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Ignacio Oteiza
Instituto de Ciencias de la Construcción Eduardo Torroja, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IETcc-CSIC), 28033 Madrid, Spain

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Instituto Ciencias de la Construccion Eduardo Torroja- CSIC

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Journal article
Published: 09 July 2021 in Sustainability
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This article analyses the situation that prevailed in 12 dwellings located on the outskirts of Madrid during Spain’s state of emergency. How did 24/7 occupation affect the quality of indoor air and power consumption patterns? The mixed method used (surveys and instrumental monitoring) pragmatically detected the variation in consumption, comfort and indoor air quality patterns before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The characteristics initially in place and household predisposition had a conclusive effect on such variations. The starting conditions, including household composition, habits and the way daily activities were performed, differed widely, logically affecting power consumption: 8/12 case studies increase occupancy density by more than 25 percent; 11/12 improve thermal comfort; 10/12 improve air quality but not necessarily translate in a sufficient ventilation practices; air quality was lower in the bedrooms on the whole; only 4/12 case studies use the potential of passive measures; only one household adopted energy savings strategies; 10/12 case studies increase electric power consumption but none of the dwellings was fitted with a renewable power generation system. The conclusion drawn is that, despite starting conditions differing widely, household composition, habits (including performance of daily activities performance) and power consumption also played an active role in the end result. This approach allowed to integrate qualitative and quantitative findings on indoor environmental quality (IEQ), energy use and households’ behavior. The objective data on the energy situation of the case studies not only is useful for the study, but also for potential enrollment in energy rehabilitation programs, such as the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF).

ACS Style

Fernando de Frutos; Teresa Cuerdo-Vilches; Carmen Alonso; Fernando Martín-Consuegra; Borja Frutos; Ignacio Oteiza; Miguel Navas-Martín. Indoor Environmental Quality and Consumption Patterns before and during the COVID-19 Lockdown in Twelve Social Dwellings in Madrid, Spain. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7700 .

AMA Style

Fernando de Frutos, Teresa Cuerdo-Vilches, Carmen Alonso, Fernando Martín-Consuegra, Borja Frutos, Ignacio Oteiza, Miguel Navas-Martín. Indoor Environmental Quality and Consumption Patterns before and during the COVID-19 Lockdown in Twelve Social Dwellings in Madrid, Spain. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (14):7700.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fernando de Frutos; Teresa Cuerdo-Vilches; Carmen Alonso; Fernando Martín-Consuegra; Borja Frutos; Ignacio Oteiza; Miguel Navas-Martín. 2021. "Indoor Environmental Quality and Consumption Patterns before and during the COVID-19 Lockdown in Twelve Social Dwellings in Madrid, Spain." Sustainability 13, no. 14: 7700.

Journal article
Published: 08 July 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The COVID-19 pandemic and the precautionary measures applied globally (lockdowns and curfews) have impacted homes, including work. Working from home (WFH) has emerged as a growing trend in the post-pandemic era. The research question was: Are our homes ready for teleworking? To respond, a national prospective mixed approach was launched for Spanish households during the spring 2020 lockdown, using two online questionnaires, one quantitative and the other qualitative. Through a survey, photographs, and narratives, the study evaluates the perceived adequacy of telework spaces and their specific characteristics, the availability of digital resources and the internet. A total of 1800 surveys and over 200 images and texts related to telework environments were obtained. The results suggest that the adequacy of these spaces was insufficient for more than a quarter of the homes. Also, strong relations between the perceived workspace adequacy and a social status or stability of homes were shown and validated, despite other sociodemographic features, the home composition or habitat were not related. Some other variables statistically significant were occupation regime, type and surface of dwellings; their indoor environmental quality; the availability of exclusive spaces for teleworking; quality of digital resources; and the specific space features. The analysis was completed with qualitative insights through photos and texts. Telework, lived in this context as an experiment, needs this reflection from an environmental, resource-availability, and ergonomic point of view.

