Electrolysis utilizing renewable electricity is an environmentally friendly, non-polluting, and sustainable method of hydrogen production. Seawater is the most desirable and inexpensive electrolyte for this process to achieve commercial acceptance compared to competing hydrogen production technologies. We reviewed metal–organic frameworks as possible electrocatalysts for hydrogen production by seawater electrolysis. Metal–organic frameworks are interesting for seawater electrolysis due to their large surface area, tunable permeability, and ease of functional processing, which makes them extremely suitable for obtaining modifiable electrode structures. Here we discussed the development of metal–organic framework-based electrocatalysts as multifunctional materials with applications for alkaline, PEM, and direct seawater electrolysis for hydrogen production. Their advantages and disadvantages were examined in search of a pathway to a successful and sustainable technology for developing electrode materials to produce hydrogen from seawater.

Described herewith is an electrochemical method to decontaminate sulphur compounds. Studies were carried out of sulphites (SO₃²⁻) oxidation on a range of anode catalysts. The electrocatalysts were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, XRD, XPS and BET. Polarization curves were recorded of electrodes incorporating lyophilized higher fullerenes and manganese oxides. The experiments showed that lyophilized higher fullerenes and C₆₀/C₇₀ fullerene catalysts in conjunction with manganese oxides electrochemically convert sulphites (SO₃²⁻) to sulphates (SO₄²⁻). The oxidation products do not poison the electrodes. The XPS analysis shows that the catalysts incorporating DWCNTs, MWCNTs and higher fullerenes have a higher concentration of sp³C carbon bonding leading to higher catalytic activity. It is ascertained that higher fullerenes play a major role in the synthesis of more effective catalysts. The electrodes built by incorporating lyophilized catalysts containing higher fullerenes and manganese oxides are shown as most promising in the effective electrochemical decontamination of industrial and natural wastewaters.

The production of green hydrogen via aqueous electrolysis of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) holds significant potential to address challenges related to sustainable energy generation and environmental protection. The electrocatalytic splitting of water polluted with highly toxic H₂S is attractive for industrial applications because the process: (i) is less power-consuming than direct thermal H₂S decomposition; (ii) achieves high Faradaic efficiencies for hydrogen production; and (iii) yields elemental sulfur as an added-value by-product. This review covers a brief discussion on sulfide-containing water sources and electrochemical methods for hydrogen production from H₂S, specifically Direct, Indirect, and Electrochemical Membrane Reactor (EMR) systems. To become commercially and economically attractive, these approaches require improvements in electrolysis efficiency through the development of low-cost electrode materials that are resistant to sulfur poisoning and corrosion, while possessing high catalytic activity, enhanced stability, and durability. Early research focused on carbon-based materials combined with noble metal oxides, transition metal compounds, and related materials. Since their practical performance is limited, investigations have shifted toward nanostructured electrocatalysts with unique crystal structures and designs, which show significantly improved efficiency for H₂S electrolysis. This review highlights the potential of H₂S electrolysis for hydrogen production, giving special attention to recent advancements in electrode materials.