and inequalities. This paper discusses these proposals, contradicting them through alternative theoretical positions and a solid empirical base. The developed analysis envisages educational inequalities and their impacts on social mobility and inequality in targeted manner in Southern Europe and in the European context. This perspective was also sustained by a comparison between countries and recognized over time (last 60 years). Some questions were developed, empirically sustained, particularly concerning the importance of socio-educational backgrounds in the socio-education and socio-occupational destinations and the identification of patterns of social fluidity and educational inequalities, drawing matches with different educational transitions in national terms. We used as central database the European Social Survey (2012).Keywords: Educational inequalities; social mobility; Southern Europe; European context

The aim of this article is to present some contributions to the understanding of social inequality in Europe today. We analyse the distributional inequalities of economic and educational resources as well as the categorical inequalities between nation states and between social classes. The source of the empirical data was the European Social Survey 2012. We were able to calculate European income deciles, build a matrix of class-country segments, and analyse the intersections of this structural matrix with the distributions of income and schooling. The results reveal high degrees of distributional inequality in Europe. They also show the structural configurations assumed in Europe by the intersection of distributive and categorical inequalities.