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With hindsight, the main weakness behind the ineffective response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in some countries has been the failure to understand, and take account of, the multilayered systemic interdependencies that spread the effects of the pandemic across social, technological, economic and health-care dimensions. For example, to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic, all people were required to rapidly adjust to social distancing and travel restrictions. Such a complex behavioural response entails adaptation to achieve a full recovery from the systemic shock. To capitalize on the positive effects of disruption to the status quo, much more complex socioeconomic modelling needs to be considered when designing and evaluating possible public health interventions that have major behavioural implications. We provide a simple example of how this reasoning may highlight generally unacknowledged connections and interdependencies and guide the construction of scenarios that can inform policy decisions to enhance the resilience of society and tackle existing societal challenges.
Pier Luigi Sacco; Manlio De Domenico. Public health challenges and opportunities after COVID-19. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2021, 99, 529 -535.
AMA StylePier Luigi Sacco, Manlio De Domenico. Public health challenges and opportunities after COVID-19. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 2021; 99 (7):529-535.
Chicago/Turabian StylePier Luigi Sacco; Manlio De Domenico. 2021. "Public health challenges and opportunities after COVID-19." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 99, no. 7: 529-535.
This paper examines Italo Calvino’s Invisible Cities as a unique literary canvas to reformulate the relationship between narratives and planning practices. It does so from the vantage point of the Frame, namely, the dialogues between the Khan (the planner) and Marco Polo (the resident/traveler) punctuating the imaginary cities described in the book. Read through with the aid of narratological concepts, the Frame functions a mini-treatise on urban complexity, structured along nine dyads of oppositional concepts (e.g., chaos vs. meaning; reality vs. possibility), which call into question as many planning milestones (e.g., control, purpose, model, balance), fostering an original reflection on the limitations and potentials of planning practices.
Dalila Colucci; Pier Luigi Sacco. A Glint of Lights in the Fog: Invisible Cities and the Riddles of Planning Practice. Journal of Planning Education and Research 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleDalila Colucci, Pier Luigi Sacco. A Glint of Lights in the Fog: Invisible Cities and the Riddles of Planning Practice. Journal of Planning Education and Research. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDalila Colucci; Pier Luigi Sacco. 2021. "A Glint of Lights in the Fog: Invisible Cities and the Riddles of Planning Practice." Journal of Planning Education and Research , no. : 1.
BACKGROUND An infodemic is an overflow of information of varying quality that surges across digital and physical environments during an acute public health event. It leads to confusion, risk-taking and behaviors that can harm health and lead to erosion of trust in health authorities and public health responses. The global scale and high stakes of the emergency have made responding to the infodemic related to the COVID-19 pandemic particularly urgent. Building on diverse research disciplines and expanding the discipline of infodemiology, more evidence-based interventions are needed to design infodemic management interventions and tools, and implement them by health emergency responders. OBJECTIVE WHO organised the first global infodemiology conference, entirely online during June-July 2020, and a follow up August-October 2020, to review current multidisciplinary evidence, interventions and practices that can be applied to the COVID-19 infodemic response. This resulted in a public health research agenda for managing infodemics. METHODS As part of the conference, a structured expert judgement synthesis method was used to formulate a public health research agenda. One hundred and ten participants represented diverse scientific disciplines, from over 35 countries and global public health implementing partners. The conference used a laddered discussion sprint methodology by rotating participant teams, and a follow-up managed process to assemble a research agenda based on the discussion and structured expert feedback. This resulted in a five-work-stream frame of the research agenda for infodemic management and 166 suggested research questions. The participants then ranked the questions for feasibility and expected public health impact. The expert consensus was summarised in a public health research agenda which included a list of priority research questions. RESULTS The public health research agenda for infodemic management has five work-streams: (i) measuring and continuously monitoring the impact of infodemics during health emergencies; (ii) detecting signals and understanding the spread and risk of infodemics; (iii) responding aThe public health research agenda for infodemic management has five work-streams: (i) measuring and continuously monitoring the impact of infodemics during health emergencies; (ii) detecting signals and understanding the spread and risk of infodemics; (iii) responding and deploying interventions that mitigate and protect against infodemics and their harmful effects; (iv) evaluating infodemic interventions and strengthening the resilience of individuals and communities to infodemics; and (v) promoting the development, adaptation and application of interventions and toolkits for infodemic management. Each work-stream identified research questions and highlights 49 high priority research questions.nd deploying interventions that mitigate and protect against infodemics and their harmful effects; (iv) evaluating infodemic interventions and strengthening the resilience of individuals and communities to infodemics; and (v) promoting the development, adaptation and application of interventions and toolkits for infodemic management. Each work-stream identified research questions and highlights 49 high priority research questions. CONCLUSIONS Public health authorities need to develop, validate, implement and adapt tools and interventions for managing infodemics in acute public health events in ways that are appropriate for their countries and contexts. For that to be possible, infodemiology provides a scientific foundation. This research agenda proposes a structured framework for targeted investment for the scientific community, policymakers, implementing organizations and other stakeholders to consider.