ACS Style

Teresa Cuerdo-Vilches; Miguel Navas-Martín; Ignacio Oteiza. Working from Home: Is Our Housing Ready? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 7329 .

AMA Style

Teresa Cuerdo-Vilches, Miguel Navas-Martín, Ignacio Oteiza. Working from Home: Is Our Housing Ready? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (14):7329.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Teresa Cuerdo-Vilches; Miguel Navas-Martín; Ignacio Oteiza. 2021. "Working from Home: Is Our Housing Ready?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 14: 7329.

Journal article
Published: 30 June 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Following the 2020 confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic, housing has become the only safe place and this has exposed inequity in habitability. This research on the reality of confined households and the perception of their homes in the Mexican republic is based on a mixed participatory study, combining quantitative and qualitative approaches. The online questionnaire consisted of 58 questions in the quantitative approximation. The qualitative part required the provision of an image of the workspace, with testimonies and personal reflections. During the lockdown, all participants saw an increase in overall energy consumption; more than half reported not being in thermal comfort; and a third declared deficiencies in noise insulation. Regarding the perception of the telework/tele-study space, we found the following categories: bedrooms, living/dining rooms, studies and others. In addition, respondents had often adapted the workspace for both individual and shared use. In general, the households were satisfied with the size of their houses but would like landscaped spaces or better views outside. Confinement made housing the protective element against the pandemic. The consequences will have an effect globally, so new architectural design paradigms need to be rethought.

ACS Style

Maribel Jaimes Torres; Mónica Aguilera Portillo; Teresa Cuerdo-Vilches; Ignacio Oteiza; Miguel Navas-Martín. Habitability, Resilience, and Satisfaction in Mexican Homes to COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 6993 .

AMA Style

Maribel Jaimes Torres, Mónica Aguilera Portillo, Teresa Cuerdo-Vilches, Ignacio Oteiza, Miguel Navas-Martín. Habitability, Resilience, and Satisfaction in Mexican Homes to COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (13):6993.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maribel Jaimes Torres; Mónica Aguilera Portillo; Teresa Cuerdo-Vilches; Ignacio Oteiza; Miguel Navas-Martín. 2021. "Habitability, Resilience, and Satisfaction in Mexican Homes to COVID-19 Pandemic." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 13: 6993.

Journal article
Published: 25 May 2021 in Sustainability
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During spring 2020, the world was shocked at the imminent global spread of SARS-CoV-2, resorting to measures such as domestic confinement. This meant the reconfiguration of life in an unusual space; the home. However, not all households experienced it in the same way; many of them were vulnerable. A general increase in energy consumption and discomfort in many cases, led these families to suffer the ravages of confinement. This study analyzes the energy and comfort situation for the Madrid (Spain) population, according to the configuration of the homes, the characteristics of the dwellings, the vulnerability index by district, and energy poverty (measured with the 10% threshold of energy expenditure of home incomes). The results show a greater exposure, in confinement, of vulnerable and energy-poor households to scenarios of discomfort in the home, to which they could not respond, while energy consumption inevitably increased. Driven by need, energy-poor homes applied certain saving strategies, mainly resorting to thermal adaptation with clothing. This study shows the risk these households experienced in the face of an extreme situation, and invites reflection on preventive and containment measures that aim to avoid harming the disadvantaged in the future; harm that would also entail serious consequences on the health of their cohabitants.

ACS Style

Teresa Cuerdo-Vilches; Miguel Navas-Martín; Ignacio Oteiza. Behavior Patterns, Energy Consumption and Comfort during COVID-19 Lockdown Related to Home Features, Socioeconomic Factors and Energy Poverty in Madrid. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5949 .

