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Recently, inflammasomes such as NLRP3 as cytosolic pattern-recognition receptors have been implicated in the development of inflammation; however, limited investigations report the circulating levels of this protein. The objective, thus, was to investigative circulating NLRP3 levels in Saudi patients with a low-grade inflammatory disorder called metabolic syndrome (MetS). Two hundred Saudi adults aged 30–65, with or without MetS diagnosed on the basis of National Cholesterol Education Programme Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) criteria, were randomly recruited. Five MetS components were established according to the diagnostic criteria in the study subjects. Circulating levels of NLRP3 and known inflammation markers, such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukins (IL-1β and IL-18), were measured in the blood samples taken from the study subjects. Gender-based analysis showed a significant elevated circulating levels of NLRP3 in non-MetS men compared to non-MetS females (p< 0.001). Moreover, an increase in circulating levels of NLRP3 with a number of MetS components (p = 0.038) was observed only in females. A significant positive correlation of NLRP3 levels with age (r = 0.20, p = 0.04), BMI (r = 0.32, p< 0.01) and waist (r = 0.24, p = 0.02) and a significant negative correlation between NLRP3 and HDL-cholesterol (r= −0.21, p = 0.03) were also observed in females. Logistic regression analysis also yielded a sex-specific positive association of NLRP3 with MetS in females, with this association influenced mostly by central obesity and dyslipidemia components of MetS. In conclusion, this study suggests a sexual disparity in the circulating levels of NLRP3, with a trend of increasing circulating NLRP3 levels with increasing MetS components observed only in females, influenced mostly by adiposity and dyslipidemia components of MetS. Longitudinal studies with a larger sample size and investigating sex-specific hormones with NLRP3 would be needed to establish a causal relationship of NLRP3 with MetS.
Nasser Al-Daghri; Kaiser Wani; Hind AlHarthi; Amani Alghamdi; Abdullah Alnaami; Sobhy Yakout. Sex-Specific Signature in the Circulating NLRP3 Levels of Saudi Adults with Metabolic Syndrome. Journal of Clinical Medicine 2021, 10, 3288 .
AMA StyleNasser Al-Daghri, Kaiser Wani, Hind AlHarthi, Amani Alghamdi, Abdullah Alnaami, Sobhy Yakout. Sex-Specific Signature in the Circulating NLRP3 Levels of Saudi Adults with Metabolic Syndrome. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2021; 10 (15):3288.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNasser Al-Daghri; Kaiser Wani; Hind AlHarthi; Amani Alghamdi; Abdullah Alnaami; Sobhy Yakout. 2021. "Sex-Specific Signature in the Circulating NLRP3 Levels of Saudi Adults with Metabolic Syndrome." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 15: 3288.
The study aimed to explore the influence of the COVID-19 lockdown on the mental status and dietary intake of residents in Saudi Arabia. In this cross-sectional study, an online survey was conducted from 11 May to 6 June 2020 corresponding to almost two weeks during and after Ramadan (23 April–23 May 2020). The Patient Health Questionnaire was used to assess anxiety, depression, and insomnia. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of anxiety, depression, and insomnia. The prevalence of anxiety, depression, and insomnia among the participants was 25.4%, 27.7%, and 19.6%, respectively. Participants aged ≥50 years with high income (≥8000 SAR) were at a lower risk of developing depression, whereas participants of the same age group with income 5000–7000 SAR were at high risk of developing anxiety. Students and master-educated participants suffer from median elevated depression and are required to take more multivitamins and vitamin D than others. Anxiety and depression were more common among married participants with low income. There is a wide range of Saudi residents who are at a higher risk of mental illness during the COVID-19 pandemic. Policymakers and mental healthcare providers are advised to provide continuous monitoring of the psychological consequences during this pandemic and provide mental support.
Hanan Alfawaz; Sobhy Yakout; Kaiser Wani; Ghadah Aljumah; Mohammed Ansari; Malak Khattak; Syed Hussain; Nasser Al-Daghri. Dietary Intake and Mental Health among Saudi Adults during COVID-19 Lockdown. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 1653 .
AMA StyleHanan Alfawaz, Sobhy Yakout, Kaiser Wani, Ghadah Aljumah, Mohammed Ansari, Malak Khattak, Syed Hussain, Nasser Al-Daghri. Dietary Intake and Mental Health among Saudi Adults during COVID-19 Lockdown. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (4):1653.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHanan Alfawaz; Sobhy Yakout; Kaiser Wani; Ghadah Aljumah; Mohammed Ansari; Malak Khattak; Syed Hussain; Nasser Al-Daghri. 2021. "Dietary Intake and Mental Health among Saudi Adults during COVID-19 Lockdown." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4: 1653.
While the independent roles of vitamin D and sex hormones in skeletal health are well established, the associations of vitamin D and its metabolites to sex hormones and their indices are less investigated. In this observational study, clinical information of 189 Saudi postmenopausal women aged ≥50 years old [N = 80 with normal bone mineral density (BMD), aged 53.3 ± 7.7 years with body mass index (BMI)= 34.1kg/m2 ± 5.8, and N = 109 with low BMD (T-score −1.0 to −2.5), aged 57.0 ± 8.2 years, BMI = 32.4kg/m2 ± 6.2] was extracted from an existing capital-wide osteoporosis registry in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Data included were BMD scores, serum total 25(OH)D, sex hormones, and bone turnover markers which were measured using commercially available assays. Age- and BMI-adjusted comparisons revealed significantly higher parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels as well as significantly lower testosterone and bioavailable testosterone in the low BMD group than the normal BMD group (p-values 0.04, 0.02, and 0.03, respectively). Stepwise linear regression showed that circulating testosterone levels accounted for 9.7% and 8.9% of the variances perceived in bioavailable 25(OH)D and free 25(OH)D, respectively (p < 0.01), independent of other sex hormones, sex hormone indices, and bone turnover markers. Our study suggests that androgens are significantly associated with non-conventional vitamin D metabolites and these associations may have clinical relevance in assessing risk for low BMD and osteoporosis in Arab postmenopausal women.