Neville Calleja; Neetu Abad; Abdelhalim AbdAllah; Naglaa Ahmed; Dolores Albarracin; Elena Altieri; Julienne N Anoko; Ruben Arcos; Arina Anis Azlan; Judit Bayer; Anja Bechmann; Supriya Bezbaruah; Sylvie C Briand; Ian Brooks; Lucie M Bucci; Stefano Burzo; Christine Czerniak; Manlio De Domenico; Adam G Dunn; Ullrich K H Ecker; Laura Espinosa; Camille Francois; Kacper Gradon; Anatoliy Gruzd; Beste Sultan Gülgün; Rustam Haydarov; Cherstyn Hurley; Santi Indra Astuti; Atsuyoshi Ishizumi; Neil Johnson; Dylan Johnson Restrepo; Masato Kajimoto; Aybüke Koyuncu; Shibani Kulkarni; Jaya Lamichhane; Rosamund Lewis; Avichal Mahajan; Ahmed Mandil; Erin Mcaweeney; Melanie Messer; Wesley Moy; Patricia Ndumbi Ngamala; Tim Nguyen; Mark Nunn; Saad B Omer; Claudia Pagliari; Palak Patel; Lynette Phuong; Dimitri Prybylski; Arash Rashidian; Emily Rempel; Sara Rubinelli; Pierluigi Sacco; Anton Schneider; Kai Shu; Melanie Smith; Harry Sufehmi; Viroj Tangcharoensathien; Robert Terry; Naveen Thacker; Tom Trewinnard; Shannon Turner; Heidi Tworek; Saad Uakkas; Emily Vraga; Claire Wardle; Herman Wasserman; Elisabeth Wilhelm; Andrea Würz; Brian Yau; Lei Zhou; Tina D Purnat. A public health research agenda for managing infodemics: Methods and results of the first WHO infodemiology conference (Preprint). 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleNeville Calleja, Neetu Abad, Abdelhalim AbdAllah, Naglaa Ahmed, Dolores Albarracin, Elena Altieri, Julienne N Anoko, Ruben Arcos, Arina Anis Azlan, Judit Bayer, Anja Bechmann, Supriya Bezbaruah, Sylvie C Briand, Ian Brooks, Lucie M Bucci, Stefano Burzo, Christine Czerniak, Manlio De Domenico, Adam G Dunn, Ullrich K H Ecker, Laura Espinosa, Camille Francois, Kacper Gradon, Anatoliy Gruzd, Beste Sultan Gülgün, Rustam Haydarov, Cherstyn Hurley, Santi Indra Astuti, Atsuyoshi Ishizumi, Neil Johnson, Dylan Johnson Restrepo, Masato Kajimoto, Aybüke Koyuncu, Shibani Kulkarni, Jaya Lamichhane, Rosamund Lewis, Avichal Mahajan, Ahmed Mandil, Erin Mcaweeney, Melanie Messer, Wesley Moy, Patricia Ndumbi Ngamala, Tim Nguyen, Mark Nunn, Saad B Omer, Claudia Pagliari, Palak Patel, Lynette Phuong, Dimitri Prybylski, Arash Rashidian, Emily Rempel, Sara Rubinelli, Pierluigi Sacco, Anton Schneider, Kai Shu, Melanie Smith, Harry Sufehmi, Viroj Tangcharoensathien, Robert Terry, Naveen Thacker, Tom Trewinnard, Shannon Turner, Heidi Tworek, Saad Uakkas, Emily Vraga, Claire Wardle, Herman Wasserman, Elisabeth Wilhelm, Andrea Würz, Brian Yau, Lei Zhou, Tina D Purnat. A public health research agenda for managing infodemics: Methods and results of the first WHO infodemiology conference (Preprint). . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNeville Calleja; Neetu Abad; Abdelhalim AbdAllah; Naglaa Ahmed; Dolores Albarracin; Elena Altieri; Julienne N Anoko; Ruben Arcos; Arina Anis Azlan; Judit Bayer; Anja Bechmann; Supriya Bezbaruah; Sylvie C Briand; Ian Brooks; Lucie M Bucci; Stefano Burzo; Christine Czerniak; Manlio De Domenico; Adam G Dunn; Ullrich K H Ecker; Laura Espinosa; Camille Francois; Kacper Gradon; Anatoliy Gruzd; Beste Sultan Gülgün; Rustam Haydarov; Cherstyn Hurley; Santi Indra Astuti; Atsuyoshi Ishizumi; Neil Johnson; Dylan Johnson Restrepo; Masato Kajimoto; Aybüke Koyuncu; Shibani Kulkarni; Jaya Lamichhane; Rosamund Lewis; Avichal Mahajan; Ahmed Mandil; Erin Mcaweeney; Melanie Messer; Wesley Moy; Patricia Ndumbi Ngamala; Tim Nguyen; Mark Nunn; Saad B Omer; Claudia Pagliari; Palak Patel; Lynette Phuong; Dimitri Prybylski; Arash Rashidian; Emily Rempel; Sara Rubinelli; Pierluigi Sacco; Anton Schneider; Kai Shu; Melanie Smith; Harry Sufehmi; Viroj Tangcharoensathien; Robert Terry; Naveen Thacker; Tom Trewinnard; Shannon Turner; Heidi Tworek; Saad Uakkas; Emily Vraga; Claire Wardle; Herman Wasserman; Elisabeth Wilhelm; Andrea Würz; Brian Yau; Lei Zhou; Tina D Purnat. 2021. "A public health research agenda for managing infodemics: Methods and results of the first WHO infodemiology conference (Preprint)." , no. : 1.
