The aim of this study was to investigate the cytocompatibility and mineralization potential of two premixed hydraulic endodontic sealers compared with an epoxy resin-based root canal sealer. The cellular responses and mineralization capacity were studied in human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) that were exposed to premixed hydraulic sealers, Bio-C Sealer (Angelus, Londrína, PR, Brazil), TotalFill BC Sealer (FKG Dentaire SA, La-Chaux-de-fonds, Switzerland) and an epoxy resin-based material, AH Plus (Dentsply De Trey, Konstanz, Germany). Non-exposed cultures served as the control. The endodontic sealers were assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX). Statistical analyses were done using Analisis of Variance (ANOVA), with Bonferroni adjusted pairwise comparison (p = 0.05). AH Plus reduced cell viability and cell migration, whereas increased cell viability and cell migration were observed in the Bio-C Sealer and the TotalFill BC Sealer (p < 0.05). The lowest cell attachment and spreading were observed for all concentrations of AH Plus, whereas the highest were observed for TotalFill BC Sealer. At the end of 21 days, only the Bio-C Sealer and the TotalFill BC Sealer supported matrix mineralization (p < 0.05). Additionally, SEM-EDX revealed high content of calcium, oxygen, and silicon in the Bio-C Sealer and the TotalFill BC Sealer. Based on the results from this study, Bio-C Sealer and TotalFill BC Sealer demonstrated better cytocompatibility in terms of cell viability, migration, cell morphology, cell attachment, and mineralization capacity than AH Plus.

The aim of this study was to assess the biological properties and mineralization potential of the new Theracal PT (Bisco Inc, Schaumburg, IL) compared with its predecessor Theracal LC (Bisco Inc) and the hydraulic silicate-based cement Biodentine (Septodont, Saint-Maur-des-Fossés, France) on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) in vitro. Standardized sample discs were obtained for each material (n = 30) together with 1:1, 1:2, and 1:4 material eluates. Previously characterized hDPSCs were cultured with the different materials in standardized conditions, and the following assays were performed: a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, a wound healing assay, Annexin-V-FITC and 7-AAD staining (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA), reactive oxygen species production analysis, cell adhesion and morphology evaluation via scanning electron microscopy and immunofluorescence, quantification of the expression of osteo/odontogenic markers via real-time quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, and alizarin red S staining. Statistical significance was established at P < .05. All of the tested dilutions of Theracal LC exhibited a significantly higher cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species production (P < .001) and a lower cell migration rate than the control group (hDPSCs cultured in growth medium without material extracts) at all of the measured time points (P < .001). Both 1:4 Theracal PT and Biodentine-treated hDPSCs exhibited similar levels of cytocompatibility to that of the control group, a significant up-regulation of at least 1 odontogenic marker (Biodentine: dentin sialophosphoprotein (P < .05); Theracal PT: osteonectin and runt-related transcription factor 2 [P < .001]), and a significantly higher mineralized nodule formation (P < .001). The newly introduced TheraCal PT offers an improved in vitro cytocompatibility and mineralization potential on hDPSCs compared with its predecessor, TheraCal LC, and comparable biological properties to Biodentine.

Background: Most recently, the biological interactions, that is cytocompatibility, cell differentiation and mineralization potential, between calcium silicate‐based biomaterials and periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) have been studied at an in vitro level, in order to predict their clinical behaviour during endodontic procedures involving direct contact with periodontal tissues, namely root canal treatment, endodontic surgery and regenerative endodontic treatment.Objective: The aim of the present systematic review was to present a qualitative synthesis of available in vitro studies assessing the biological interaction of PDLSCs and calcium silicate‐based biomaterials.Methodology: The present review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines. An advanced database search was performed in Medline, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science and SciELO on 1 July 2020 and last updated on 22 April 2021. Studies assessing the biological interactions of PDLSCs with calcium silicate‐based sealers (CSSs) and/or cements (CSCs) at an in vitro level were considered for inclusion. The evaluation of the ‘biological interaction’ was defined as any assay or test on the cytotoxicity, cytocompatibility, cell plasticity or differentiation potential, and bioactive properties of PDLSCs cultured in CSC or CSS‐conditioned media. Quality (risk of bias) was assessed using a modified CONSORT checklist for in vitro studies of dental materials.Results: A total of 20 studies were included for the qualitative synthesis. CSCs and CSSs, as a group of endodontic materials, exhibit adequate cytocompatibility and favour the osteo/cementogenic differentiation and mineralization potential of PDLSCs, as evidenced from the in vitro studies included in the present systematic review.Discussion: The influence of the compositional differences, inclusion of additives, sample preparation, and varying conditions and manipulations on the biological properties of calcium silicate‐based materials remain a subject for future research.Conclusions: Within the limitations of the in vitro nature of the included studies, this work supports the potential use of calcium silicate‐based endodontic materials in stem cell therapy and biologically based regenerative endodontic procedures.Registration: OSF Registries; https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/SQ9UY.

Biocompatibility is an essential property for any vital pulp material that may interact with the dental pulp tissues. Accordingly, this study aimed to compare the chemical composition and ultrastructural morphology of Biodentine (Septodont, Saint Maur-des-Fosses, France), ProRoot MTA (Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties, Johnson City, TN, USA), and Bio-C Repair (Angelus, Londrina, PR, Brazil), as well as their biological effects on human dental pulp cells. Chemical element characterization of the materials was undertaken using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX). The cytotoxicity was assessed by analyzing the cell viability (MTT assay), cell morphology (immunofluorescence assay), and cell attachment (flow cytometry assay). The results were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey’s test (p < 0.05). EDX revealed that ProRoot MTA and Biodentine were mostly composed of calcium, carbon, and oxygen (among others), whereas Bio-C Repair evidenced a low concentration of calcium and the highest concentration of zirconium. SEM showed adequate attachment of human dental pulp cells (hDPCS) to vital pulp materials and cytoskeletal alterations were not observed in the presence of material eluates. Remarkably, the undiluted Biodentine group showed higher viability than the control group cells (without eluates) at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h (p < 0.001). Based on the evidence derived from an in vitro cellular study, it was concluded that Bio-C Repair showed excellent cytocompatibility that was similar to Biodentine and ProRoot MTA.

Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory intestinal condition that can affect the entire gastrointestinal tract. It is characterized by its clinical heterogeneity and irregularities in its course. The etiology and pathogenesis are not well established, so it is difficult to establish an early diagnosis and an effective treatment plan. The objective of this systematic review was to present a qualitative synthesis of the studies referring to the oral manifestations of CD. This systematic review was carried out following the PRISMA guide. Research was conducted in the Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus, Scielo, and Cocrahne Library databases on 23 February 2023, and updated on 1 September 2023. Articles published between 2012 and 2023 were selected. Articles that analyzed the oral manifestation of CD patients and met the established search terms. In addition, the quality of all the selected studies was analyzed following the CARE guidelines for case reports and the STROBE scale for observational studies. A total of 19 articles were included in this review that met the inclusion criteria. Regarding the oral manifestation of CD, oral ulcers, angular cheilitis, and gingivitis stand out. Periodontitis and vegetative pyostomatitis were the least representative manifestations. The most prevalent locations were lips, mucosa, and gingivae. Ulcers, gingivitis, and angular cheilitis are the most frequent oral manifestations in patients with CD. Their early identification and possible relationship with the disease are important for an early diagnosis and an adequate treatment plan.