Nasser Al-Daghri; Sobhy Yakout; Mohammed Ansari; Syed Hussain; Kaiser Wani; Shaun Sabico. Vitamin D Metabolites and Sex Steroid Indices in Postmenopausal Women with and without Low Bone Mass. Metabolites 2021, 11, 86 .
AMA StyleNasser Al-Daghri, Sobhy Yakout, Mohammed Ansari, Syed Hussain, Kaiser Wani, Shaun Sabico. Vitamin D Metabolites and Sex Steroid Indices in Postmenopausal Women with and without Low Bone Mass. Metabolites. 2021; 11 (2):86.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNasser Al-Daghri; Sobhy Yakout; Mohammed Ansari; Syed Hussain; Kaiser Wani; Shaun Sabico. 2021. "Vitamin D Metabolites and Sex Steroid Indices in Postmenopausal Women with and without Low Bone Mass." Metabolites 11, no. 2: 86.
Receptor activator of the nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin genes (OPG) were identified as susceptible loci for postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) in various ethnicities, but neither have been studied in an Arabian population. Hence, the current study aimed to fill this gap. A total of 372 postmenopausal women (174 osteoporosis (OP) and 198 control group (CTRs)) were genotyped for four SNPs: rs2277438A/G and rs9533156T/C (RANKL), and rs2073618C/G and rs3102735T/C (OPG). Anthropometrics, bone mineral density, 25(OH)D and several other bone markers were measured. The frequency distribution of the heterozygous CG genotype of rs2073618 (OPG) was lower in the OP (36.8%) than in CTRs (47%) (OR: 0.6, 95% CI: 0.3–0.97; p = 0.041). No differences in the allelic/genotypic frequencies were detected between the two groups for all other studied SNPs. However, the heterozygous TC genotype of rs3102735 (OPG) was associated significantly with lower BMD at the femoral neck in OP subjects (p = 0.04). The homozygous rare CC genotype of rs9533156 (RANKL) was associated with lower 25(OH)D levels in CTRs (p = 0.032). In contrast, heterozygous AG genotype of rs2277438 (RANKL) is associated with lower 25(OH)D in the OP group (p = 0.02). Our results suggest that RANKL SNPs may impact 25(OH)D levels and that OPG SNP rs2073618A/G is a significant genetic risk factor for PMO Saudi Arabian women.
Saba Abdi; Rawan Binbaz; Abdul Mohammed; Mohammed Ansari; Kaiser Wani; Osama Amer; Abdullah Alnaami; Naji Aljohani; Nasser Al-Daghri. Association of RANKL and OPG Gene Polymorphism in Arab Women with and without Osteoporosis. Genes 2021, 12, 200 .
AMA StyleSaba Abdi, Rawan Binbaz, Abdul Mohammed, Mohammed Ansari, Kaiser Wani, Osama Amer, Abdullah Alnaami, Naji Aljohani, Nasser Al-Daghri. Association of RANKL and OPG Gene Polymorphism in Arab Women with and without Osteoporosis. Genes. 2021; 12 (2):200.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSaba Abdi; Rawan Binbaz; Abdul Mohammed; Mohammed Ansari; Kaiser Wani; Osama Amer; Abdullah Alnaami; Naji Aljohani; Nasser Al-Daghri. 2021. "Association of RANKL and OPG Gene Polymorphism in Arab Women with and without Osteoporosis." Genes 12, no. 2: 200.
NLRP3 inflammasome is one of the multimeric protein complexes of the nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat (NLR)-containing pyrin and HIN domain family (PYHIN). When activated, NLRP3 inflammasome triggers the release of pro-inflammatory interleukins (IL)-1β and IL-18, an essential step in innate immune response; however, defective checkpoints in inflammasome activation may lead to autoimmune, autoinflammatory, and metabolic disorders. Among the consequences of NLRP3 inflammasome activation is systemic chronic low-grade inflammation, a cardinal feature of obesity and insulin resistance. Understanding the mechanisms involved in the regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome in adipose tissue may help in the development of specific inhibitors for the treatment and prevention of obesity-mediated metabolic diseases. In this narrative review, the current understanding of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and regulation is highlighted, including its putative roles in adipose tissue dysfunction and insulin resistance. Specific inhibitors of NLRP3 inflammasome activation which can potentially be used to treat metabolic disorders are also discussed.
Kaiser Wani; Hind Alharthi; Amani Alghamdi; Shaun Sabico; Nasser M. Al-Daghri. Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Obesity-Mediated Metabolic Disorders. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 511 .
AMA StyleKaiser Wani, Hind Alharthi, Amani Alghamdi, Shaun Sabico, Nasser M. Al-Daghri. Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Obesity-Mediated Metabolic Disorders. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (2):511.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKaiser Wani; Hind Alharthi; Amani Alghamdi; Shaun Sabico; Nasser M. Al-Daghri. 2021. "Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Obesity-Mediated Metabolic Disorders." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2: 511.
Vitamin B12 insufficiency is a global health issue among women of childbearing age, yet few studies have investigated its prevalence and risk factors among healthy Middle Eastern populations. This cross-sectional study included 346 Saudi women aged 19–30 years and enrolled at King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A series of questionnaires were administered to record the study participants’ sociodemographic status, medical history, dietary intake, and physical activity. Participants’ anthropometric data were also recorded and their fasting blood samples were analyzed. The rate of vitamin B12 insufficiency (≤220 pmol/L) was approximately 6% among the study participants. After adjusting for confounding factors, it was observed that the risk factors for vitamin B12 insufficiency included daily sitting time ≥ 7 h, low income (2.4 mcg/day) has been shown to confer reasonable protection against vitamin B12 insufficiency. These study findings highlight that a combination of increased physical activity and dietary vitamin B12 intake above the current recommended dietary allowance may help improve the serum vitamin B12 levels of young women of childbearing age, especially those with a low socioeconomic status. Timely detection and protection against vitamin B12 insufficiency in this subpopulation are important to prevent maternal and fetal health risks.