Overtourism is an increasingly relevant problem for tourist destinations, and some cities are starting to take extreme measures to counter it. In this paper, we introduce a simple mathematical model that analyzes the dynamics of the populations of residents and tourists when there is a competition for the access to local services and resources, since the needs of the two populations are partly mutually incompatible. We study under what conditions a stable equilibrium where residents and tourists coexist is reached, and what are the conditions for tourists to take over the city and to expel residents, among others. Even small changes in key parameters may bring about very different outcomes. Policymakers should be aware that a sound knowledge of the structural properties of the dynamics is important when taking measures, whose effect could otherwise be different than expected and even counterproductive.
Angelo Antoci; Paolo Russu; Pier Luigi Sacco; Giorgio Tavano Blessi. Preying on beauty? The complex social dynamics of overtourism. Journal of Economic Interaction and Coordination 2021, 1 -22.
AMA StyleAngelo Antoci, Paolo Russu, Pier Luigi Sacco, Giorgio Tavano Blessi. Preying on beauty? The complex social dynamics of overtourism. Journal of Economic Interaction and Coordination. 2021; ():1-22.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAngelo Antoci; Paolo Russu; Pier Luigi Sacco; Giorgio Tavano Blessi. 2021. "Preying on beauty? The complex social dynamics of overtourism." Journal of Economic Interaction and Coordination , no. : 1-22.
Musicians have always established a symbiotic relationship with the urban environments in which they live and work, with a tendency to aggregate into place-based relational networks. Bologna provides a clear example of this phenomenon to the point that the evolution of its musical scene can be characterized in terms of its relational dynamics. We study a network of artists whose main common trait has been the deliberate choice of coming or returning to live and work in Bologna, locally producing their records in the period 1978–1992, a sort of “creative golden age” in the recent musical history of the city. We use Social Network Analysis to reconstruct the structure of the relationships that have bound together the Bologna’s singers-songwriters scene in its relationship with the urban context. Making use of the Newman Community Detection algorithm, we find a dense, vital and collaborative scene, organized around four different, musician-centered communities, that are permeable to collaborations with each other. This vital system of related creative communities has been the driving force of Bologna’s salience in the national musical scene in the 1980s and early 1990s, and its analysis provides insights for the design of cultural policies aimed at leveraging the potential of urban creative scenes.
Sabrina Pedrini; Raffaele Corrado; Pier Luigi Sacco. The power of local networking: Bologna’s music scene as a creative community, 1978–1992. Journal of Urban Affairs 2021, 1 -24.
AMA StyleSabrina Pedrini, Raffaele Corrado, Pier Luigi Sacco. The power of local networking: Bologna’s music scene as a creative community, 1978–1992. Journal of Urban Affairs. 2021; ():1-24.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSabrina Pedrini; Raffaele Corrado; Pier Luigi Sacco. 2021. "The power of local networking: Bologna’s music scene as a creative community, 1978–1992." Journal of Urban Affairs , no. : 1-24.
This special theme issue of Big Data & Society presents leading-edge, interdisciplinary research that focuses on examining how health-related (mis-)information is circulating on social media. In particular, we are focusing on how computational and Big Data approaches can help to provide a better understanding of the ongoing COVID-19 infodemic (overexposure to both accurate and misleading information on a health topic) and to develop effective strategies to combat it.
Anatoliy Gruzd; Manlio De Domenico; Pier Luigi Sacco; Sylvie Briand. Studying the COVID-19 infodemic at scale. Big Data & Society 2021, 8, 1 .
AMA StyleAnatoliy Gruzd, Manlio De Domenico, Pier Luigi Sacco, Sylvie Briand. Studying the COVID-19 infodemic at scale. Big Data & Society. 2021; 8 (1):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnatoliy Gruzd; Manlio De Domenico; Pier Luigi Sacco; Sylvie Briand. 2021. "Studying the COVID-19 infodemic at scale." Big Data & Society 8, no. 1: 1.
Cultural and creative sectors (CCS) are increasingly recognized as a driving economic force. In addition to their undisputed soft power, creative jobs are expected to prove more resilient to automation, and may therefore play an important role in the future growth cycles of advanced global economies. But how is Brexit going to affect the UK’s flourishing creative economy at an urban level? Pre-Brexit evidence from the European Commission’s Cultural and Creative Cities Monitor (CCCM) clearly shows that UK cultural and creative cities excel in Europe in their capacity to attract and integrate foreign creative professionals. Creative non-nationals represent a diverse, crucial human capital pool for CCS, as 22% of CCS employers hire at least one non-UK worker. The effect of Brexit on the cultural and creative potential of UK cities can be devastating for CCS competitiveness if not properly addressed. As CCSs are widely regarded as leading sectors of the UK economy and major drivers of innovation and growth in the UK’s long-term developmental vision, suitable policy measures should be taken to prevent this possibility.
Valentina Montalto; Francesco Panella; Pier Luigi Sacco. What does Brexit mean for UK cultural and creative cities? European Urban and Regional Studies 2020, 28, 47 -57.
AMA StyleValentina Montalto, Francesco Panella, Pier Luigi Sacco. What does Brexit mean for UK cultural and creative cities? European Urban and Regional Studies. 2020; 28 (1):47-57.
Chicago/Turabian StyleValentina Montalto; Francesco Panella; Pier Luigi Sacco. 2020. "What does Brexit mean for UK cultural and creative cities?" European Urban and Regional Studies 28, no. 1: 47-57.
