Globalization, digitalization, and the permanent alteration of information have led to important changes in the world of work. This demands a realignment of essential skills in order to access job positions in the coming years. In order to face up to the digitalization process, education is one of the ambits that has most come to a tipping point. This adds an urgency to the need to bring skills in line with the new demands of the job market and the challenges posed in the 21st Century. The methodology was based on a systematic review of the most commonly-used databases. It analyzed and synthesized the existing information on the skills required for the future job market and educational proposals to facilitate their acquisition. At the beginning of the search, 2045 records were selected. However, following the application of the exclusion criteria, a total of 63 records were included. From this in-depth analysis, it was uncovered that the most in-demand skill for the job market relates to the management of technology. Different proposals were located which targeted these skills in educational settings. The majority of these pertained to innovative projects emanating from digital and technological phenomena.

It is known that the promotion and acquisition of healthy attitudes is a key factor depending on the academic training provided by the university studies on which students are enrolled.The aim of the present research is to analyse and compare lifestyle habits and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) as a function of academic training. A cross-sectional study with a volunteer convenience sample of 707 undergraduate participants aged (21.98 ± 3.50 years). Students were divided into four different groups according to their area of academic training. Socio-demographic variables, adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD), physical activity (PA) engagement and HRQoL were recorded. PA and sport science students reported better scores in PA (6342.39 ± 2313.99 metabolic equivalents [METs]; P = 0.000), MD adherence (6.33 ± 2.69; P = 0.000) and HRQoL in physical and mental health (MH; 54.85 ± 9.18; 53.70 ± 13.6; P = 0.000). In contrast, non-health-related sciences (NHRS) students reported the lowest scores on assessed items. Students with a medium/high monthly salary reported better MD adherence (6.16 ± 3.07; P = 0.012). In addition, females reported better scores (6.41 ± 2.65; P = 0.000) than males. Further, males indicated better perceptions of MH (46.52 ± 18.84; P = 0.014). Moreover, university students with a high level of MD adherence were revealed to engage in more PA (5181.17 ± 2813.35 METs; P = 0.000) and have better HRQoL with regards to both physical (54.76 ± 8.84; P = 0.000) and MH (48.11 ± 16.73; P = 0.000). Outcomes point to differences in MD adherence, PA and HRQoL according to academic training. NHRS students who did not know healthy habits reported lower scores for all studied items. This indicates the need for health interventions at universities.

Regular physical activity and good adherence to the Mediterranean diet are important for improving physical and mental health. Confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic has led to a lack of exercise and poor nutrition. Preadolescent mental health, specifically regarding self-esteem, may have been affected. This is particularly relevant between the ages of 10 and 14. The influence of total confinement due to COVID-19 on physical activity and Mediterranean diet adherence, and its relationship with self-esteem was studied in third-year primary school students and first-year secondary school students in the provinces of Granada and Malaga, Spain. Validated questionnaires were administered to evaluate physical activity (PAQ-C), Mediterranean diet adherence (KIDMED) and self-esteem (Rosenberg Scale). In the same way, the FAS III test was used to evaluate socioeconomic status and an ad-hoc questionnaire was developed to collect sociodemographic data and evaluate screen time. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS 25.0 statistical software. During the period of total confinement, statistically significant differences were found between examined variables, according to sex, school year, school type, socioeconomic status and whether or not the participant had contracted COVID-19. These data were compared with those collected during a previous time period. Those with a low socioeconomic status and girls were most affected.

University students face mental health (MH) issues like anxiety, depression, and stress, highlighting the need for effective interventions to improve well-being and academic success. This review examined 18 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from 2000 to 2023, following PRISMA guidelines. A total of 2,325 students, aged 18-25 without severe MH conditions, participated in physical activity (PA) interventions like aerobic and strength training, mindfulness practices such as meditation and mind-body therapies (MBT) such as yoga and Qigong-Baduanjin, over 1 to 16 wk. In 89% of studies, interventions led to significant reductions in anxiety, depression, and stress, with positive effects across various intervention types and durations. The findings support PA, mindfulness and MBT as effective strategies for enhancing MH among university students, though more research with standardized methods and long-term follow-ups is recommended.