Sara Al-Musharaf; Philip G. McTernan; Syed Danish Hussain; Khalid Abdullah Aleisa; Abdullah M. Alnaami; Kaiser Wani; Ponnusamy Saravanan; Nasser Al-Daghri. Prevalence and Indicators of Vitamin B12 Insufficiency among Young Women of Childbearing Age. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 18, 1 .
AMA StyleSara Al-Musharaf, Philip G. McTernan, Syed Danish Hussain, Khalid Abdullah Aleisa, Abdullah M. Alnaami, Kaiser Wani, Ponnusamy Saravanan, Nasser Al-Daghri. Prevalence and Indicators of Vitamin B12 Insufficiency among Young Women of Childbearing Age. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 18 (1):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSara Al-Musharaf; Philip G. McTernan; Syed Danish Hussain; Khalid Abdullah Aleisa; Abdullah M. Alnaami; Kaiser Wani; Ponnusamy Saravanan; Nasser Al-Daghri. 2020. "Prevalence and Indicators of Vitamin B12 Insufficiency among Young Women of Childbearing Age." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 1: 1.
The objective of this study was to examine the awareness, knowledge, and habits regarding dietary fiber intake and to analyze its relationship with self-reported health status among Saudi adults. A survey-based study using face-to-face interview was designed, and 1363 apparently healthy adult Saudi males and females participated. Most participants were females (81.2%), aged 25 and above (87.2%), and were educated at least up to the secondary level of education (80.8%). The majority of the participants were aware of the role of fiber-rich foods in health conditions such as obesity (70.5%), cardiovascular diseases (68.9%), and regulation of blood sugar (68.9%), with females significantly having higher nutrition knowledge than males. A disconnect in translating this nutrition knowledge was observed particularly in food choices when eating out, where preferences for white bread (84.4%), fried potatoes (69.9%) and peeled fruits (60.6%) were significantly higher than preferences for cooked vegetables (29.6%) and brown bread (18.1%). The most common reason for this disconnect was due to perception that foods rich in dietary fibers were expensive (72.1%), have less health benefits (56.5%), were not readily available (51.6%), and participants’ disliking of the taste (52.8%). Participants in the highest quartile (Q4) for dietary fiber consumption reported a lower prevalence of constipation (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval of 0.40, 0.28–0.57, p < 0.01), high cholesterol (0.43, 0.27–0.68, p < 0.01) and obesity (0.67, 0.44–0.98, p = 0.03) than participants in the lowest quartile (Q1). Dietary fiber intake appears to be protective against constipation, high cholesterol and obesity in Saudi adults. However, a disparity observed between knowledge and attitude towards intake of dietary fibers could limit its health benefits. Further studies including adolescents should be conducted to impart knowledge on the emotional, cognitive and sensory factors related to food choices in order to minimize the gap between nutrition knowledge and the consumption of healthy high-fiber diets.
Hanan Alfawaz; Nasiruddin Khan; Haya Alhuthayli; Kaiser Wani; Muneerah A. Aljumah; Malak Nawaz Khan Khattak; Saad A. Alghanim; Nasser M. Al-Daghri. Awareness and Knowledge Regarding the Consumption of Dietary Fiber and Its Relation to Self-Reported Health Status in an Adult Arab Population: A Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 1 .
AMA StyleHanan Alfawaz, Nasiruddin Khan, Haya Alhuthayli, Kaiser Wani, Muneerah A. Aljumah, Malak Nawaz Khan Khattak, Saad A. Alghanim, Nasser M. Al-Daghri. Awareness and Knowledge Regarding the Consumption of Dietary Fiber and Its Relation to Self-Reported Health Status in an Adult Arab Population: A Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (12):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHanan Alfawaz; Nasiruddin Khan; Haya Alhuthayli; Kaiser Wani; Muneerah A. Aljumah; Malak Nawaz Khan Khattak; Saad A. Alghanim; Nasser M. Al-Daghri. 2020. "Awareness and Knowledge Regarding the Consumption of Dietary Fiber and Its Relation to Self-Reported Health Status in an Adult Arab Population: A Cross-Sectional Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 12: 1.
Current dietary supplement (DS) use among Saudi school students is not well described. In this study, we aim to investigate the prevalence and predictors of DS use among adolescents. This cross-sectional study collected data via self-administered questionnaire from 1221 students (12 to 18 years). The overall prevalence of DS use was 26.2%, significantly higher in females than males (33% vs. 17.9%, p < 0.001). High proportion of female DS users demonstrated normal BMI than males (84% vs. 56.5%, p < 0.001). High percentage of male DS users were engaged in vigorous and/or high physical activity (PA) levels than female DS users (58.2% vs. 43%, p = 0.022; and 57.1% vs. 20.7%, p < 0.001, respectively). The main reasons for DS use among females were vitamin deficiency (63.3%), hair condition (37.6%) and nail health (23.5%) while in males, the main reasons were vitamin deficiency (58.4%) and body building (34.4%). The predictors of DS use in Saudi adolescents included being female, having high family income and being physically active. In conclusion, the overall prevalence and preference of DS use, though low among Saudi adolescents, was driven mostly by gender, physical activity levels and socioeconomic factors like family income. DS use guidelines and counselling among Saudi adolescents are warranted to improve public health.
Hanan Alfawaz; Nasiruddin Khan; Alwateen Almarshad; Kaiser Wani; Muneerah A. Aljumah; Malak Nawaz Khan Khattak; Nasser M. Al-Daghri. The Prevalence and Awareness Concerning Dietary Supplement Use among Saudi Adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 3515 .