During COVID-19, governments and the public are fighting not only a pandemic but also a co-evolving infodemic—the rapid and far-reaching spread of information of questionable quality. We analysed more than 100 million Twitter messages posted worldwide during the early stages of epidemic spread across countries (from 22 January to 10 March 2020) and classified the reliability of the news being circulated. We developed an Infodemic Risk Index to capture the magnitude of exposure to unreliable news across countries. We found that measurable waves of potentially unreliable information preceded the rise of COVID-19 infections, exposing entire countries to falsehoods that pose a serious threat to public health. As infections started to rise, reliable information quickly became more dominant, and Twitter content shifted towards more credible informational sources. Infodemic early-warning signals provide important cues for misinformation mitigation by means of adequate communication strategies. An analysis of news shared on Twitter estimates the level of infodemic risk associated with COVID-19 across countries. Epidemic spread and infodemic risk co-evolve, with reliable information becoming more dominant as infection rates rise locally.
Riccardo Gallotti; Francesco Valle; Nicola Castaldo; Pierluigi Sacco; Manlio De Domenico. Assessing the risks of ‘infodemics’ in response to COVID-19 epidemics. Nature Human Behaviour 2020, 4, 1285 -1293.
AMA StyleRiccardo Gallotti, Francesco Valle, Nicola Castaldo, Pierluigi Sacco, Manlio De Domenico. Assessing the risks of ‘infodemics’ in response to COVID-19 epidemics. Nature Human Behaviour. 2020; 4 (12):1285-1293.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRiccardo Gallotti; Francesco Valle; Nicola Castaldo; Pierluigi Sacco; Manlio De Domenico. 2020. "Assessing the risks of ‘infodemics’ in response to COVID-19 epidemics." Nature Human Behaviour 4, no. 12: 1285-1293.
In this paper, we analyze a K-drama aired by the Korean TV network SBS in 2016, Jealousy Incarnate, as a case study of the application of the Tie-Up Theory to a romantic narrative as a form of simulation of human mating processes with social cognition valence. We find that this case provides us with an example of a mating process where the choice of the male partner by the female lead character does not privilege the one that should be preferable on the basis of the standard prediction of the experimental research on human mating. This discrepancy is a signal of a basic limitation of experimental research, that highlights the subjects’ preferences for abstract potential partners but is not able to fully account for the mechanisms that lead to the choice of a specific partner in a specific mating interaction. We argue that the narrative simulation viewpoint provides insights that are complementary to those of experimental research, and that a more comprehensive theoretical approach, such as the one offered by the Tie-Up Theory, may be helpful to account for both perspectives.
Lorenza Lucchi Basili; Pier Luigi Sacco. Jealousy Incarnate: Quiet Ego, Competitive Desire, and the Fictional Intelligence of Long-Term Mating in a Romantic K-Drama. Behavioral Sciences 2020, 10, 134 .
AMA StyleLorenza Lucchi Basili, Pier Luigi Sacco. Jealousy Incarnate: Quiet Ego, Competitive Desire, and the Fictional Intelligence of Long-Term Mating in a Romantic K-Drama. Behavioral Sciences. 2020; 10 (9):134.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLorenza Lucchi Basili; Pier Luigi Sacco. 2020. "Jealousy Incarnate: Quiet Ego, Competitive Desire, and the Fictional Intelligence of Long-Term Mating in a Romantic K-Drama." Behavioral Sciences 10, no. 9: 134.
Background An infodemic is an overabundance of information—some accurate and some not—that occurs during an epidemic. In a similar manner to an epidemic, it spreads between humans via digital and physical information systems. It makes it hard for people to find trustworthy sources and reliable guidance when they need it. Objective A World Health Organization (WHO) technical consultation on responding to the infodemic related to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic was held, entirely online, to crowdsource suggested actions for a framework for infodemic management. Methods A group of policy makers, public health professionals, researchers, students, and other concerned stakeholders was joined by representatives of the media, social media platforms, various private sector organizations, and civil society to suggest and discuss actions for all parts of society, and multiple related professional and scientific disciplines, methods, and technologies. A total of 594 ideas for actions were crowdsourced online during the discussions and consolidated into suggestions for an infodemic management framework. Results The analysis team distilled the suggestions into a set of 50 proposed actions for a framework for managing infodemics in health emergencies. The consultation revealed six policy implications to consider. First, interventions and messages must be based on science and evidence, and must reach citizens and enable them to make informed decisions on how to protect themselves and their communities in a health emergency. Second, knowledge should be translated into actionable behavior-change messages, presented in ways that are understood by and accessible to all individuals in all parts of all societies. Third, governments should reach out to key communities to ensure their concerns and information needs are understood, tailoring advice and messages to address the audiences they represent. Fourth, to strengthen the analysis and amplification of information impact, strategic partnerships should be formed across all sectors, including but not limited to the social media and technology sectors, academia, and civil society. Fifth, health authorities should ensure that these actions are informed by reliable information that helps them understand the circulating narratives and changes in the flow of information, questions, and misinformation in communities. Sixth, following experiences to date in responding to the COVID-19 infodemic and the lessons from other disease outbreaks, infodemic management approaches should be further developed to support preparedness and response, and to inform risk mitigation, and be enhanced through data science and sociobehavioral and other research. Conclusions The first version of this framework proposes five action areas in which WHO Member States and actors within society can apply, according to their mandate, an infodemic management approach adapted to national contexts and practices. Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic and the related infodemic require swift, regular, systematic, and coordinated action from multiple sectors of society and government. It remains crucial that we promote trusted information and fight misinformation, thereby helping save lives.