AMA Style

Teresa Cuerdo-Vilches, Miguel Navas-Martín, Ignacio Oteiza. Behavior Patterns, Energy Consumption and Comfort during COVID-19 Lockdown Related to Home Features, Socioeconomic Factors and Energy Poverty in Madrid. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (11):5949.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Teresa Cuerdo-Vilches; Miguel Navas-Martín; Ignacio Oteiza. 2021. "Behavior Patterns, Energy Consumption and Comfort during COVID-19 Lockdown Related to Home Features, Socioeconomic Factors and Energy Poverty in Madrid." Sustainability 13, no. 11: 5949.

Journal article
Published: 29 December 2020 in Sustainability
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This study quantified the improvement in energy efficiency following passive renovation of the thermal envelope in highly inefficient residential complexes on the outskirts of the city of Madrid. A case study was conducted of a single-family terrace housing, representative of the smallest size subsidized dwellings built in Spain for workers in the nineteen fifties and sixties. Two units of similar characteristics, one in its original state and the other renovated, were analyzed in detail against their urban setting with an experimental method proposed hereunder for simplified, minimal monitoring. The dwellings were compared on the grounds of indoor environment quality parameters recorded over a period covering both winter and summer months. That information was supplemented with an analysis of the energy consumption metered. The result was a low-cost, reasonably accurate measure of the improvements gained in the renovated unit. The monitoring output data were entered in a theoretical energy efficiency model for the entire neighborhood to obtain an estimate of the potential for energy savings if the entire urban complex were renovated.

ACS Style

Fernando Martín-Consuegra; Fernando de Frutos; Ignacio Oteiza; Carmen Alonso; Borja Frutos. Minimal Monitoring of Improvements in Energy Performance after Envelope Renovation in Subsidized Single Family Housing in Madrid. Sustainability 2020, 13, 235 .

AMA Style

Fernando Martín-Consuegra, Fernando de Frutos, Ignacio Oteiza, Carmen Alonso, Borja Frutos. Minimal Monitoring of Improvements in Energy Performance after Envelope Renovation in Subsidized Single Family Housing in Madrid. Sustainability. 2020; 13 (1):235.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fernando Martín-Consuegra; Fernando de Frutos; Ignacio Oteiza; Carmen Alonso; Borja Frutos. 2020. "Minimal Monitoring of Improvements in Energy Performance after Envelope Renovation in Subsidized Single Family Housing in Madrid." Sustainability 13, no. 1: 235.

Journal article
Published: 07 December 2020 in Sustainability
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The confinement by COVID-19 has meant a re-reading of housing for Spanish households, resulting in the only available and safe space to carry out daily activity. This complex phenomenon has generated a completely different way of inhabiting it, as well as of relating to domestic spaces. For this reason, the home perception and its characteristics must be evaluated, highlighting those perceived as deficiencies, or as preferences in such an unusual context as lockdown, where the experience was different depending on the dwelling characteristics, and the family in question. To deepen in this double perception home-dwelling, a mixed method was used, with two online forms. The first is a quantitative questionnaire, while the second asks the participants for photographs and narratives about such images. More than 1800 surveys and 785 qualitative responses were obtained. From both approaches, the joint discourse arose, allowing an exploratory analysis of the current situation of the Spanish residential park, and the resilience demonstrated in this period by both households and their usual dwellings. This study should facilitate the development of new proposals on housing in contexts similar to the COVID-19 pandemic.

ACS Style

Teresa Cuerdo-Vilches; Miguel Navas-Martín; Ignacio Oteiza. A Mixed Approach on Resilience of Spanish Dwellings and Households during COVID-19 Lockdown. Sustainability 2020, 12, 10198 .

AMA Style

Teresa Cuerdo-Vilches, Miguel Navas-Martín, Ignacio Oteiza. A Mixed Approach on Resilience of Spanish Dwellings and Households during COVID-19 Lockdown. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (23):10198.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Teresa Cuerdo-Vilches; Miguel Navas-Martín; Ignacio Oteiza. 2020. "A Mixed Approach on Resilience of Spanish Dwellings and Households during COVID-19 Lockdown." Sustainability 12, no. 23: 10198.