AMA StyleHanan Alfawaz, Nasiruddin Khan, Alwateen Almarshad, Kaiser Wani, Muneerah A. Aljumah, Malak Nawaz Khan Khattak, Nasser M. Al-Daghri. The Prevalence and Awareness Concerning Dietary Supplement Use among Saudi Adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (10):3515.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHanan Alfawaz; Nasiruddin Khan; Alwateen Almarshad; Kaiser Wani; Muneerah A. Aljumah; Malak Nawaz Khan Khattak; Nasser M. Al-Daghri. 2020. "The Prevalence and Awareness Concerning Dietary Supplement Use among Saudi Adolescents." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 10: 3515.
Aim: This 18 month intervention study aims to determine the efficacy of a lifestyle modification program on prediabetes reversal among Saudi adults. Methods: An 18 month randomized, multicenter trial was conducted among Saudis with prediabetes aged 25–60 recruited from King Salman Hospital and primary care centers in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A total of 180 consenting individuals were randomized (1:1) to receive either intensive lifestyle intervention (ILIG) or guidance (control group, CG). ILIG was provided with a personalized lifestyle counseling by nutritionists every 3 months to improve diet and exercise behaviors. CG was given booklets containing information on prediabetes and its prevention. Data from lifestyle assessments and laboratory measurements were analyzed at baseline and every 6 months. The primary outcome was the reversal rate of prediabetes. Results: 158 participants were analyzed (CG:85, ILIG:73) at the 12 month follow-up and 28 participants (CG:11 and ILIG:17) completed the entire 18 month study. Post-intervention, the cumulative incidence of prediabetes reversal in the ILIG was 38 participants (52.1%) which was significantly higher than CG with 26 participants (30.6%) (p = 0.02). Conclusion: A tailored lifestyle intervention is effective in reversing prediabetes, at least for a year, among Arab adults with prediabetes. The challenge of sustaining interest in adopting lifestyle changes for a longer duration should be addressed in this population.
Osama E. Amer; Shaun Sabico; Hanan A. Alfawaz; Naji Aljohani; Syed Danish Hussain; Abdullah M. Alnaami; Kaiser Wani; Nasser M. Al-Daghri. Reversal of Prediabetes in Saudi Adults: Results from an 18 Month Lifestyle Intervention. Nutrients 2020, 12, 804 .
AMA StyleOsama E. Amer, Shaun Sabico, Hanan A. Alfawaz, Naji Aljohani, Syed Danish Hussain, Abdullah M. Alnaami, Kaiser Wani, Nasser M. Al-Daghri. Reversal of Prediabetes in Saudi Adults: Results from an 18 Month Lifestyle Intervention. Nutrients. 2020; 12 (3):804.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOsama E. Amer; Shaun Sabico; Hanan A. Alfawaz; Naji Aljohani; Syed Danish Hussain; Abdullah M. Alnaami; Kaiser Wani; Nasser M. Al-Daghri. 2020. "Reversal of Prediabetes in Saudi Adults: Results from an 18 Month Lifestyle Intervention." Nutrients 12, no. 3: 804.
This 12-month, randomized, controlled lifestyle intervention study was aimed at assessing the effectiveness of a lifestyle intervention in terms of (1) the reduction of at least 5% of body weight compared to baseline and (2) the percentage of participants in which fasting blood glucose (FBG) normalizes (
Kaiser Wani; Hanan Alfawaz; Abdullah M. Alnaami; Shaun Sabico; Malak Nawaz Khan Khattak; Omar Al-Attas; Majed S. Alokail; Mohammed Alharbi; George Chrousos; Sudhesh Kumar; Nasser M. Al-Daghri. Effects of a 12-Month Intensive Lifestyle Monitoring Program in Predominantly Overweight/Obese Arab Adults with Prediabetes. Nutrients 2020, 12, 464 .
AMA StyleKaiser Wani, Hanan Alfawaz, Abdullah M. Alnaami, Shaun Sabico, Malak Nawaz Khan Khattak, Omar Al-Attas, Majed S. Alokail, Mohammed Alharbi, George Chrousos, Sudhesh Kumar, Nasser M. Al-Daghri. Effects of a 12-Month Intensive Lifestyle Monitoring Program in Predominantly Overweight/Obese Arab Adults with Prediabetes. Nutrients. 2020; 12 (2):464.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKaiser Wani; Hanan Alfawaz; Abdullah M. Alnaami; Shaun Sabico; Malak Nawaz Khan Khattak; Omar Al-Attas; Majed S. Alokail; Mohammed Alharbi; George Chrousos; Sudhesh Kumar; Nasser M. Al-Daghri. 2020. "Effects of a 12-Month Intensive Lifestyle Monitoring Program in Predominantly Overweight/Obese Arab Adults with Prediabetes." Nutrients 12, no. 2: 464.
Vitamin D supplementation may be used to lower oxidative stress. This interventional study aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin D supplementation on glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1) levels and other parameters in Arab adults with prediabetes. A total of 203 Saudi adults with prediabetes and vitamin D deficiency [intervention group, N = 146 (53 males and 93 females); control group, N = 57 (25 males and 32 females)] were included in this non-randomized, six-month intervention study. The intervention group received 50,000 international units (IU) cholecalciferol tablets once a week for two months, then twice a month for the next two months, followed by 1000 IU daily for the last two months. The control group received no supplementation. Serum 25(OH)D, lipid profile, glucose, C-reactive protein (CRP) and GPx1 were measured at baseline and after six months. Post-intervention, GPx1 concentrations increased significantly in the intervention group [17.3 (11.5–59.0) vs 26.7 (11.4–59.9) p < 0.01] while no changes were observed in the control group (p = 0.15). This significant increase in 25(OH)D and GPx1 levels persisted after adjusting for age and BMI. Stratification according to sex revealed that this favourable increase in GPx1 was true only for males (p = 0.002). In all groups, baseline GPx1 was inversely correlated with low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol (r = −0.26, p < 0.01) and body mass index (BMI) (r = −0.20, p < 0.05), while positively correlated with age (r = 0.18, p < 0.05) and systolic blood pressure (r = 0.19, p < 0.05). In conclusion, vitamin D supplementation favourably enhanced GPx1 levels in adult Arabs with prediabetes, particularly in males.