Viroj Tangcharoensathien; Neville Calleja; Tim Nguyen; Tina Purnat; Marcelo D’Agostino; Sebastian Garcia-Saiso; Mark Landry; Arash Rashidian; Clayton Hamilton; Abdelhalim AbdAllah; Ioana Ghiga; Alexandra Hill; Daniel Hougendobler; Judith van Andel; Mark Nunn; Ian Brooks; Pier Luigi Sacco; Manlio De Domenico; Philip Mai; Anatoliy Gruzd; Alexandre Alaphilippe; Sylvie Briand. Framework for Managing the COVID-19 Infodemic: Methods and Results of an Online, Crowdsourced WHO Technical Consultation. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2020, 22, e19659 .
AMA StyleViroj Tangcharoensathien, Neville Calleja, Tim Nguyen, Tina Purnat, Marcelo D’Agostino, Sebastian Garcia-Saiso, Mark Landry, Arash Rashidian, Clayton Hamilton, Abdelhalim AbdAllah, Ioana Ghiga, Alexandra Hill, Daniel Hougendobler, Judith van Andel, Mark Nunn, Ian Brooks, Pier Luigi Sacco, Manlio De Domenico, Philip Mai, Anatoliy Gruzd, Alexandre Alaphilippe, Sylvie Briand. Framework for Managing the COVID-19 Infodemic: Methods and Results of an Online, Crowdsourced WHO Technical Consultation. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2020; 22 (6):e19659.
Chicago/Turabian StyleViroj Tangcharoensathien; Neville Calleja; Tim Nguyen; Tina Purnat; Marcelo D’Agostino; Sebastian Garcia-Saiso; Mark Landry; Arash Rashidian; Clayton Hamilton; Abdelhalim AbdAllah; Ioana Ghiga; Alexandra Hill; Daniel Hougendobler; Judith van Andel; Mark Nunn; Ian Brooks; Pier Luigi Sacco; Manlio De Domenico; Philip Mai; Anatoliy Gruzd; Alexandre Alaphilippe; Sylvie Briand. 2020. "Framework for Managing the COVID-19 Infodemic: Methods and Results of an Online, Crowdsourced WHO Technical Consultation." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 6: e19659.
Pier Luigi Sacco; Emanuele Teti. Maintaining content innovation in an industry with unpredictable returns: a portfolio approach to movie production. Economics of Innovation and New Technology 2020, 1 -19.
AMA StylePier Luigi Sacco, Emanuele Teti. Maintaining content innovation in an industry with unpredictable returns: a portfolio approach to movie production. Economics of Innovation and New Technology. 2020; ():1-19.
Chicago/Turabian StylePier Luigi Sacco; Emanuele Teti. 2020. "Maintaining content innovation in an industry with unpredictable returns: a portfolio approach to movie production." Economics of Innovation and New Technology , no. : 1-19.
BACKGROUND An infodemic is an overabundance of information—some accurate and some not—that occurs during an epidemic. In a similar manner to an epidemic, it spreads between humans via digital and physical information systems. It makes it hard for people to find trustworthy sources and reliable guidance when they need it. OBJECTIVE A World Health Organization (WHO) technical consultation on responding to the infodemic related to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic was held, entirely online, to crowdsource suggested actions for a framework for infodemic management. METHODS A group of policy makers, public health professionals, researchers, students, and other concerned stakeholders was joined by representatives of the media, social media platforms, various private sector organizations, and civil society to suggest and discuss actions for all parts of society, and multiple related professional and scientific disciplines, methods, and technologies. A total of 594 ideas for actions were crowdsourced online during the discussions and consolidated into suggestions for an infodemic management framework. RESULTS The analysis team distilled the suggestions into a set of 50 proposed actions for a framework for managing infodemics in health emergencies. The consultation revealed six policy implications to consider. First, interventions and messages must be based on science and evidence, and must reach citizens and enable them to make informed decisions on how to protect themselves and their communities in a health emergency. Second, knowledge should be translated into actionable behavior-change messages, presented in ways that are understood by and accessible to all individuals in all parts of all societies. Third, governments should reach out to key communities to ensure their concerns and information needs are understood, tailoring advice and messages to address the audiences they represent. Fourth, to strengthen the analysis and amplification of information impact, strategic partnerships should be formed across all sectors, including but not limited to the social media and technology sectors, academia, and civil society. Fifth, health authorities should ensure that these actions are informed by reliable information that helps them understand the circulating narratives and changes in the flow of information, questions, and misinformation in communities. Sixth, following experiences to date in responding to the COVID-19 infodemic and the lessons from other disease outbreaks, infodemic management approaches should be further developed to support preparedness and response, and to inform risk mitigation, and be enhanced through data science and sociobehavioral and other research. CONCLUSIONS The first version of this framework proposes five action areas in which WHO Member States and actors within society can apply, according to their mandate, an infodemic management approach adapted to national contexts and practices. Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic and the related infodemic require swift, regular, systematic, and coordinated action from multiple sectors of society and government. It remains crucial that we promote trusted information and fight misinformation, thereby helping save lives.