Journal article
Published: 21 February 2020 in Informes de la Construcción
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El proyecto REVen “Rehabilitación energética de viviendas sociales, aplicando productos innovadores de ventana con marcado CE” (BIA2014-56650-JIN), tiene como objetivo realizar un análisis integral del impacto de la ventana en los aspectos relativos a eficiencia energética y calidad ambiental. Para caracterizar los flujos de energía y las condiciones ambientales internas se ha construido el Laboratorio REVen. Este artículo describe la construcción y la monitorización de este laboratorio analizando los datos de su primer año de funcionamiento. Los resultados permiten afirmar que se logra una mejora significativa del confort térmico obteniendo un ahorro de energía anual del 25 %.

ACS Style

B. Arranz; I. Oteiza; E. Delgado; A. Gutiérrez. Construcción y monitorización del Laboratorio REVen para el estudio del impacto de las ventanas integrando eficiencia energética y calidad ambiental interior. Informes de la Construcción 2020, 72, 324 .

AMA Style

B. Arranz, I. Oteiza, E. Delgado, A. Gutiérrez. Construcción y monitorización del Laboratorio REVen para el estudio del impacto de las ventanas integrando eficiencia energética y calidad ambiental interior. Informes de la Construcción. 2020; 72 (557):324.

Chicago/Turabian Style

B. Arranz; I. Oteiza; E. Delgado; A. Gutiérrez. 2020. "Construcción y monitorización del Laboratorio REVen para el estudio del impacto de las ventanas integrando eficiencia energética y calidad ambiental interior." Informes de la Construcción 72, no. 557: 324.

Original articles
Published: 16 January 2020 in Building Research & Information
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In this paper, we define the hygrothermal properties of a rammed earth wall through experimental analysis, relating thermal parameters to moisture content. These tests were conducted in Campo de Criptana (Ciudad Real, Spain), and the wall examined in this study is a 70-cm-thick north-facing rammed earth wall that is part of an occupied traditional dwelling Ambient and surface temperature and humidity values were monitored, along with the temperature and humidity at several points inside the wall and the heat flux on both sides of the wall. We recorded the wall’s behaviour regarding ambient comfort conditions for one year and obtained transmittance and conductivity values. Results show that it is quite difficult to analyse the hygrothermal behaviour of a rammed earth wall throughout the year, since the properties of the wall vary enormously. We found that, to evaluate the thermal behaviour of the wall, it was not appropriate to consider the same conductivity value for whole sections of the wall, as this value varies according to moisture content (generally between 0.39 and 0.55 Wm−1 K−1): we propose seasonal values for conductivity. Finally, the hygrothermal stability that these structures provide to the spaces they enclose has been shown, especially during hot and dry periods.

ACS Style

Míguel Ángel Mellado Mascaraque; Francisco Javier Castilla Pacual; Ignacio Oteiza; Sofía Aparicio Secanellas. Hygrothermal assessment of a traditional earthen wall in a dry Mediterranean climate. Building Research & Information 2020, 48, 632 -644.

