This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.
Crack issues afflicting a building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) system are major concerns in terms of the system’s maintenance and power degradation. Although there may be many circumstances that bring about cracks in BIPV modules during the installation process, identifying the degradation of PV module efficiency resulting from the effects of cracks tends to be a very difficult task unless actual indoor or outdoor tests or detailed electroluminescence imaging tests are conducted. Many current studies have demonstrated that cracks may or may not impact the output performance of PV modules depending on the damage levels or where the damage is located. For BIPV applications such as replacement for building materials, there is still a lack of information and case studies addressing crack issues in a quantitative manner for evaluating BIPV output performance. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to investigate the effects of cracks in BIPV modules on power outputs and to identify detailed relationships between the cracks and power output based on experimental and simulated analysis. An experimental facility located in Daejeon, South Korea, was used to gather data from cracked and non-cracked BIPV modules. By using the field-measured data and facility’ information, a simulation model was developed using SolarPro software, and a simulated-based analysis was conducted to evaluate the impact of cracks in BIPV modules on output values after proper validation of the model. The results from this study reveal that cracks in BIPV modules exhibit significant degradation in BIPV modules’ outputs of up to 43% reduction during the experimental period. From the annual comparative results, output degradations of 34.6–35.4% were estimated when the BIPV modules included cracks. As a result, the cracks in the BIPV modules could be carefully addressed as issues occurring in the BIPV installation process.
Kyung-Woo Lee; Hyo-Mun Lee; Ru-Da Lee; Dong-Su Kim; Jong-Ho Yoon. The Impact of Cracks in BIPV Modules on Power Outputs: A Case Study Based on Measured and Simulated Data. Energies 2021, 14, 836 .
AMA StyleKyung-Woo Lee, Hyo-Mun Lee, Ru-Da Lee, Dong-Su Kim, Jong-Ho Yoon. The Impact of Cracks in BIPV Modules on Power Outputs: A Case Study Based on Measured and Simulated Data. Energies. 2021; 14 (4):836.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKyung-Woo Lee; Hyo-Mun Lee; Ru-Da Lee; Dong-Su Kim; Jong-Ho Yoon. 2021. "The Impact of Cracks in BIPV Modules on Power Outputs: A Case Study Based on Measured and Simulated Data." Energies 14, no. 4: 836.
This paper presents an analysis to foresee renewable design requirement changes of net- zero carbon buildings (NZCBs) under different scenarios of potential future climate scenarios in the U.S. Northeast and Midwest regions. A climate change model is developed in this study using the Gaussian random distribution method with monthly temperature changes over the whole Northeast and Midwest regions, which are predicted based on a high greenhouse gas (GHG) emission scenario (i.e., the representative concentration pathways (RCP) 8.5). To reflect the adoption of NZCBs potential in future, this study also considers two representative future climate scenarios in the 2050s and 2080s of climate change years in the U.S. Northeast and Midwest regions. An office prototype building model integrates with an on-site photovoltaics (PV) power generation system to evaluate NZCB performance under the climate change scenarios with an assumption of a net-metering electricity purchase agreement. Appropriate capacities of the on-site PV system needed to reach NZCB balances are determined based on the building energy consumption impacted by the simulated climate scenarios. Results from this study demonstrated the emission by electricity consumption increases as moving toward the future scenarios of up to about 25 tons of CO2-eq (i.e., about 14% of the total CO2-eq produced by the electricity energy source) and the PV installation capacity to offset the emission account for the electricity consumption increases significantly up to about 40 kWp (i.e., up to more than 10% of total PV installation capacities) as the different climate scenarios are applied. It is concluded that the cooling energy consumption of office building models would significantly impact GHG emission as future climate scenarios are considered. Consequently, designers of NZCBs should consider high performance cooling energy systems in their designs to reduce the renewable energy generation system capacity to achieve net-zero carbon emission goals.
Dongsu Kim; Heejin Cho; Pedro J. Mago; Jongho Yoon; HyoMun Lee. Impact on Renewable Design Requirements of Net-Zero Carbon Buildings under Potential Future Climate Scenarios. Climate 2021, 9, 17 .
AMA StyleDongsu Kim, Heejin Cho, Pedro J. Mago, Jongho Yoon, HyoMun Lee. Impact on Renewable Design Requirements of Net-Zero Carbon Buildings under Potential Future Climate Scenarios. Climate. 2021; 9 (1):17.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDongsu Kim; Heejin Cho; Pedro J. Mago; Jongho Yoon; HyoMun Lee. 2021. "Impact on Renewable Design Requirements of Net-Zero Carbon Buildings under Potential Future Climate Scenarios." Climate 9, no. 1: 17.