In this study, the innovative dip-coating technique treated titanium (IDCT-Ti) implant with tetrapeptide Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp (GRGD) coating was investigated for its potential to enhance osseointegration. The L929 fibroblast cells were cultured in different concentrations of the GRGD (1%, 2%, and 5%). The cell viability was assessed through 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and live/dead staining. The surface topography and nano-indentation were analyzed by atomic force microscopy. The hemocompatibility was evaluated via field-emission scanning electron microscopy, while contact angle analysis was detected by a goniometer. Radiograph evaluation was determined by panoramic imaging. It was found that the cell growth increased and had a survival rate of more than 70% in 1% GRGD. The mortality of L929 increased with the higher concentration of GRGD. The IDCT-Ti coated with 1% GRGD showed a nano-surface with a Young’s modulus that was similar to human cortical bone, and it displayed greater red blood cell accumulations with abundant fibrin formation. As regards the wettability, the IDCT-Ti coated with 1% GRGD was lower than the SLA (sandblasted, large-grit, and acid-etched) treated implant. The X-ray image exhibited no bone loss around the implant at six months after placement. As a result, this study suggests that the IDCT-Ti implant, coated with 1% GRGD, has a tremendous likeliness to enhance osseointegration.

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of surface-modified biomedical titanium (Ti) dental implant on osseointegration. The surfaces were modified using an innovative dip-coating technique (IDCT; sandblasted, large-grit, and acid-etched, then followed by coating with the modified pluronic F127 biodegradable polymer). The surface morphology and hemocompatibility evaluations were investigated by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, while the contact analysis was observed by goniometer. The IDCT-modified Ti implant was also implanted in patients with missing teeth by single-stage surgical procedure then observed immediately and again four months after placement by cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT) imaging. It was found that the IDCT-modified Ti implant was rougher than the dental implant without surface modification. Contact angle analysis showed the IDCT-modified Ti implant was lower than the dental implant without surface modification. The hemocompatibility evaluations showed greater red blood cell aggregation and fibrin filament formation on the IDCT-modified Ti implant. The radiographic and CBCT image displayed new bone formation at four months after the IDCT-modified Ti implant placement. Therefore, this study suggests that the IDCT-modified Ti dental implant has great potential to accelerate osseointegration.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of combining an innovative bioceramic α-calcium sulfate hemihydrate (α-CSH, CaSO₄⋅0.5H₂O) bone graft and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) to accelerate bone healing and regeneration in a rabbit model. The bone graft material was implanted bilaterally on rabbit’s artificially maxillary sinus defects: the right maxillary sinus received α-CSH, while α-CSH combine with PRP (α-CSH/PRP) was grafted in left site. The quantity and quality of bone formation after implantation were analyzed radiographically and histologically at 1, 2, and 3 weeks. The micro-computed tomographic results indicated that the bone density of sinus implanted with α-CSH increased and defect volume decreased most after 2 weeks. In histological analysis, both hematoxylin and eosin and Masson trichrome staining of α-CSH/PRP displays better bone healing and regeneration progress than α-CSH after 2 weeks implantation. Therefore, the innovative α-CSH combined with PRP was revealed to be useful in accelerating bone healing and regeneration for the successful defect treatment.

This study aimed to analyze characteristics of an innovative α-calcium sulfate hemihydrate (α-CSH) bioceramic and bone healing and regeneration characteristics following its implantation on artificially created defects of rat models and human jaw defects. The α-CSH bioceramic was characterized using field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and thermal-imaging instruments. The material was implanted on artificially created defects in a rat’s right hind leg bone and observed histologically after three days and seven weeks. The material was also implanted in patients with bone defects in the posterior maxillary, then observed immediately and six months post-treatment by panoramic and computed tomography image. The FE-SEM confirm this material is a uniform-shaped short column crystal, while the EDS measurement reveals calcium as the most component in this material. Thermal observation shows temperature change during the setting time is less than 2 °C, and the maximum temperature reached is 31 °C. In the histological analysis, α-CSH bioceramic shows new trabecular bone formation and absorbed material at seven weeks post-treatment. Moreover, panoramic and computed tomography image shows intact bone six months post-treatment. Therefore, this study suggests that the innovative α-CSH bioceramic can be useful in bone defect treatment.

The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Trigona spp. propolis as an antioxidant to reduce residual peroxide after intra-coronal bleaching treatments. Thirty-five maxillary central incisors were divided into seven groups: five samples without antioxidants; sodium ascorbate 10% combined with Tween 80 0.2%; and Trigona spp. propolis 10%. The lengths of the application time were 1 h, 24 h, and 48 h. Each application time consisted of five samples. Root resection followed by artificial discoloration was performed in the samples. Then, intra-coronal bleaching using 35% hydrogen peroxide was applied. After the tooth color changed, the bleaching material was cleared, and this was followed by the applications of sodium ascorbate 10% combined with Tween 80 0.2% and Trigona spp. propolis 10%. The peroxide residue was measured by assessing dissolved oxygen using a titration analysis with either the Winkler or iodometric method. Data were analyzed using the ANOVA test and Tukey’s HSD test. The lowest peroxide residue amount was found with the application of antioxidants for 48 h after the intra-coronal bleaching treatment using 35% hydrogen peroxide. However, there was no significant difference between sodium ascorbate 10% combined with Tween 80 0.2% and Trigona spp. propolis 10% to reduce peroxide residues after the intra-coronal bleaching treatment (p > 0.05). Therefore, these findings indicate that Trigona spp. propolis 10% effectively reduces peroxide residues after intra-coronal bleaching treatments, which can interfere with the bond of the composite to the tooth surface and shorten the wait time for composite restorations after bleaching treatments.

Due to the increasing interest in direct restoration, there is a need to address the shortcomings of these restorations, mainly by increasing the longevity of complex direct restorations. The present study aimed to evaluate the tensile strength differences in the complex restoration of posterior teeth with dentin replacement constructed by fiber and non-fiber materials. The samples were extracted from the mandibular permanent-molar and prepared using a complex cavity. The cavity was subsequently restored with the centripetal incremental technique using a nano-fill composite and different base materials, namely fiber dentin replacement, non-fiber dentin replacement, and flowable composite. The universal testing machine was used to consider the tensile strength and the fracture patterns were assessed using stereomicroscopy, followed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) examination. The data were statistically analyzed using the one-way ANOVA test. No significant differences were noted in the tensile strength of the three base materials. By using stereomicroscopy and SEM, the adhesive fracture patterns were observed more clearly in the cavities with fiber-based dentin replacement, whereas mixed fracture patterns were evident in cavities with non-fiber dentin replacement and flowable composite bases. The results indicated that the addition of fiber in dentin replacement did not affect the tensile strength in the complex restoration. Therefore, dentin replacement of both fiber and non-fiber materials is applicable as a base material for complex restoration of the posterior tooth.