This study evaluated the effectiveness of moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaves decoction for removing a smear layer compared to sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), as well as its antimicrobial activities. The moringa leaves were extracted using hot water decoction at two different concentrations (2.5% and 5.0% w/v). A total of 30 extracted human single-rooted teeth were prepared to assess the smear layer removal efficacy. The presence of a smear layer in the middle third of the root canal was detected by confocal microscopy. Then the antibacterial effects were assessed against Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus mutans bacteria using the agar diffusion method. The 2.5% and 5.0% decoction were significantly more effective than 0.25% NaOCl in removing the smear layer (p < 0.05); however, no significant difference was observed compared to EDTA (p > 0.05). The in vitro antimicrobial assay showed that 5.0% decoction had higher antimicrobial activity against both of the test pathogens. The findings of this study suggest that moringa leaves decoction can be considered an effective irrigant in endodontics.

One disease that often affects the pulp is necrotic teeth, which are caused by some irritants. Most major irritants aremicrobes, such as bacteria. This study aimed to determine the type of bacteria in the necrotic root canal. Samples wereobtained from fifteen patients with necrotic teeth in Conservation Clinic of Dental Hospital, Faculty of Dentistry,Hasanuddin University. Specimens of bacteria from samples taken using paper points were inserted into the root canal.The specimens identified in the Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine. The results showed that there areseven types of bacteria that vary in number, most are gram-positive facultative anaerobic bacteria Actinomyces spp. Itwas concluded that Actinomyces spp. is the dominant species of bacteria on the necrotic tooth root canal.

This prospective cohort study aimed to clarify differences in the longitudinal effects on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among patients undergoing endodontic treatment for irreversible pulpitis and for pulp necrosis, using a newly developed oral health-related endodontic patient’s quality of life (OHQE) scale. This study included 131 patients diagnosed with irreversible pulpitis and pulp necrosis. Comprehensive data regarding the patient’s background, medical history, and dental history were collected. The OHQE was administered three times to each patient: before and after endodontic treatment, as well as 2 weeks after endodontic treatment as a follow-up. Statistical analysis was performed using a linear mixed model for repeated measurements of changes in the OHQE score over time in cases of irreversible pulpitis and pulp necrosis. The patients consisted of 48 (36.6%) males and 83 (63.4%) females with a mean age of 36.2 (standard deviation, 12.6) years. Of these, 62 (47.3%) had irreversible pulpitis, and 69 (52.7%) had pulp necrosis. Intragroup comparisons showed an improvement in the OHQE scores over time in both groups (p < 0.001). Group comparisons revealed no significant differences at any time point. No interactions or changes over time were observed between the two groups. No difference in the improvement of quality of life after endodontic treatment was seen in the two disease groups, and both groups improved over time. However, patients’ expectations of receiving endodontic treatment remained unchanged after treatment. Therefore, dental providers should consider explaining the value of endodontic treatment to patients and address the measures that contribute to patient satisfaction.

Introduction: The effect of bleaching on tooth structure is the loss of interprismatic substance which causes prism irregularities and changes in enamel morphology such as increased porosity and demineralization. This can be stopped by encouraging remineralization if the pH is neutralized and there are enough calcium and phosphate ions in the oral cavity. One agent that can be used to help the remineralization process is nano hydroxyapatite (nHA) which is a bioactive and biocompatible material for the natural mineral enamel. This study aims to determine change in the percentage of porosity, calcium, phosphate and hydroxyapatite synthesized from blood clam shells (Anadara granosa) and CPP-ACP as a positive control. Material and methods: The research design was a pre-post test control group design. Six maxillary first premolars were cut to the CEJ with a size of 5x5x2 mm then 40% hydrogen peroxide was applied. The first group was applied nHA synthesized from blood clam shells and the second group was applied CPP-ACP. Determination the percentage of porosity, calcium, phosphate and hydroxyapatite was carried out before and after bleaching and after aplication of remineralizing agent. Results: The study showed an decrease the porosity, calcium, phospate and increase hydroxyapatite precentage after sampel was applied to the remineralizating material nHA synthesized from blood clam shells and CPP-ACP. Conlusion: nHA results of blood clam shell synthesis has the potential to be used as an enamel remineralization agent after in-office bleaching. Key words: Blood clam shell, Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate, In-office bleaching, Nano Hydroxyapatite

Restoring anterior teeth requiring angulation correction remains clinically challenging. Polyethylene fiber posts have been introduced, offering superior adaptability within the root canal and improved aesthetics. However, the effect of varying degrees of post angulation on the fracture resistance of restored teeth has not been thoroughly investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the fracture resistance of maxillary incisors restored using polyethylene fiber posts at varying angulations. Thirty-two extracted incisors were selected according to the study criteria. Root canal treatment and gutta-percha removal were performed to prepare for polyethylene fiber posts. All study samples were subsequently divided into four groups of angulations: P1 (5°), P2 (10°), P3 (15°), and a control group (0°). Fracture resistance was tested, and the data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Post-Hoc comparison with the least significant difference (LSD) statistical tests. A statistically significant difference in fracture resistance was observed among the groups, with group P1 demonstrating the highest fracture resistance (281.29 ± 84.97 N) and the control group exhibiting the lowest (164.75 ± 41.75 N). There was a difference in the fracture resistance of the maxillary incisors when using polyethylene fiber posts at angulation degrees of 5° and 0°, and angulation degrees of 5° and 15°. Therefore, anterior tooth restoration with angulation correction of 5°–10° can utilize polyethylene fiber posts.

Diskolorasi gigi merupakan masalah estetik yang dapat disebabkan oleh faktor intrinsik, faktor ekstrinsik, atau kombinasi keduanya. Salah satu perawatan pada kasus diskolorisasi gigi adalah bleaching eksternal dengan keunikan perawatan pendekatan minimal invasif untuk mendapatkan hasil estetik yang baik pada diskolorasi gigi ekstrinsik. Tujuan laporan kasus ini adalah untuk menyampaikan penatalaksanaan diskolorasi gigi ekstrinsik pada pasien dengan perawatan minimal invasif. Laki-laki berusia 22 tahun datang dengan keluhan gigi depan rahang atas dan rahang bawah bawah tampak berwarna kuning dan pasien ingin memutihkan giginya. Pada gigi pasiendilakukan perawatan minimal invasif dengan prosedur bleaching eksternal teknik in-office bleaching menggunakan bahan hidrogen peroksida (H2O2) konsentrasi 40%. Penatalaksanaan pada gigi yang mengalami diskolorasi gigi ekstrinsik adalah perawatan bleaching eksternal dengan teknik in-office bleaching karena merupakan perawatan minimal invasif yang dapat memberikan hasil perubahan warna dengan prosedur yang lebih cepat.