Viroj Tangcharoensathien; Neville Calleja; Tim Nguyen; Tina Purnat; Marcelo D’Agostino; Sebastian Garcia Saiso; Mark Landry; Arash Rashidian; Clayton Hamilton; Abdelhalim Abdallah; Ioana Ghiga; Alexandra Hill; Daniel Hougendobler; Judith Van Andel; Mark Nunn; Ian Brooks; Pier Luigi Sacco; Manlio De Domenico; Philip Mai; Anatoliy Gruzd; Alexandre Alaphilippe; Sylvie Briand. Framework for Managing the COVID-19 Infodemic: Methods and Results of an Online, Crowdsourced WHO Technical Consultation (Preprint). 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleViroj Tangcharoensathien, Neville Calleja, Tim Nguyen, Tina Purnat, Marcelo D’Agostino, Sebastian Garcia Saiso, Mark Landry, Arash Rashidian, Clayton Hamilton, Abdelhalim Abdallah, Ioana Ghiga, Alexandra Hill, Daniel Hougendobler, Judith Van Andel, Mark Nunn, Ian Brooks, Pier Luigi Sacco, Manlio De Domenico, Philip Mai, Anatoliy Gruzd, Alexandre Alaphilippe, Sylvie Briand. Framework for Managing the COVID-19 Infodemic: Methods and Results of an Online, Crowdsourced WHO Technical Consultation (Preprint). . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleViroj Tangcharoensathien; Neville Calleja; Tim Nguyen; Tina Purnat; Marcelo D’Agostino; Sebastian Garcia Saiso; Mark Landry; Arash Rashidian; Clayton Hamilton; Abdelhalim Abdallah; Ioana Ghiga; Alexandra Hill; Daniel Hougendobler; Judith Van Andel; Mark Nunn; Ian Brooks; Pier Luigi Sacco; Manlio De Domenico; Philip Mai; Anatoliy Gruzd; Alexandre Alaphilippe; Sylvie Briand. 2020. "Framework for Managing the COVID-19 Infodemic: Methods and Results of an Online, Crowdsourced WHO Technical Consultation (Preprint)." , no. : 1.
Our society is built on a complex web of interdependencies whose effects become manifest during extraordinary events such as the COVID-19 pandemic, with shocks in one system propagating to the others to an exceptional extent. We analyzed more than 100 millions Twitter messages posted worldwide in 64 languages during the epidemic emergency due to SARS-CoV-2 and classified the reliability of news diffused. We found that waves of unreliable and low-quality information anticipate the epidemic ones, exposing entire countries to irrational social behavior and serious threats for public health. When the epidemics hit the same area, reliable information is quickly inoculated, like antibodies, and the system shifts focus towards certified informational sources. Contrary to mainstream beliefs, we show that human response to falsehood exhibits early-warning signals that might be mitigated with adequate communication strategies.
Riccardo Gallotti; Francesco Valle; Nicola Castaldo; Pierluigi Sacco; Manlio De Domenico. Assessing the risks of “infodemics” in response to COVID-19 epidemics. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleRiccardo Gallotti, Francesco Valle, Nicola Castaldo, Pierluigi Sacco, Manlio De Domenico. Assessing the risks of “infodemics” in response to COVID-19 epidemics. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRiccardo Gallotti; Francesco Valle; Nicola Castaldo; Pierluigi Sacco; Manlio De Domenico. 2020. "Assessing the risks of “infodemics” in response to COVID-19 epidemics." , no. : 1.
We explored the relationship between cultural and social participation, physical activity, and well-being in a group of residents of the metropolitan area of Naples, Italy and the role that resilience plays in this relationship. Naples offers a remarkable urban environment with the potentially beneficial psychological effects of outstanding natural beauty, and one of the world’s most impressive repositories of tangible and intangible cultural heritage. However, Naples was also, and still is, heavily affected by the 2008 economic crisis, in addition to preexisting social and economic issues. The major finding of this study is that, despite this highly contrasting urban environment, the combination of physical activity and engagement in social and cultural activities has a positive effect on subjective (self-reported) psychological well-being (SPWB) in a group of residents, and that resilience mediates this relationship.
Sergio Cocozza; Pier Luigi Sacco; Giuseppe Matarese; Gayle D. Maffulli; Nicola Maffulli; Donatella Tramontano. Participation to Leisure Activities and Well-Being in a Group of Residents of Naples-Italy: The Role of Resilience. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 1895 .
AMA StyleSergio Cocozza, Pier Luigi Sacco, Giuseppe Matarese, Gayle D. Maffulli, Nicola Maffulli, Donatella Tramontano. Participation to Leisure Activities and Well-Being in a Group of Residents of Naples-Italy: The Role of Resilience. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (6):1895.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSergio Cocozza; Pier Luigi Sacco; Giuseppe Matarese; Gayle D. Maffulli; Nicola Maffulli; Donatella Tramontano. 2020. "Participation to Leisure Activities and Well-Being in a Group of Residents of Naples-Italy: The Role of Resilience." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 6: 1895.