Mohammed Ghouse Ahmed Ansari; Shaun Sabico; Mario Clerici; Malak Nawaz Khan Khattak; Kaiser Wani; Sara Al-Musharaf; Osama Emam Amer; Majed S. Alokail; Nasser M. Al-Daghri. Vitamin D Supplementation is Associated with Increased Glutathione Peroxidase-1 Levels in Arab Adults with Prediabetes. Antioxidants 2020, 9, 118 .
AMA StyleMohammed Ghouse Ahmed Ansari, Shaun Sabico, Mario Clerici, Malak Nawaz Khan Khattak, Kaiser Wani, Sara Al-Musharaf, Osama Emam Amer, Majed S. Alokail, Nasser M. Al-Daghri. Vitamin D Supplementation is Associated with Increased Glutathione Peroxidase-1 Levels in Arab Adults with Prediabetes. Antioxidants. 2020; 9 (2):118.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammed Ghouse Ahmed Ansari; Shaun Sabico; Mario Clerici; Malak Nawaz Khan Khattak; Kaiser Wani; Sara Al-Musharaf; Osama Emam Amer; Majed S. Alokail; Nasser M. Al-Daghri. 2020. "Vitamin D Supplementation is Associated with Increased Glutathione Peroxidase-1 Levels in Arab Adults with Prediabetes." Antioxidants 9, no. 2: 118.
The present study aimed to investigate the changes in dietary patterns of adult Saudis with prediabetes who underwent a six-month lifestyle modification program. A total of 160 Saudis with prediabetes (baseline fasting glucose 5.6–6.9 mmol/L), aged 20–60 years, were enrolled in one of the two arms: A one-time general advice about lifestyle modification (GA group) at orientation or a well-structured and monitored nutrition and lifestyle counseling for six months (guidance group). Fasting blood samples and a dietary recall for daily intakes of macro/micronutrients using a validated computerized food database “ESHA—the Food Processor Nutrition Analysis program” were collected pre- and post-intervention. Compliance to reference daily intake (RDI) was also calculated at both time points. At baseline, overall, severe deficiencies in the majority of micronutrient intakes were observed. Post intervention, clinically significant improvements in the glycemic indices (fasting glucose and insulin resistance) were seen over time in the guidance group. Also, significant improvements in dietary habits and physical activity levels were more apparent in the guidance group than the GA group, particularly in the daily intakes of total carbohydrate (46.9% compliance post vs. 20.3% at baseline); dietary fiber (21.9% vs. 3.1%); and some micronutrients like vitamin B6 (21.3% vs. 6.7%), vitamin B12 (45.3% vs. 28%), vitamin C (21.9% vs. 7.8%), riboflavin (40% vs. 10.7%), niacin (41.3% vs. 14.7%), magnesium (18.8% vs. 4.7%), iron (54.7% vs. 34.4%), and copper (37.3% vs. 13.3%). The study highlights the effects of a six-month lifestyle modification program in improving dietary micronutrient intakes of Saudis with prediabetes. Since micronutrient intake was observed to be low, fortification of these micronutrients in the Saudi diet is recommended.
Hanan Alfawaz; Alsoodeeri Fahadah Naeef; Kaiser Wani; Malak Nawaz Khan Khattak; Shaun Sabico; Abdullah M. Alnaami; Nasser M. Al-Daghri. Improvements in Glycemic, Micronutrient, and Mineral Indices in Arab Adults with Pre-Diabetes Post-Lifestyle Modification Program. Nutrients 2019, 11, 2775 .
AMA StyleHanan Alfawaz, Alsoodeeri Fahadah Naeef, Kaiser Wani, Malak Nawaz Khan Khattak, Shaun Sabico, Abdullah M. Alnaami, Nasser M. Al-Daghri. Improvements in Glycemic, Micronutrient, and Mineral Indices in Arab Adults with Pre-Diabetes Post-Lifestyle Modification Program. Nutrients. 2019; 11 (11):2775.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHanan Alfawaz; Alsoodeeri Fahadah Naeef; Kaiser Wani; Malak Nawaz Khan Khattak; Shaun Sabico; Abdullah M. Alnaami; Nasser M. Al-Daghri. 2019. "Improvements in Glycemic, Micronutrient, and Mineral Indices in Arab Adults with Pre-Diabetes Post-Lifestyle Modification Program." Nutrients 11, no. 11: 2775.
The present study aimed to determine the serum organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) levels and perform a risk assessment of exposure to them among Saudi adults. Most of OCPs are considered as endocrine-disrupting chemicals, and exposure can induce adverse health effects in both humans and wildlife. Serum OCPs levels have not been documented in Saudi population. Serum OCPs concentrations were quantified using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) in 302 serum samples collected from adult Saudis. All studied OCPs were detected in all participants. High concentrations of DDT and its metabolites (DDE and DDD) were detected in both males and females, with concentrations being significantly higher in males. High concentrations of 2,4-DDE, 4,4-DDE, and gamma-HCH were detected (18.31, 16.12, and 15.15 ng g-1 lipid and5.9, 7.1, and 8.6 ng g-1 lipid for males and females, respectively). Alpha-HCH, Beta-HCH, 2,4-DDT, and 4,4-DDT were detected at concentrations lower than 2 ng g-1. Levels of OCPs varied according to age and body mass index (BMI). Serum concentrations of OCPs significantly differed between Saudi males and females and were influenced by age and BMI. These study is the first documentation of serum OCP concentrations of Saudi adult from Riyadh, KSA. Monitoring programs are suggested for evaluating serum OCPs concentrations in the general population to track toxicity levels and serve as an indicator of possible adverse health effects.