Background: This study explored the influence of three key lifestyle habits—physical activity (PA), adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD), and sleep duration—on psychological well-being indicators (resilience, psychological distress, and self-esteem) in university students. Methods: A total of 928 students (67.3% females; total sample mean age = 21.01 ± 1.95) from the Faculty of Education at the University of Granada participated. Validated self-report instruments were used to assess all variables: the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-SF), the KIDMED index, the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21), and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Results: Results showed that male students reported higher levels of PA, better MD adherence, longer sleep duration, and more favorable psychological outcomes. Stepwise regression analyses indicated that MD adherence was the strongest and most consistent predictor of resilience, self-esteem, and psychological distress. Sleep duration emerged as a key factor, particularly in predicting resilience among men. Although no direct association was found between PA and psychological distress, mediation analysis revealed a significant indirect effect through sleep duration. Conclusions: These findings underscore the relevance of promoting healthy lifestyle habits in an integrated and sex-sensitive manner to enhance mental health (MH) in university students. In particular, targeting future teachers may be essential, given their potential role as promoters of well-being in school settings.

En la adolescencia temprana se dan numerosas transformaciones y la adquisición de un estilo de vida saludable es trascendental para disminuir la aparición de enfermedades no transmisibles. Objetivo: analizar la relación entre la práctica de la actividad física (AF), la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea (DM) y el nivel socioeconómico (NSE). Material y métodos: en esta investigación de diseño transversal participaron 112 escolares del tercer ciclo de Educación Primaria de la capital de Granada, recogiendo los datos a través de tres cuestionarios: PAQ-C, para medir la práctica de AF; KIDMED para medir la adherencia a la DM y FAS III para determinar el nivel socioeconómico familiar. Resultados: el 80% de la muestra necesita mejorar su alimentación, ya que solo dos de cada diez niños presenta una alta adherencia a la DM, obteniendo puntuaciones ligeramente más altas el grupo masculino. Los niños practicaron más AF que las niñas. Por otro lado, se reveló que la condición socioeconómica es un factor influyente en la práctica de la AF, siendo el NSE bajo el grupo más desfavorecido en este parámetro. Por último correlacionó positivamente la práctica de AF con la adherencia a la DM y el nivel socioeconómico. Conclusión: se denota la importancia de fomentar y mejorar tanto la práctica de AF como la adherencia al patrón dietético Mediterráneo, desde edades tempranas. Resulta de vital importancia la creación de programas de intervención que fomenten la adquisición de hábitos saludables y busquen el equilibrio entre las desigualdades socioeconómicas del alumnado. A number of transitions occur during early adolescence that make the acquisition of healthy lifestyles transcendental for decreasing the onset of noncommunicable diseases. Objective: to analyse the relationship between the physical activity engagement (PA), Mediterranean diet adherence (MD) and socioeconomic status (SES).Material and methods: a cross-sectional research study was conducted involving 112 schoolchildren enrolled on the third year of primary education in Granada. Data was collected data through three questionnaires. The PAQ-C estimated physical activity engagement, the KIDMED estimated Mediterranean diet adherence and the FAS III determined family socioeconomic status. Results: 80% of participants need to improve their diet as only one fifth of participating children presented high Mediterranean diet adherence. Slightly higher scores were obtained in the male group, with males also engaging in more physical activity than females. Further, it was revealed that socioeconomic status is an influential factor in relation to physical activity engagement, with those with the lowest socioeconomic status having the least favourable indices for this parameter. Finally, physical activity engagement was positively correlated with Mediterranean diet adherence and socioeconomic status. Conclusion: present research highlights the importance of promoting and improving both PA engagement and adherence to Mediterranean dietary patterns from an early age. The development of intervention programmes that promote the acquisition of healthy habits and seek a balance between the socio-economic inequalities among students.