AMA Style

Míguel Ángel Mellado Mascaraque, Francisco Javier Castilla Pacual, Ignacio Oteiza, Sofía Aparicio Secanellas. Hygrothermal assessment of a traditional earthen wall in a dry Mediterranean climate. Building Research & Information. 2020; 48 (6):632-644.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Míguel Ángel Mellado Mascaraque; Francisco Javier Castilla Pacual; Ignacio Oteiza; Sofía Aparicio Secanellas. 2020. "Hygrothermal assessment of a traditional earthen wall in a dry Mediterranean climate." Building Research & Information 48, no. 6: 632-644.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2019 in EURE (Santiago)
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Se desarrolla una metodología que permite la localización de áreas urbanas que se encuentran en situación de pobreza energética. Para ello es necesario analizar datos geolocalizados de la relación entre los ingresos medios por hogar y los consumos energéticos residenciales para cada área urbana. La metodología se aplica al caso de la ciudad de Madrid (España). En el proceso de estimación del coste de los servicios energéticos por hogar se desentrama el peso que juegan los distintos factores que influyen en él: la calidad de la construcción, las instalaciones térmicas más utilizadas, los tipos de suministro de energía empleados para satisfacer las necesidades del hogar y la estructura tarifaria del sector energético español. Se concluye que la interacción de estos factores provoca que los hogares incluidos en los tramos de renta mínima estén en riesgo de pobreza energética de manera independiente de la eficiencia energética de la vivienda que ocupan. Esto apunta a la necesidad de desarrollar políticas públicas específicas para combatir la pobreza energética de manera complementaria a los planes para la rehabilitación energética de viviendas.

ACS Style

Fernando Martín-Consuegra; Agustín Hernández-Aja; Ignacio Oteiza; Carmen Alonso. Distribución de la pobreza energética en la ciudad de Madrid (España). EURE (Santiago) 2019, 45, 133 -152.

AMA Style

Fernando Martín-Consuegra, Agustín Hernández-Aja, Ignacio Oteiza, Carmen Alonso. Distribución de la pobreza energética en la ciudad de Madrid (España). EURE (Santiago). 2019; 45 (135):133-152.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fernando Martín-Consuegra; Agustín Hernández-Aja; Ignacio Oteiza; Carmen Alonso. 2019. "Distribución de la pobreza energética en la ciudad de Madrid (España)." EURE (Santiago) 45, no. 135: 133-152.

Journal article
Published: 20 November 2018 in Energy and Buildings
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An extensive airtightness measurement has been carried out on 159 social housing units built in southern Spain. The sample includes homes from multifamily buildings built since the origin of social housing models in 1950, through to the most recent examples developed under EPBD compliance requirements. Testing was developed between 2012-2017 using the standardised Blower Door pressurisation technique. The main purpose of this research is to present a wide-ranging, exhaustive study on the airtightness performance of social housing built in southern Spain; these properties are representative of other locations in southern Europe due to both to their climate conditions and their socio-economic and cultural component. The general performance of the housing stock in terms of normalised permeability at 50 Pa shows a mean value of 7 h−1, similar to that found in other areas in Southern Europe, although with very significant variability between properties which are airtight and those which are highly permeable, all within a housing stock which is similar in terms of type and construction. Based on this information, it has been possible to develop a representative probabilistic description of the housing stock. The study provides useful information on the influence climatic location of buildings as well as age and other and other morphological and constructive parameters of residential buildings.

ACS Style

Jesica Fernández-Agüera; Samuel Domínguez-Amarillo; Juan José Sendra; Rafael Suárez; Ignacio Oteiza. Social housing airtightness in Southern Europe. Energy and Buildings 2018, 183, 377 -391.

AMA Style

Jesica Fernández-Agüera, Samuel Domínguez-Amarillo, Juan José Sendra, Rafael Suárez, Ignacio Oteiza. Social housing airtightness in Southern Europe. Energy and Buildings. 2018; 183 ():377-391.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jesica Fernández-Agüera; Samuel Domínguez-Amarillo; Juan José Sendra; Rafael Suárez; Ignacio Oteiza. 2018. "Social housing airtightness in Southern Europe." Energy and Buildings 183, no. : 377-391.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2018 in Energy and Buildings
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European directives and the objectives of the continent's 2020 strategy identify an urgent need to rehabilitate inefficient urban environments and bring them in line with a twenty-first century social market economy based on low carbon emissions and the harnessing of existing resources. An overarching approach informed by environmental, social and economic integration should be adopted to recover the built heritage and the cities that house it. Urban potential should be accurately assessed to ensure full advantage is taken of existing resources without generating false expectations and the concomitant perverse effects on the objectives of integrated urban regeneration. The development of precision tools to assess the potential for improving energy efficiency in the urban fabric is a priority. This study proposes a method for calculating energy loss across building envelopes based on the exploitation of cadastral data with open source IT tools. The output includes neighbourhood-scale information on the thermal performance of building envelopes and energy dispersion relative to a city's climate based on energy loss calculations. More generally, it establishes energy efficiency of the existing urban fabric from precise energy indicators developed with pooled geometric data collected building by building from the cadastre. The method is verified by analysing the findings for a case study in an area on the outskirts of Madrid characterised by inefficient construction and listed as a deprived neighbourhood, with a population very likely to be subject to energy poverty. The methodology described can be extrapolated to other European cities with cadastres similar to Spain's and in particular to those in temperate Mediterranean climates with cold winters and warm summers.