Nasser Al-Daghri; Sherif H. Abd-Alrahman; Kaiser Wani; Amaresh Panigrahy; Philip G. McTernan; Omar S. Al-Attas; Majed S. Alokail. Biomonitoring and risk assessment of organochlorine pesticides among Saudi adults. Arabian Journal of Chemistry 2019, 12, 1795 -1801.
AMA StyleNasser Al-Daghri, Sherif H. Abd-Alrahman, Kaiser Wani, Amaresh Panigrahy, Philip G. McTernan, Omar S. Al-Attas, Majed S. Alokail. Biomonitoring and risk assessment of organochlorine pesticides among Saudi adults. Arabian Journal of Chemistry. 2019; 12 (7):1795-1801.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNasser Al-Daghri; Sherif H. Abd-Alrahman; Kaiser Wani; Amaresh Panigrahy; Philip G. McTernan; Omar S. Al-Attas; Majed S. Alokail. 2019. "Biomonitoring and risk assessment of organochlorine pesticides among Saudi adults." Arabian Journal of Chemistry 12, no. 7: 1795-1801.
Osteoporosis and osteopenia has a significant link with substantial fracture risk. Epidemiological data revealed a protective role of adipose tissue on bone biology in postmenopausal osteoporosis. The current study assessed the associations between select adipokines and bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women. A total of 175 Saudi postmenopausal women were selected and categorized based on their BMD (normal & low-BMD). Circulating levels of select adipokines (adiponectin, resistin, leptin, and adipsin), insulin, 25(OH)D and RANKl were determined using commercially available assay kits. BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Overall and among low-BMD subjects, adiponectin consistently showed a significant inverse association with BMD (overall −0.34, p < 0.01; low BMD group −0.34, p < 0.01). In multiple regression, adiponectin (−0.29 ± 0.06, p < 0.00) and resistin (−0.08 ± 0.04, p < 0.05) were inversely significant with BMD overall, but after stratification the significance was lost for resistin (−0.05 ± 0.04, p < 0.224) whereas adiponectin remained (−0.22 ± 0.07, p < 0.02) in low-BMD subjects. Adipsin, leptin and lipocalin-2 showed no significant associations. Findings of the present study revealed that only adiponectin showed a significantly strong inverse association with low BMD, suggesting that insulin sensitivity may influence bone health in Arab postmenopausal women.
Mohammed Ghouse Ahmed Ansari; Syed Danish Hussain; Kaiser Wani; Sobhy M. Yakout; Dara Al-Disi; Majed S. Alokail; Jean-Yves Reginster; Nasser M. Al-Daghri. Influence of bone mineral density in circulating adipokines among postmenopausal Arab women. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 2019, 27, 374 -379.
AMA StyleMohammed Ghouse Ahmed Ansari, Syed Danish Hussain, Kaiser Wani, Sobhy M. Yakout, Dara Al-Disi, Majed S. Alokail, Jean-Yves Reginster, Nasser M. Al-Daghri. Influence of bone mineral density in circulating adipokines among postmenopausal Arab women. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 2019; 27 (1):374-379.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammed Ghouse Ahmed Ansari; Syed Danish Hussain; Kaiser Wani; Sobhy M. Yakout; Dara Al-Disi; Majed S. Alokail; Jean-Yves Reginster; Nasser M. Al-Daghri. 2019. "Influence of bone mineral density in circulating adipokines among postmenopausal Arab women." Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 27, no. 1: 374-379.
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01765517.
Shaun Sabico; Ayah Al-Mashharawi; Nasser M. Al-Daghri; Kaiser Wani; Osama E. Amer; Danish S. Hussain; Mohammed Ghouse Ahmed Ansari; Mohammad S. Masoud; Majed S. Alokail; Philip G. McTernan. Effects of a 6-month multi-strain probiotics supplementation in endotoxemic, inflammatory and cardiometabolic status of T2DM patients: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Clinical Nutrition 2019, 38, 1561 -1569.
AMA StyleShaun Sabico, Ayah Al-Mashharawi, Nasser M. Al-Daghri, Kaiser Wani, Osama E. Amer, Danish S. Hussain, Mohammed Ghouse Ahmed Ansari, Mohammad S. Masoud, Majed S. Alokail, Philip G. McTernan. Effects of a 6-month multi-strain probiotics supplementation in endotoxemic, inflammatory and cardiometabolic status of T2DM patients: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Clinical Nutrition. 2019; 38 (4):1561-1569.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShaun Sabico; Ayah Al-Mashharawi; Nasser M. Al-Daghri; Kaiser Wani; Osama E. Amer; Danish S. Hussain; Mohammed Ghouse Ahmed Ansari; Mohammad S. Masoud; Majed S. Alokail; Philip G. McTernan. 2019. "Effects of a 6-month multi-strain probiotics supplementation in endotoxemic, inflammatory and cardiometabolic status of T2DM patients: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial." Clinical Nutrition 38, no. 4: 1561-1569.
Spexin (SPX) is a novel peptide thought to have a role in various metabolic regulations. Given its presumed body-weight regulatory functions, we aimed to determine whether lifestyle intervention programs on weight loss and fasting glucose (FG) improvement among people with impaired glucose regulation also alter levels of circulating SPX. A total of 160 Saudi adult males and females with prediabetes were randomly selected from a larger cohort (N = 294) who underwent a 6-month lifestyle modification program to improve their glycemic status. Participants were split into two groups based on differences in glucose levels post-intervention, with the first 50% (improved group) having the most significant reduction in FG. SPX was measured at baseline and after 6 months. Changes in SPX was significant only in the improved group [baseline: median (Q1–Q3) of 164 pg/ml (136–227) vs follow-up: 176 pg/ml (146–285); p < 0.01]. When stratified by sex, the significant increase was observed only in females [159 pg/ml (127–252) vs 182.5 (152,369.1); p < 0.01]. Furthermore, SPX levels showed a significant inverse association with FG (β = −0.22, p = 0.003) even after adjustment with age and BMI, again only in females. Circulating SPX levels increase over time in people with prediabetes, particularly women who responded favorably in a 6-month lifestyle intervention program. Whether an unknown mechanism regulating the sexual disparity seen in SPX levels post-intervention exists should be further investigated using a larger sample size.