We study a simple opinion dynamic model where a number of influencers have the possibility of conditioning it by supporting one of two alternative narratives. Influencers choose the narrative to support in order to optimize their return. They can therefore choose to support a narrative that is socially dysfunctional with which they need not agree with, insofar as the environmental conditions make it convenient. We show in particular under what conditions the dynamic leads to social polarization, that is, eventual takeover of one narrative over the other. The critical factors in this regard are the persuasion strength of the narratives and the number of influencers who are active. Stronger persuasion and a larger number of influencers both favor the takeover of one narrative over the other. In particular, simulation results suggest that even small changes in persuasion strength may cause major changes in the social dynamic and sudden regime shifts. We discuss the policy implications of these results, with an eye to current trends in online media in reinforcement of persuasion strength, e.g. by deploying artificial bots that reverberate one narrative at the expense of the others.
Angelo Antoci; Guido Ferilli; Paolo Russu; Pier Luigi Sacco. Rational populists: the social consequences of shared narratives. Journal of Evolutionary Economics 2020, 30, 479 -506.
AMA StyleAngelo Antoci, Guido Ferilli, Paolo Russu, Pier Luigi Sacco. Rational populists: the social consequences of shared narratives. Journal of Evolutionary Economics. 2020; 30 (2):479-506.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAngelo Antoci; Guido Ferilli; Paolo Russu; Pier Luigi Sacco. 2020. "Rational populists: the social consequences of shared narratives." Journal of Evolutionary Economics 30, no. 2: 479-506.
Acerbi, A., & Sacco, P. L. (2018). Folk-economic beliefs as ‘evidential fiction’: Putting the economic public discourse back on track. Behavioral and Brain Sciences,41, e159. Amato, C., Gino, G., Montinari, N., & Sacco, P. L. (2019). Fairy tales and children pro-sociality: Some experimental evidence. Mimeo: University of Bologna and Harvard Business School. Becker, G. S. (1991). A treatise on the family, enlarged edition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Beckert, J. (2016). Imagined futures. Fictional expectations and capitalist dynamics. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Bénabou, R., Falk, A., & Tirole, J. (2018). Narratives, imperatives, and moral reasoning. IZA Discussion Paper 11665, Bonn. Berlin, I. (2013). The hedgehog and the fox: An essay on Tolstoy’s view of history (2nd ed.). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Booker, C. (2004). The seven basic plots: Why we tell stories. London: Bloomsbury. Boyd, B. (2008). Art as adaptation: A challenge. Style,42, 138–143. Boyd, B. (2010). On the origin of stories. Evolution, cognition and fiction. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press. Boyer, P., & Petersen, M. B. (2018). Folk-economic beliefs: An evolutionary cognitive model. Behavioral and Brain Sciences,41, e158. Carroll, J. (2008). An evolutionary paradigm for literary study. Style,42, 103–135. Castoriadis, C. (1998). The imaginary institution of society: Creativity and autonomy in the social-historical world, new edition. Cambridge: Polity Press. Elster, J. (1999). Alchemies of the mind. Rationality and the emotions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Goodheart, E. (2008). Do we need literary Darwinism? Style,42, 181–185. Hillenbrand, A., & Verrina, E. (2018). The differential effect of narratives. Discussion Papers of the Max Planck Institute for Research in Collective Goods 2018/16, Bonn. Levy, D., & Snir, A. (2017). Potterian economics. ISET Working Papers 02-17, International School of Economics, Tbilisi State University. Lucchi Basili, L., & Sacco, P. L. (2018). Princes charming are not all made equal. The social cognition of mating strategies in four classical fairy tales. Cogent Psychology,5, 1. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311908.2017.1422678. Lucchi Basili, L., & Sacco, P. L. (2020). What makes a partner ‘ideal’, and for whom? Compatibility tests, filter tests, and the Mating Stability Matrix. Behavioral Sciences, forthcoming. Mar, R. A. (2011). The neural bases of social cognition and story comprehension. Annual Review of Psychology,62, 103–134. McCloskey, D. (1998). The rhetoric of economics (2nd ed.). Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press. Michalopoulos, S., & Xue, M. M. (2019). Folklore. NBER Working Paper 25430, NBER, Cambridge, MA. Morson, G. S., & Schapiro, M. (2017). Cents and sensibility. What economics can learn from the humanities. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Oatley, K. (1999). Why fiction may be twice as true as fact: Fiction as cognitive and emotional simulation. Review of General Psychology,3, 101–117. Oatley, K. (2016). Fiction: Simulation of social worlds. Trends in Cognitive Sciences,20, 618–628. Schwarz, J. O., Kroehl, R., & von der Gracht, H. A. (2014). Novels and novelty in trend research—Using novels to perceive weak signals and transfer frames of reference. Technological Forecasting and Social Change,84, 66–73. Shiller, R. J. (2017). Narrative economics. American Economic Review,107, 967–1004. Shonkwiler, A. (2017). The financial imaginary. Economic mystification and the limits of realist fiction. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press. Tetlock, P. E. (2005). Expert political judgment: How good it is? How can we know?. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Vermeule, B. (2009). Why do we care about literary characters?. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. Download references This paper received no funding. Correspondence to Pier Luigi Sacco. The author declares that he has no conflict of interest. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Reprints and Permissions Sacco, P.L. ‘There are more things in heaven and earth…’ A ‘narrative turn’ in economics?. J Cult Econ (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10824-020-09377-1 Download citation Received: 13 June 2019 Accepted: 07 January 2020 Published: 04 February 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10824-020-09377-1
Pier Luigi Sacco. ‘There are more things in heaven and earth…’ A ‘narrative turn’ in economics? Journal of Cultural Economics 2020, 44, 173 -183.