ACS Style

Fernando Martín-Consuegra; Fernando De Frutos; Ignacio Oteiza; Hernández Aja Agustín. Use of cadastral data to assess urban scale building energy loss. Application to a deprived quarter in Madrid. Energy and Buildings 2018, 171, 50 -63.

AMA Style

Fernando Martín-Consuegra, Fernando De Frutos, Ignacio Oteiza, Hernández Aja Agustín. Use of cadastral data to assess urban scale building energy loss. Application to a deprived quarter in Madrid. Energy and Buildings. 2018; 171 ():50-63.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fernando Martín-Consuegra; Fernando De Frutos; Ignacio Oteiza; Hernández Aja Agustín. 2018. "Use of cadastral data to assess urban scale building energy loss. Application to a deprived quarter in Madrid." Energy and Buildings 171, no. : 50-63.

Journal article
Published: 30 December 2017 in Informes de la Construcción
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Este trabajo pretende realizar aportaciones de interés para reducir la brecha existente entre el comportamiento energético real y previsto en edificios. Tiene como principal objetivo establecer modelos predictivos que relacionen el consumo eléctrico de climatización para mantener unas determinadas condiciones operacionales en el ambiente interior, según sea el clima exterior, en función de la solución de fachada. Esos modelos predictivos se obtienen para módulos de ensayo en la que toda su envolvente es adiabática, a excepción de la fachada que se quiere ensayar. Tres soluciones de fachada han sido consideradas: una base que se corresponde con una solución de doble hoja de ladrillo con cámara de aire intermedia, la solución más común en viviendas plurifamiliares en España que fueron construidos entre 1940 y 1980, previamente a la primera normativa que, con carácter global, limitaba la demanda energética en los edificios; y dos soluciones de rehabilitación de la fachada anterior muy frecuentemente utilizadas: Fachada Ventilada y ETICS. Usando los datos de monitorización de los consumos eléctricos de equipos de climatización en esos tres módulos, se generan esos modelos predictivos, tanto para el periodo de verano como el de invierno, que son rectas de regresión lineal cuyas ecuaciones se enuncian, así como sus principales parámetros estadísticos.

ACS Style

J. Guerrero-Rubio; J. J. Sendra; J. Fernández-Agüera; I. Oteiza. Modelos predictivos del consumo energético de climatización asociado a soluciones de fachadas en Madrid a partir de la monitorización en módulos de ensayo. Informes de la Construcción 2017, 69, 225 .

AMA Style

J. Guerrero-Rubio, J. J. Sendra, J. Fernández-Agüera, I. Oteiza. Modelos predictivos del consumo energético de climatización asociado a soluciones de fachadas en Madrid a partir de la monitorización en módulos de ensayo. Informes de la Construcción. 2017; 69 (548):225.

Chicago/Turabian Style

J. Guerrero-Rubio; J. J. Sendra; J. Fernández-Agüera; I. Oteiza. 2017. "Modelos predictivos del consumo energético de climatización asociado a soluciones de fachadas en Madrid a partir de la monitorización en módulos de ensayo." Informes de la Construcción 69, no. 548: 225.