Nasser M. Al-Daghri; Kaiser Wani; Sobhy M. Yakout; Hazim Al-Hazmi; Osama E. Amer; Syed Danish Hussain; Shaun Sabico; Mohammed Ghouse Ahmed Ansari; Sara Al-Musharaf; Amal M. Alenad; Majed S. Alokail; Mario Clerici. Favorable Changes in Fasting Glucose in a 6-month Self-Monitored Lifestyle Modification Programme Inversely Affects Spexin Levels in Females with Prediabetes. Scientific Reports 2019, 9, 1 -9.
AMA StyleNasser M. Al-Daghri, Kaiser Wani, Sobhy M. Yakout, Hazim Al-Hazmi, Osama E. Amer, Syed Danish Hussain, Shaun Sabico, Mohammed Ghouse Ahmed Ansari, Sara Al-Musharaf, Amal M. Alenad, Majed S. Alokail, Mario Clerici. Favorable Changes in Fasting Glucose in a 6-month Self-Monitored Lifestyle Modification Programme Inversely Affects Spexin Levels in Females with Prediabetes. Scientific Reports. 2019; 9 (1):1-9.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNasser M. Al-Daghri; Kaiser Wani; Sobhy M. Yakout; Hazim Al-Hazmi; Osama E. Amer; Syed Danish Hussain; Shaun Sabico; Mohammed Ghouse Ahmed Ansari; Sara Al-Musharaf; Amal M. Alenad; Majed S. Alokail; Mario Clerici. 2019. "Favorable Changes in Fasting Glucose in a 6-month Self-Monitored Lifestyle Modification Programme Inversely Affects Spexin Levels in Females with Prediabetes." Scientific Reports 9, no. 1: 1-9.
There are discrepancies in the reports on the association of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components with bone mineral density (BMD) and hence more population-based studies on this subject are needed. In this context, this observational study was aimed to investigate the association between T-scores of BMD at lumbar L1–L4 and full MetS and its individual components. A total of 1587 participants (84.7% females), >35 years and with risk factors associated with bone loss were recruited from February 2013 to August 2016. BMD was done at L1–L4 using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). T-Scores were calculated. Fasting blood samples and anthropometrics were done at recruitment. Fasting lipid profile and glucose were measured. Screening for full MetS and its components was done according to the National Cholesterol Education Programme Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) criteria. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the odds of having full MetS increased significantly from the lowest T-score tertile to the highest one in both sexes (OR, odd ratio (95% CI, confidence interval) of tertile 2 and 3 at 1.49 (0.8 to 2.8) and 2.46 (1.3 to 4.7), p = 0.02 in males and 1.35 (1.0 to 1.7) and 1.45 (1.1 to1.9), p < 0.01 in females). The odds remained significant even after adjustments with age, body mass index (BMI), and other risk factors associated with bone loss. Among the components of MetS, only central obesity showed a significant positive association with T-score. The study suggests a significant positive association of T-score (spine) with full MetS irrespective of sex, and among the components of MetS this positive association was seen specifically with central obesity.
Kaiser Wani; Sobhy M. Yakout; Mohammed Ghouse Ahmed Ansari; Shaun Sabico; Syed Danish Hussain; Majed S. Alokail; Eman Sheshah; Naji J. Aljohani; Yousef Al-Saleh; Jean-Yves Reginster; Nasser M. Al-Daghri. Metabolic Syndrome in Arab Adults with Low Bone Mineral Density. Nutrients 2019, 11, 1405 .
AMA StyleKaiser Wani, Sobhy M. Yakout, Mohammed Ghouse Ahmed Ansari, Shaun Sabico, Syed Danish Hussain, Majed S. Alokail, Eman Sheshah, Naji J. Aljohani, Yousef Al-Saleh, Jean-Yves Reginster, Nasser M. Al-Daghri. Metabolic Syndrome in Arab Adults with Low Bone Mineral Density. Nutrients. 2019; 11 (6):1405.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKaiser Wani; Sobhy M. Yakout; Mohammed Ghouse Ahmed Ansari; Shaun Sabico; Syed Danish Hussain; Majed S. Alokail; Eman Sheshah; Naji J. Aljohani; Yousef Al-Saleh; Jean-Yves Reginster; Nasser M. Al-Daghri. 2019. "Metabolic Syndrome in Arab Adults with Low Bone Mineral Density." Nutrients 11, no. 6: 1405.
Vitamin D deficiency has been shown to affect iron status via decreased calcitriol production, translating to decreased erythropoiesis. The present study aimed to determine for the first time whether vitamin D supplementation can affect iron levels among Arab adolescents. A total of 125 out of the initial 200 Saudi adolescents with vitamin D deficiency (serum 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L) were selected from the Vitamin D-School Project of King Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Cluster randomization was done in schools, and students received either vitamin D tablets (1000 IU/day) (N = 53, mean age 14.1 ± 1.0 years) or vitamin D-fortified milk (40IU/200mL) (N = 72, mean age 14.8 ± 1.4 years). Both groups received nutritional counseling. Anthropometrics, glucose, lipids, iron indices, and 25(OH)D were measured at baseline and after six months. Within group analysis showed that post-intervention, serum 25(OH)D significantly increased by as much as 50%, and a parallel decrease of −42% (p-values
Mohammad S. Masoud; Majed S. Alokail; Sobhy M. Yakout; Malak Nawaz K. Khattak; Marwan M. AlRehaili; Kaiser Wani; Nasser M. Al-Daghri. Vitamin D Supplementation Modestly Reduces Serum Iron Indices of Healthy Arab Adolescents. Nutrients 2018, 10, 1870 .
