As a result of global energy demand increase, concerns over global warming, and rapid exhaustion of fossil fuels, there is a growing interest in energy system dependence on clean and sustainable energy resources. Attractive power technologies include photovoltaic panels, wind turbines, and biomass power. Fuel cells are also clean energy units that substitute power generators based on fossil fuels. They are employed in various applications, including transportation, stationary power, and small portable power. Fuel cell connections to utility grids require that the power conditioning units, interfacing the fuel cells and the grids, operate accordingly (by complying with the grid requirements). This study aims to model a centralised, single-stage grid-tied three-level diode clamped inverter interfacing a multi-stack fuel cell system. The inverter is expected to produce harmonic distortions of less than 0.5% and achieve an efficiency of 85%. Besides the grid, the system consists of a 1.54 MW/1400 V DC proton exchange membrane fuel cell, a 1.3 MW three-level diode clamped inverter with a nominal voltage of 600 V, and an inductance-capacitance-inductance (LCL) filter. Two case studies based on the load conditions are considered to assess the developed system’s performance further. In case 1, the fuel cell system generates enough power to fully meet this load and exports the excess to the grid. In the other case, a load of 2.5 MW was connected at the grid-tied fuel cell inverter’s output terminals. The system imports the grid’s power to meet the 2.5 MW load since the fuel cell can only produce 1.54 MW. It is demonstrated that the system can supply and also receive power from the grid. The results show the developed system’s good performance with a low total harmonic distortion of about 0.12% for the voltage and 0.07% for the current. The results also reveal that the fuel cell inverter voltage and the frequency at the point of common coupling comply with the grid requirements.

Fuel cell systems are expected to play a key role for power generation in various applications ranging from domestic, commercial to industrial. A solid oxide fuel cell is one of the types which is suitable for high-power demand. It can power diverse systems including trains, ships, vehicles as well as supplying industrial and residential loads. In this study, a microgrid using a 1.4 MW solid oxide fuel cell is considered operating in grid connection mode under 600 volts. A grid connected inverter is modelled and controlled as a closed loop control system to supply a 1.2 local load while feeding any excess into the grid. The inverter control scheme comprises voltage and current regulators to provide a good power factor and satisfy synchronisation requirements with the utility grid in synchronous frame. The frequency and phase of the inverter are synchronised with those of the grid through a phaselocked-loop. An LCL filter serving as an interface between the inverter and the grid is used to minimise harmonics produced by the grid-connected inverter. Matlab/Simulink environment is used for the modelling and simulation. The results obtained show good performance of the proposed microgrid as well as the inverter design and control approach with a low total harmonic distortion of about 0.5%.