AMA StylePier Luigi Sacco. ‘There are more things in heaven and earth…’ A ‘narrative turn’ in economics? Journal of Cultural Economics. 2020; 44 (1):173-183.
Chicago/Turabian StylePier Luigi Sacco. 2020. "‘There are more things in heaven and earth…’ A ‘narrative turn’ in economics?" Journal of Cultural Economics 44, no. 1: 173-183.
We introduce a typological characterization of possible human heterosexual couples in terms of the concordance-opposition of the orientations of their active and receptive areas as defined by the tie-up theory. We show that human mating incentives, as characterized by widely adopted approaches, such as Becker’s marriage market approach, only capture very specific instances of actual couples thus characterized. Our approach allows us to instead explore how super-cooperation among partners vs. convenience vs. constriction may be regarded as alternatives modes of couple formation and cohesion, leading to very different types of couples with different implications in terms of stability and resilience. Our results may have interesting implications for future experimental research and for individual and family counseling.
Lorenza Lucchi Basili; Pier Luigi Sacco. What Makes a Partner Ideal, and for Whom? Compatibility Tests, Filter Tests, and the Mating Stability Matrix. Behavioral Sciences 2020, 10, 48 .
AMA StyleLorenza Lucchi Basili, Pier Luigi Sacco. What Makes a Partner Ideal, and for Whom? Compatibility Tests, Filter Tests, and the Mating Stability Matrix. Behavioral Sciences. 2020; 10 (2):48.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLorenza Lucchi Basili; Pier Luigi Sacco. 2020. "What Makes a Partner Ideal, and for Whom? Compatibility Tests, Filter Tests, and the Mating Stability Matrix." Behavioral Sciences 10, no. 2: 48.
We conduct a field experiment involving 143, 9-years old children in their classrooms. Children are requested to flip a coin in private and receive a big or a small prize depending on the outcome they report. Comparing the actual and theoretical distribution of reported wins, we find evidence of cheating at the aggregate level. By using behavioral data gathered on previous and subsequent meetings with the same children, we are able to explore the relationship between cheating behavior, other regarding preferences, and the tendency to appeal to social norms in judging unfair behaviors. Children who are classified as concerned about inequality are less likely to cheat. Similarly, children who are more likely to appeal to social norms in judging unfair behaviors are also less likely to cheat. We find no significant relationship between inequality concern and social norms sensitivity, suggesting that these mechanisms work differently interacting with children moral behavior.
Clara Amato; Francesca Gino; Natalia Montinari; Pierluigi Sacco. Cheating, inequality aversion, and appealing to social norms. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 2019, 179, 767 -776.
AMA StyleClara Amato, Francesca Gino, Natalia Montinari, Pierluigi Sacco. Cheating, inequality aversion, and appealing to social norms. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization. 2019; 179 ():767-776.
Chicago/Turabian StyleClara Amato; Francesca Gino; Natalia Montinari; Pierluigi Sacco. 2019. "Cheating, inequality aversion, and appealing to social norms." Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 179, no. : 767-776.
Dorota Węziak-Białowolska; Piotr Białowolski; Pier Luigi Sacco. Involvement with the arts and participation in cultural events—Does personality moderate impact on well-being? Evidence from the U.K. Household Panel Survey. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts 2019, 13, 348 -358.
AMA StyleDorota Węziak-Białowolska, Piotr Białowolski, Pier Luigi Sacco. Involvement with the arts and participation in cultural events—Does personality moderate impact on well-being? Evidence from the U.K. Household Panel Survey. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts. 2019; 13 (3):348-358.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDorota Węziak-Białowolska; Piotr Białowolski; Pier Luigi Sacco. 2019. "Involvement with the arts and participation in cultural events—Does personality moderate impact on well-being? Evidence from the U.K. Household Panel Survey." Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts 13, no. 3: 348-358.
The purpose of this paper is to analyse the impact of European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) regulations over two programming periods (2000–2006 and 2007–2013) in terms of separate waste collection rates of Italian regions. We analyse longitudinal data for 20 NUTS-2 Italian regions over two EU policy cycles (2000–2006 and 2007–2013), by means of a Difference-in-differences estimation method. The estimates suggest that ERDF regulations in both programming periods had no relevant impact on the achievement of cohesion policy goals for separate collection at the regional level. Subsequently, we analyse data for 103 NUTS-3 Italian provinces over 2000–2013 by means of two statistical tools: The Theil index (TI), and the Moran index (MI), and find that proximity effects at provincial scale cause positive social contagion of pro-environmental attitudes toward separate collection. Our results make a case for the relevance of ‘cultural’ policy measures fostering environmentally responsible attitudes as a possible pre-condition for effective implementation of ERDF-funded separate collection projects in low-performing regions.
M. Agovino; M. Casaccia; A. Crociata; P.L. Sacco. European Regional Development Fund and pro-environmental behaviour. The case of Italian separate waste collection. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences 2019, 65, 36 -50.
AMA StyleM. Agovino, M. Casaccia, A. Crociata, P.L. Sacco. European Regional Development Fund and pro-environmental behaviour. The case of Italian separate waste collection. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences. 2019; 65 ():36-50.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Agovino; M. Casaccia; A. Crociata; P.L. Sacco. 2019. "European Regional Development Fund and pro-environmental behaviour. The case of Italian separate waste collection." Socio-Economic Planning Sciences 65, no. : 36-50.