AMA StyleMohammad S. Masoud, Majed S. Alokail, Sobhy M. Yakout, Malak Nawaz K. Khattak, Marwan M. AlRehaili, Kaiser Wani, Nasser M. Al-Daghri. Vitamin D Supplementation Modestly Reduces Serum Iron Indices of Healthy Arab Adolescents. Nutrients. 2018; 10 (12):1870.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammad S. Masoud; Majed S. Alokail; Sobhy M. Yakout; Malak Nawaz K. Khattak; Marwan M. AlRehaili; Kaiser Wani; Nasser M. Al-Daghri. 2018. "Vitamin D Supplementation Modestly Reduces Serum Iron Indices of Healthy Arab Adolescents." Nutrients 10, no. 12: 1870.
The study aimed to assess the differences and associations of serum 25 (OH)D levels in Saudi adults with and without asthma. A total of 1070 Saudi adults aged 22 to 28 years (359 with known asthma and 711 matched nonasthmatic controls) were selected randomly from the Riyadh Cohort, Saudi Arabia. Serum 25(OH)D serum levels were measured. Asthma diagnosis was taken from questionnaires. In all participants, 359 (33.6%) were known asthmatic and 711 (66.5%) were nonasthmatic. The overall incidence of vitamin D deficiency (serum 25(OH)D <25 nmol/L) was 29.6% in controls and 35.6% in asthma group (P = .01). The asthma group have a significantly lower serum 25(OH)D than the control group (P = .01) but lost significance after adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), and sex. Nonasthmatic and asthmatic females had a higher incidence of vitamin D deficiency (33% and 46%) than nonasthmatic and asthmatic males (17% and 33%). Vitamin D deficiency is significantly high among Saudi adults with asthma, but more so among women. Whether vitamin D deficiency exacerbates asthma attack remains to be proven in this population.
Nasser M. Al-Daghri; Omar S. Al-Attas; Sobhy M. Yakout; Abdullah M. Alnaami; Kaiser Wani; Majed S. Alokail. The association of serum 25-OH vitamin D with asthma in Saudi adults. Medicine 2018, 97, e12286 .
AMA StyleNasser M. Al-Daghri, Omar S. Al-Attas, Sobhy M. Yakout, Abdullah M. Alnaami, Kaiser Wani, Majed S. Alokail. The association of serum 25-OH vitamin D with asthma in Saudi adults. Medicine. 2018; 97 (36):e12286.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNasser M. Al-Daghri; Omar S. Al-Attas; Sobhy M. Yakout; Abdullah M. Alnaami; Kaiser Wani; Majed S. Alokail. 2018. "The association of serum 25-OH vitamin D with asthma in Saudi adults." Medicine 97, no. 36: e12286.
Numerous studies have been done to establish the relationship between vitamin D and lipids, yet a definitive causal link is not found. This interventional study aims to evaluate and compare levels of apolipoproteins among vitamin D deficient subjects at baseline and after they achieved full vitamin D status correction.120 Saudi adults with vitamin D deficiency [25(OH)D < 50nmol/l] were recruited and given 50,000IU cholecalciferol weekly for first 2 months, then twice a month for next 2 months, followed by daily 1000IU until month 6. Blood samples were taken at baseline and after 6 months. Serum 25(OH)D, lipid profile and apolipoproteins (A1, A2, B, C1, C2, C3, E and H) were analyzed using commercially available kits. Overall, serum 25(OH)D increased significantly(63.3 ± 16.5nmol/l at end of study vs. 32.5 ± 10.8 at baseline; p < 0.0001). In parallel, a significant increase in apolipoproteins C1, C2, C3 and E (all p-values < 0.01) and a significant decrease in apolipoprotein B (p = 0.02) was observed. Following, stratification according to sex, apolipoproteins C2 and C3 significantly increased only in males (p-values < 0.01) while apolipoprotein C1 significantly increased only in females (p < 0.01). In addition, apolipoprotein B significantly decreased only in females (p = 0.002). These results suggests role of vitamin D in modulation of circulating levels of lipoproteins. The sexual dimorphism observed in circulating levels of measured apolipoproteins following vitamin D correction may explain, in part, known sexual disparity in the events of cardiometabolic health.
Nasser M. Al-Daghri; Kaiser Wani; Shaun Sabico; Spiros Garbis; George P. Chrousos; Osama E. Amer; Mohammed Ghouse Ahmed Ansari; Yousef Al-Saleh; Naji J. Aljohani; Omar S. Al-Attas; Majed S. Alokail. Sex-specific expression of apolipoprotein levels following replenishment of vitamin D. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 2018, 180, 129 -136.
AMA StyleNasser M. Al-Daghri, Kaiser Wani, Shaun Sabico, Spiros Garbis, George P. Chrousos, Osama E. Amer, Mohammed Ghouse Ahmed Ansari, Yousef Al-Saleh, Naji J. Aljohani, Omar S. Al-Attas, Majed S. Alokail. Sex-specific expression of apolipoprotein levels following replenishment of vitamin D. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 2018; 180 ():129-136.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNasser M. Al-Daghri; Kaiser Wani; Shaun Sabico; Spiros Garbis; George P. Chrousos; Osama E. Amer; Mohammed Ghouse Ahmed Ansari; Yousef Al-Saleh; Naji J. Aljohani; Omar S. Al-Attas; Majed S. Alokail. 2018. "Sex-specific expression of apolipoprotein levels following replenishment of vitamin D." The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 180, no. : 129-136.